JavaScript數組對象高階函數reduce的妙用詳解

reduce 是 JavaScript 數組對象上的一個高階函數

它可以用來迭代數組中的所有元素,並返回一個單一的值。

其常用的語法為: array.reduce(callback[, initialValue])

其中,callback 是一個回調函數,它接受四個參數:累加器(初始值或上一次回調函數的返回值)、當前元素、當前索引、操作的數組本身。initialValue 是一個可選的初始值,如果提供瞭該值,則作為累加器的初始值,否則累加器的初始值為數組的第一個元素。 reduce 函數會從數組的第一個元素開始,依次對數組中的每個元素執行回調函數。回調函數的返回值將成為下一次回調函數的第一個參數(累加器)。最後,reduce 函數返回最終的累加結果。 以下是一個簡單的 reduce 示例,用於計算數組中所有元素的和:

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const sum = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator + currentValue);
console.log(sum); // 15

在上面的代碼中,reduce 函數從數組的第一個元素開始,計算累加值,返回最終的累加結果 15。 除瞭數組的求和,reduce 函數還可以用於其他各種用途,如數組求平均數、最大值、最小值等。此外,reduce 函數還可以與 map、filter、forEach 等函數組合使用,實現更加復雜的數據操作。

當然,以下是一些 reduce 的實際應用案例,幫助你更好地理解它的用法:

計算數組的平均數

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const average = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue, index, array) => {
  accumulator += currentValue;
  if (index === array.length - 1) {
    return accumulator / array.length;
  } else {
    return accumulator;
  }
});
console.log(average); // 3

求數組的最大值

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const max = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => Math.max(accumulator, currentValue));
console.log(max); // 5

求數組的最小值

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const min = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => Math.min(accumulator, currentValue));
console.log(min); // 1

數組去重

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5];
const uniqueArr = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => {
  if (!accumulator.includes(currentValue)) {
    accumulator.push(currentValue);
  }
  return accumulator;
}, []);
console.log(uniqueArr); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

計算數組中每個元素出現的次數

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5];
const countMap = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => {
  if (!accumulator[currentValue]) {
    accumulator[currentValue] = 1;
  } else {
    accumulator[currentValue]++;
  }
  return accumulator;
}, {});
console.log(countMap); // {1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 2, 5: 1}

實現數組分組

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const result = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => {
  if (currentValue % 2 === 0) {
    accumulator.even.push(currentValue);
  } else {
    accumulator.odd.push(currentValue);
  }
  return accumulator;
}, { even: [], odd: [] });
console.log(result); // {even: [2, 4], odd: [1, 3, 5]}

計算數組中連續遞增數字的長度

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
const result = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue, index, array) => {
  if (index === 0 || currentValue !== array[index - 1] + 1) {
    accumulator.push([currentValue]);
  } else {
    accumulator[accumulator.length - 1].push(currentValue);
  }
  return accumulator;
}, []);
const maxLength = result.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => Math.max(accumulator, currentValue.length), 0);
console.log(maxLength); // 5

計算對象數組的屬性總和

const arr = [
  { name: 'Alice', age: 25 },
  { name: 'Bob', age: 30 },
  { name: 'Charlie', age: 35 },
];
const result = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator + currentValue.age, 0);
console.log(result); // 90

將對象數組轉換為鍵值對對象

const arr = [
  { name: 'Alice', age: 25 },
  { name: 'Bob', age: 30 },
  { name: 'Charlie', age: 35 },
];
const result = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => {
  accumulator[currentValue.name] = currentValue.age;
  return accumulator;
}, {});
console.log(result); // {Alice: 25, Bob: 30, Charlie: 35}

計算數組中出現次數最多的元素

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6];
const result = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => {
  accumulator[currentValue] = (accumulator[currentValue] || 0) + 1;
  return accumulator;
}, {});
const maxCount = Math.max(...Object.values(result));
const mostFrequent = Object.keys(result).filter(key => result[key] === maxCount).map(Number);
console.log(mostFrequent); // [6]

實現 Promise 串行執行

const promise1 = () => Promise.resolve('one');
const promise2 = (input) => Promise.resolve(input + ' two');
const promise3 = (input) => Promise.resolve(input + ' three');
const promises = [promise1, promise2, promise3];
const result = promises.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => {
  return accumulator.then(currentValue);
}, Promise.resolve('start'));
result.then(console.log); // 'one two three'

對象屬性值求和

const obj = {
  a: 1,
  b: 2,
  c: 3
};
const result = Object.values(obj).reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator + currentValue);
console.log(result); // 6

按屬性對數組分組

const arr = [
  { id: 1, name: 'John' },
  { id: 2, name: 'Mary' },
  { id: 3, name: 'Bob' },
  { id: 4, name: 'Mary' }
];
const result = arr.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => {
  const key = currentValue.name;
  if (!accumulator[key]) {
    accumulator[key] = [];
  }
  accumulator[key].push(currentValue);
  return accumulator;
}, {});
console.log(result);
/*
{
  John: [{ id: 1, name: 'John' }],
  Mary: [
    { id: 2, name: 'Mary' },
    { id: 4, name: 'Mary' }
  ],
  Bob: [{ id: 3, name: 'Bob' }]
}
*/

扁平化數組

// 如果你有一個嵌套的數組,可以使用reduce將其扁平化成一個一維數組。例如:
const nestedArray = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]];
const flattenedArray = nestedArray.reduce((acc, curr) => acc.concat(curr), []);
console.log(flattenedArray); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

合並對象

// 可以使用reduce將多個對象合並成一個對象。例如:
const obj1 = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const obj2 = { c: 3, d: 4 };
const obj3 = { e: 5, f: 6 };
const mergedObj = [obj1, obj2, obj3].reduce((acc, curr) => Object.assign(acc, curr), {});
console.log(mergedObj); // {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4, e: 5, f: 6}

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