java SpringBoot 分佈式事務的解決方案(JTA+Atomic+多數據源)

前言

首先,到底啥是分佈式事務呢,比如我們在執行一個業務邏輯的時候有兩步分別操作A數據源和B數據源,當我們在A數據源執行數據更改後,在B數據源執行時出現運行時異常,那麼我們必須要讓B數據源的操作回滾,並回滾對A數據源的操作;這種情況在支付業務時常常出現;比如買票業務在最後支付失敗,那之前的操作必須全部回滾,如果之前的操作分佈在多個數據源中,那麼這就是典型的分佈式事務回滾;

瞭解瞭什麼是分佈式事務,那分佈式事務在java的解決方案就是JTA(即Java Transaction API);springboot官方提供瞭 Atomikos or Bitronix的解決思路;

其實,大多數情況下很多公司是使用消息隊列的方式實現分佈式事務。

本篇文章重點講解springboot環境下,整合 Atomikos +mysql+mybatis+tomcat/jetty;

一、項目依賴

pom.xml中添加atomikos的springboot相關依賴:

<!--分佈式事務-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jta-atomikos</artifactId>
</dependency>

點進去會發現裡面整合好瞭:​​transactions-jms​​、​​transactions-jta​​、​​transactions-jdbc​​、​​javax.transaction-api​

二、數據源配置

把數據源的相關配置項單獨提煉到一個application.yml中:

註意:

  • 這回我們的spring.datasource.type 是com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource;
  • ​spring.jta.transaction-manager-id​​的值在你的電腦中是唯一的,這個詳細請閱讀官方文檔;

完整的yml文件如下:

spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource
druid:

systemDB:
name: systemDB
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: root
# 下面為連接池的補充設置,應用到上面所有數據源中
# 初始化大小,最小,最大
initialSize: 5
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 20
# 配置獲取連接等待超時的時間
maxWait: 60000
# 配置間隔多久才進行一次檢測,檢測需要關閉的空閑連接,單位是毫秒
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
# 配置一個連接在池中最小生存的時間,單位是毫秒
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 30
validationQuery: SELECT 1
validationQueryTimeout: 10000
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
# 打開PSCache,並且指定每個連接上PSCache的大小
poolPreparedStatements: true
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
filters: stat,wall
# 通過connectProperties屬性來打開mergeSql功能;慢SQL記錄
connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000
# 合並多個DruidDataSource的監控數據
useGlobalDataSourceStat: true

businessDB:
name: businessDB

url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatis2?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: root
# 下面為連接池的補充設置,應用到上面所有數據源中
# 初始化大小,最小,最大
initialSize: 5
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 20
# 配置獲取連接等待超時的時間
maxWait: 60000
# 配置間隔多久才進行一次檢測,檢測需要關閉的空閑連接,單位是毫秒
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
# 配置一個連接在池中最小生存的時間,單位是毫秒
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 30
validationQuery: SELECT 1
validationQueryTimeout: 10000
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
# 打開PSCache,並且指定每個連接上PSCache的大小
poolPreparedStatements: true
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
filters: stat,wall
# 通過connectProperties屬性來打開mergeSql功能;慢SQL記錄
connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000
# 合並多個DruidDataSource的監控數據
useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
#jta相關參數配置
jta:
log-dir: classpath:tx-logs
transaction-manager-id: txManager

三、數據源的註冊

在DruidConfig.java中實現多個數據源的註冊;分佈式事務管理器的註冊;druid的註冊

package com.zjt.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.filter.stat.StatFilter;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter;
import com.alibaba.druid.wall.WallConfig;
import com.alibaba.druid.wall.WallFilter;
import com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionImp;
import com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.jta.atomikos.AtomikosDataSourceBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import javax.transaction.UserTransaction;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* Druid配置
*
*
*/
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {
@Bean(name = "systemDataSource")
@Primary
@Autowired
public DataSource systemDataSource(Environment env){
AtomikosDataSourceBean ds = new AtomikosDataSourceBean();
Properties prop = build(env, "spring.datasource.druid.systemDB.");
ds.setXaDataSourceClassName("com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource");
ds.setUniqueResourceName("systemDB");
ds.setPoolSize(5);
ds.setXaProperties(prop);
return ds;

}
@Autowired
@Bean(name = "businessDataSource")
public AtomikosDataSourceBean businessDataSource(Environment env){

AtomikosDataSourceBean ds = new AtomikosDataSourceBean();
Properties prop = build(env, "spring.datasource.druid.businessDB.");
ds.setXaDataSourceClassName("com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource");
ds.setUniqueResourceName("businessDB");
ds.setPoolSize(5);
ds.setXaProperties(prop);

return ds;
}
/**
* 註入事物管理器
* @return
*/
@Bean(name = "xatx")
public JtaTransactionManager regTransactionManager (){
UserTransactionManager userTransactionManager = new UserTransactionManager();
UserTransaction userTransaction = new UserTransactionImp();
return new JtaTransactionManager(userTransaction, userTransactionManager);
}
private Properties build(Environment env, String prefix){
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.put("url", env.getProperty(prefix + "url"));
prop.put("username", env.getProperty(prefix + "username"));
prop.put("password", env.getProperty(prefix + "password"));
prop.put("driverClassName", env.getProperty(prefix + "driverClassName", ""));
prop.put("initialSize", env.getProperty(prefix + "initialSize", Integer.class));
prop.put("maxActive", env.getProperty(prefix + "maxActive", Integer.class));
prop.put("minIdle", env.getProperty(prefix + "minIdle", Integer.class));
prop.put("maxWait", env.getProperty(prefix + "maxWait", Integer.class));
prop.put("poolPreparedStatements", env.getProperty(prefix + "poolPreparedStatements", Boolean.class));
prop.put("maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize",
env.getProperty(prefix + "maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize", Integer.class));
prop.put("maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize",
env.getProperty(prefix + "maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize", Integer.class));
prop.put("validationQuery", env.getProperty(prefix + "validationQuery"));
prop.put("validationQueryTimeout", env.getProperty(prefix + "validationQueryTimeout", Integer.class));
prop.put("testOnBorrow", env.getProperty(prefix + "testOnBorrow", Boolean.class));
prop.put("testOnReturn", env.getProperty(prefix + "testOnReturn", Boolean.class));
prop.put("testWhileIdle", env.getProperty(prefix + "testWhileIdle", Boolean.class));
prop.put("timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis",
env.getProperty(prefix + "timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis", Integer.class));
prop.put("minEvictableIdleTimeMillis", env.getProperty(prefix + "minEvictableIdleTimeMillis", Integer.class));
prop.put("filters", env.getProperty(prefix + "filters"));

return prop;
}
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean druidServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
//控制臺管理用戶,加入下面2行 進入druid後臺就需要登錄
//servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginUsername", "admin");
//servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginPassword", "admin");
return servletRegistrationBean;
}
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean(){
FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
filterRegistrationBean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
filterRegistrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/*");
filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("exclusions", "*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*");
filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("profileEnable", "true");
return filterRegistrationBean;
}
@Bean
public StatFilter statFilter(){
StatFilter statFilter = new StatFilter();
statFilter.setLogSlowSql(true); //slowSqlMillis用來配置SQL慢的標準,執行時間超過slowSqlMillis的就是慢。
statFilter.setMergeSql(true); //SQL合並配置
statFilter.setSlowSqlMillis(1000);//slowSqlMillis的缺省值為3000,也就是3秒。
return statFilter;
}
@Bean
public WallFilter wallFilter(){
WallFilter wallFilter = new WallFilter();
//允許執行多條SQL
WallConfig config = new WallConfig();
config.setMultiStatementAllow(true);
wallFilter.setConfig(config);
return wallFilter;
}

}

四、配置數據源對應的sqlSessionFactory

分別配置每個數據源對應的sqlSessionFactory,以及MapperScan掃描的包

MybatisDatasourceConfig.java

package com.zjt.config;
import com.zjt.util.MyMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
/**
*
* @description
*/
@Configuration
// 精確到 mapper 目錄,以便跟其他數據源隔離
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.zjt.mapper", markerInterface = MyMapper.class, sqlSessionFactoryRef = "sqlSessionFactory")
public class MybatisDatasourceConfig {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("systemDataSource")
private DataSource ds;
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
factoryBean.setDataSource(ds);
//指定mapper xml目錄
ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
factoryBean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources("classpath:mapper/*.xml"));
return factoryBean.getObject();
}
@Bean
public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate() throws Exception {
SqlSessionTemplate template = new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory()); // 使用上面配置的Factory
return template;
}

//關於事務管理器,不管是JPA還是JDBC等都實現自接口 PlatformTransactionManager
// 如果你添加的是 spring-boot-starter-jdbc 依賴,框架會默認註入 DataSourceTransactionManager 實例。
//在Spring容器中,我們手工註解@Bean 將被優先加載,框架不會重新實例化其他的 PlatformTransactionManager 實現類。
/*@Bean(name = "transactionManager")
@Primary
public DataSourceTransactionManager masterTransactionManager() {
//MyBatis自動參與到spring事務管理中,無需額外配置,隻要org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean引用的數據源
// 與DataSourceTransactionManager引用的數據源一致即可,否則事務管理會不起作用。
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(ds);
}*/
}

MybatisDatasource2Config.java

package com.zjt.config;
import com.zjt.util.MyMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
/**
*
* @description
*/
@Configuration
// 精確到 mapper 目錄,以便跟其他數據源隔離
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.zjt.mapper2", markerInterface = MyMapper.class, sqlSessionFactoryRef = "sqlSessionFactory2")
public class MybatisDatasource2Config {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("businessDataSource")
private DataSource ds;
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory2() throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
factoryBean.setDataSource(ds);
//指定mapper xml目錄
ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
factoryBean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources("classpath:mapper2/*.xml"));
return factoryBean.getObject();

}
@Bean
public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate2() throws Exception {
SqlSessionTemplate template = new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory2()); // 使用上面配置的Factory
return template;
}
//關於事務管理器,不管是JPA還是JDBC等都實現自接口 PlatformTransactionManager
// 如果你添加的是 spring-boot-starter-jdbc 依賴,框架會默認註入 DataSourceTransactionManager 實例。
//在Spring容器中,我們手工註解@Bean 將被優先加載,框架不會重新實例化其他的 PlatformTransactionManager 實現類。
/*@Bean(name = "transactionManager2")
@Primary
public DataSourceTransactionManager masterTransactionManager() {
//MyBatis自動參與到spring事務管理中,無需額外配置,隻要org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean引用的數據源
// 與DataSourceTransactionManager引用的數據源一致即可,否則事務管理會不起作用。
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(ds);
}*/
}

由於我們本例中隻使用一個事務管理器:xatx,故就不在使用​​TxAdviceInterceptor.java​​和​​TxAdvice2Interceptor.java​​中配置的事務管理器瞭;有需求的童鞋可以自己配置其他的事務管理器;(見DruidConfig.java中查看)

五、測試接口

新建分佈式業務測試接口JtaTestService.java和實現類JtaTestServiceImpl.java

其實就是一個很簡單的test01()方法,在該方法中我們分別先後調用​​classService.saveOrUpdateTClass(tClass);​​和​​teacherService.saveOrUpdateTeacher(teacher);​

實現先後操作兩個數據源:然後我們可以自己debug跟蹤事務的提交時機,此外,也可以在在兩個方法全執行結束之後,手動制造一個運行時異常,來檢查分佈式事務是否全部回滾;

註意:

在實現類的方法中我使用的是:

@Transactional(transactionManager = "xatx", propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, rollbackFor = { java.lang.RuntimeException.class })從而指定瞭使用哪個事務管理器,事務隔離級別(一般都用我這個默認的),回滾的條件(一般可以使用Exception),這三個可以自己根據業務實際修改;
package com.zjt.service3;
import java.util.Map;
public interface JtaTestService {
public Map<String,Object> test01();
}
package com.zjt.service3.impl;

import com.zjt.entity.TClass;
import com.zjt.entity.Teacher;
import com.zjt.service.TClassService;
import com.zjt.service2.TeacherService;
import com.zjt.service3.JtaTestService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Service("jtaTestServiceImpl")
public class JtaTestServiceImpl implements JtaTestService{

@Autowired
@Qualifier("teacherServiceImpl")
private TeacherService teacherService;
@Autowired
@Qualifier("tclassServiceImpl")
private TClassService tclassService;
@Override
@Transactional(transactionManager = "xatx", propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, rollbackFor = { java.lang.RuntimeException.class })
public Map<String, Object> test01() {
LinkedHashMap<String,Object> resultMap=new LinkedHashMap<String,Object>();
TClass tClass=new TClass();
tClass.setName("8888");
tclassService.saveOrUpdateTClass(tClass);
Teacher teacher=new Teacher();
teacher.setName("8888");
teacherService.saveOrUpdateTeacher(teacher);
System.out.println(1/0);
resultMap.put("state","success");
resultMap.put("message","分佈式事務同步成功");
return resultMap;
}
}

六、建立JtaTestContoller.java

建立JtaTestContoller.java,接受一個來自前端的http請求,觸發JtaTestService 的test01方法

package com.zjt.web;
import com.zjt.service3.JtaTestService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/jtaTest")
public class JtaTestContoller {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("jtaTestServiceImpl")
private JtaTestService taTestService;
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/test01")
public Map<String,Object> test01(){
LinkedHashMap<String,Object> resultMap=new LinkedHashMap<String,Object>();
try {
return taTestService.test01();
}catch (Exception e){
resultMap.put("state","fail");
resultMap.put("message","分佈式事務同步失敗");
return resultMap;
}
}
}

七、在test.ftl中增加一個按鈕來測試

//分佈式事務測試
$("#JTATest").click(function(){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "${basePath!}/jtaTest/test01",
data: {} ,
async: false,
error: function (request) {
layer.alert("與服務器連接失敗/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~");
return false;
},
success: function (data) {
if (data.state == 'fail') {
layer.alert(data.message);
return false;
}else if(data.state == 'success'){
layer.alert(data.message);
}
}
});
});
<button class="layui-btn" id="JTATest">同時向班級和老師表插入名為8888的班級和老師</button>

八、啟動服務,驗證結果

點擊這個按鈕,跳轉到controller:

當正常執行瞭sql語句之後,我們可以發現數據庫並沒有變化,因為整個方法的事務還沒有走完,當我們走到1/0這步時:

拋出運行時異常,並被spring事務攔截器攔截,並捕獲異常:

在​​this.completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, var16);​​方法中會將事務全部回滾:

22:09:04.243 logback [http-nio-8080-exec-5] INFO c.a.i.imp.CompositeTransactionImp – rollback() done of transaction 192.168.1.103.tm0000400006

此時,當我們再次打開數據庫驗證,依舊沒有變化,證明分佈式事務配置成功;

大傢可以基於我的代碼自己練習一下,自己嘗試著使用多事務管理器的情況下的靈活配置;

到此這篇關於java SpringBoot 分佈式事務的解決方案(JTA+Atomic+多數據源)的文章就介紹到這瞭,更多相關java SpringBoot 分佈式事務 內容請搜索WalkonNet以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大傢以後多多支持WalkonNet!

推薦閱讀: