Python封裝SNMP調用接口的示例代碼
PySNMP 是一個純粹用Python實現的SNMP,用PySNMP的最抽象的API為One-line Applications,其中有兩類API:同步的和非同步的,都在模塊pysnmp.entity.rfc3413.oneliner.cmdgen 中實現,如下是Get方式與Walk方式的基本實現.
首先需要在系統中安裝SNMP客戶端,對於Linux平臺來說隻需要執行如下配置過程即可.
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y net-snmp [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf |grep -vE "^#|^$" com2sec notConfigUser default public group notConfigGroup v1 notConfigUser group notConfigGroup v2c notConfigUser view systemview included .1 view systemview included .1 access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact systemview none none [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart snmpd [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable snmpd
如果是Windows系統則需要在客戶機服務列表,開啟SNMP支持,並設置好一個團體名稱,如下圖。
當我們配置好客戶端後,服務端就客戶獲取數據瞭,我們以一個OID序號為例,我們查詢特定序號對應的名稱,然後將其記錄下來,例如下面這樣。
C:\Users\admin> snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 192.168.1.101 .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.2
HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrMemorySize.0 = INTEGER: 2096632 KBytes
首先我們不使用PySNMP模塊直接開線程調用看看,該代碼如下所示.
import os,re,time # 通過SNMP收集主機CPU利用率: 通過SNMP協議,收集目標主機的CPU利用率(百分比),並返回JSON字符串. def Get_CPU_Info(addr): try: Head = ["HostName","CoreLoad","CpuUser","CpuSystem","CpuIdle"] CPU = [] ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5") CPU.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip()) ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.3.1.2") CPU.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip()) for i in [9,10,11]: ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " 1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.{}.0".format(i)) ret = ret.read() Info = ret.split(":")[3].strip() CPU.append(Info) return dict(zip(Head,CPU)) except Exception: return 0 # 通過SNMP獲取系統CPU負載信息: 分別獲取到系統的1,5,15分鐘的負載信息,並返回JSON格式. def Get_Load_Info(addr): try: Head = ["HostName","Load1","Load5","Load15"] SysLoad = [] ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5") SysLoad.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip()) ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3") load = list(re.sub(".*STRING: ", "", ret.read()).split("\n")) SysLoad.append(load[0]) SysLoad.append(load[1]) SysLoad.append(load[2]) return dict(zip(Head,SysLoad)) except Exception: return 0 # 通過SNMP獲取系統內存占用: 內存利用率,獲取到之後,將其轉化為字典格式保存。 def Get_Mem_Info(addr): try: Head = ["HostName","memTotalSwap","memAvailSwap","memTotalReal","memTotalFree"] SysMem = [] ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5") SysMem.append(ret.read().split(":")[3].strip()) ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4") mem = ret.read().split("\n") for i in [2,3,4,6]: SysMem.append(re.sub(".*INTEGER: ","",mem[i]).split(" ")[0]) return dict(zip(Head,SysMem)) except Exception: return 0 # 通過SNMP獲取系統磁盤數據: 這個案例並不完整,我隻寫瞭一點,後面有個問題一直沒有解決. def Get_Disk_Info(addr): try: dic = {} list = [] ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageDescr") DiskName = ret.read().split("\n") ret =os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageUsed") DiskUsed = ret.read().split("\n") ret = os.popen("snmpwalk -v 2c -c nmap " + addr + " HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageSize") DiskSize = ret.read().split("\n") for i in range(1,len(DiskName) - 7): dic["Name"]= DiskName[i + 5].split(":")[3] dic["Used"]= DiskUsed[i + 5].split(":")[3] dic["Size"]= DiskSize[i + 5].split(":")[3] list.append(dic) return list except Exception: return 0 if __name__ == '__main__': for i in range(100): dic = Get_CPU_Info("192.168.1.20") print(dic) time.sleep(1)
我們使用pysnmp模塊來做,安裝pysnmp很簡單,執行命令pip install pysnmp
即可,安裝後使用以下代碼執行即可獲取到目標數據,獲取方式分為兩種一種為Get另一種為Walk.
from pysnmp.hlapi import * import os,sys class NetSNMP(): def __init__(self,address,region): self.region = region self.address = address # 獲取指定數據的方法 def GetNumber(self,oid,sub_oid,sub_id): iterator = getCmd(SnmpEngine(), CommunityData(self.region), UdpTransportTarget((self.address, 161)), ContextData(), ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(oid, sub_oid, sub_id))) errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBinds = next(iterator) if errorIndication: return False else: if errorStatus: return False else: for varBind in varBinds: return [x.prettyPrint() for x in varBind] # 使用Walk拉取數據 def WalkNumber(self, oid): res = [] for (errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBinds) in nextCmd(SnmpEngine(), CommunityData(self.region),UdpTransportTarget((self.address, 161)),ContextData(), ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(oid)).addMibSource( './site-packages/pysnmp/smi/mibs','pysnmp_mibs'),lexicographicMode=False): if errorIndication: print(errorIndication, file=sys.stderr) break elif errorStatus: print('%s at %s' % (errorStatus.prettyPrint(), errorIndex and varBinds[int(errorIndex) - 1][0] or '?'), file=sys.stderr) break else: for varBind in varBinds: res.append(str(varBind)) return res if __name__ == "__main__": # 初始化 ptr = NetSNMP("192.168.81.130","public") # 使用GET方式獲取OID數據 ret = ptr.GetNumber("HOST-RESOURCES-MIB","hrMemorySize",0) print("類型: {} --> 返回結果: {} --> 解析: {}".format(type(ret),ret,ret[1])) # 使用Walk方式獲取OID數據 ret = ptr.WalkNumber(".1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.6") for each in ret: mac = each.split("=")[1] if len(mac) > 1: print("網卡接口: {}".format(mac))
以上就是Python封裝SNMP調用接口的示例代碼的詳細內容,更多關於Python SNMP調用接口的資料請關註WalkonNet其它相關文章!
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