JavaScript數組對象高階函數reduce的妙用詳解
reduce 是 JavaScript 數組對象上的一個高階函數
它可以用來迭代數組中的所有元素,並返回一個單一的值。
其常用的語法為: array.reduce(callback[, initialValue])
其中,callback 是一個回調函數,它接受四個參數:累加器(初始值或上一次回調函數的返回值)、當前元素、當前索引、操作的數組本身。initialValue 是一個可選的初始值,如果提供瞭該值,則作為累加器的初始值,否則累加器的初始值為數組的第一個元素。 reduce 函數會從數組的第一個元素開始,依次對數組中的每個元素執行回調函數。回調函數的返回值將成為下一次回調函數的第一個參數(累加器)。最後,reduce 函數返回最終的累加結果。 以下是一個簡單的 reduce 示例,用於計算數組中所有元素的和:
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; const sum = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator + currentValue); console.log(sum); // 15
在上面的代碼中,reduce 函數從數組的第一個元素開始,計算累加值,返回最終的累加結果 15。 除瞭數組的求和,reduce 函數還可以用於其他各種用途,如數組求平均數、最大值、最小值等。此外,reduce 函數還可以與 map、filter、forEach 等函數組合使用,實現更加復雜的數據操作。
當然,以下是一些 reduce 的實際應用案例,幫助你更好地理解它的用法:
計算數組的平均數
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; const average = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue, index, array) => { accumulator += currentValue; if (index === array.length - 1) { return accumulator / array.length; } else { return accumulator; } }); console.log(average); // 3
求數組的最大值
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; const max = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => Math.max(accumulator, currentValue)); console.log(max); // 5
求數組的最小值
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; const min = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => Math.min(accumulator, currentValue)); console.log(min); // 1
數組去重
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5]; const uniqueArr = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => { if (!accumulator.includes(currentValue)) { accumulator.push(currentValue); } return accumulator; }, []); console.log(uniqueArr); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
計算數組中每個元素出現的次數
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5]; const countMap = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => { if (!accumulator[currentValue]) { accumulator[currentValue] = 1; } else { accumulator[currentValue]++; } return accumulator; }, {}); console.log(countMap); // {1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 2, 5: 1}
實現數組分組
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; const result = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => { if (currentValue % 2 === 0) { accumulator.even.push(currentValue); } else { accumulator.odd.push(currentValue); } return accumulator; }, { even: [], odd: [] }); console.log(result); // {even: [2, 4], odd: [1, 3, 5]}
計算數組中連續遞增數字的長度
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]; const result = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue, index, array) => { if (index === 0 || currentValue !== array[index - 1] + 1) { accumulator.push([currentValue]); } else { accumulator[accumulator.length - 1].push(currentValue); } return accumulator; }, []); const maxLength = result.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => Math.max(accumulator, currentValue.length), 0); console.log(maxLength); // 5
計算對象數組的屬性總和
const arr = [ { name: 'Alice', age: 25 }, { name: 'Bob', age: 30 }, { name: 'Charlie', age: 35 }, ]; const result = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator + currentValue.age, 0); console.log(result); // 90
將對象數組轉換為鍵值對對象
const arr = [ { name: 'Alice', age: 25 }, { name: 'Bob', age: 30 }, { name: 'Charlie', age: 35 }, ]; const result = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => { accumulator[currentValue.name] = currentValue.age; return accumulator; }, {}); console.log(result); // {Alice: 25, Bob: 30, Charlie: 35}
計算數組中出現次數最多的元素
const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6]; const result = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => { accumulator[currentValue] = (accumulator[currentValue] || 0) + 1; return accumulator; }, {}); const maxCount = Math.max(...Object.values(result)); const mostFrequent = Object.keys(result).filter(key => result[key] === maxCount).map(Number); console.log(mostFrequent); // [6]
實現 Promise 串行執行
const promise1 = () => Promise.resolve('one'); const promise2 = (input) => Promise.resolve(input + ' two'); const promise3 = (input) => Promise.resolve(input + ' three'); const promises = [promise1, promise2, promise3]; const result = promises.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => { return accumulator.then(currentValue); }, Promise.resolve('start')); result.then(console.log); // 'one two three'
對象屬性值求和
const obj = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }; const result = Object.values(obj).reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator + currentValue); console.log(result); // 6
按屬性對數組分組
const arr = [ { id: 1, name: 'John' }, { id: 2, name: 'Mary' }, { id: 3, name: 'Bob' }, { id: 4, name: 'Mary' } ]; const result = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => { const key = currentValue.name; if (!accumulator[key]) { accumulator[key] = []; } accumulator[key].push(currentValue); return accumulator; }, {}); console.log(result); /* { John: [{ id: 1, name: 'John' }], Mary: [ { id: 2, name: 'Mary' }, { id: 4, name: 'Mary' } ], Bob: [{ id: 3, name: 'Bob' }] } */
扁平化數組
// 如果你有一個嵌套的數組,可以使用reduce將其扁平化成一個一維數組。例如: const nestedArray = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]; const flattenedArray = nestedArray.reduce((acc, curr) => acc.concat(curr), []); console.log(flattenedArray); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
合並對象
// 可以使用reduce將多個對象合並成一個對象。例如: const obj1 = { a: 1, b: 2 }; const obj2 = { c: 3, d: 4 }; const obj3 = { e: 5, f: 6 }; const mergedObj = [obj1, obj2, obj3].reduce((acc, curr) => Object.assign(acc, curr), {}); console.log(mergedObj); // {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4, e: 5, f: 6}
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