Java並發編程之代碼實現兩玩傢交換裝備

1 Exchanger 是什麼

JDK 1.5 開始 JUC 包下提供的 Exchanger 類可用於兩個線程之間交換信息。Exchanger 對象可理解為一個包含2個格子的容器,通過調用 exchanger 方法向其中的格子填充信息,當兩個格子中的均被填充信息時,自動交換兩個格子中的信息,然後將交換的信息返回給調用線程,從而實現兩個線程的信息交換。

功能看似簡單,但這在某些場景下是很有用處的,例如遊戲中兩個玩傢交換裝備;交友軟件男女心儀對象匹配。

下面簡單模擬下兩個玩傢交換裝備的場景。

package com.chenpi;
import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
/**
 * @Description
 * @Author 陳皮
 * @Date 2021/7/11
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class ChenPiMain {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    Exchanger<String> exchanger = new Exchanger<>();
    new Thread(() -> {
      String str = null;
      try {
        str = exchanger.exchange("屠龍刀");
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.out.println("交易成功," + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "獲得" + str);
    }, "周芷若").start();
    new Thread(() -> {
      String str = null;
      try {
        str = exchanger.exchange("倚天劍");
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.out.println("交易成功," + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "獲得" + str);
    }, "張無忌").start();
  }
}

// 輸出結果如下
交易成功,張無忌獲得屠龍刀
交易成功,周芷若獲得倚天劍

2 Exchanger 詳解

Exchager 類可用於兩個線程之間交換信息,如果一個線程調用瞭 Exchanger 對象的 exchange 方法之後,會一直阻塞直到另一個線程來和它交換信息,交換之後的信息返回給調用線程,從而實現兩個線程的信息交換。

Exchager 底層也是使用到瞭自旋和 cas 機制。

註意,如果超過兩個線程調用同一個 Exchanger 對象 exchange 方法時,結果是不可預計的,隻要有2個線程滿足條件瞭,就認為匹配成功並交換信息。而剩下的未能得到配對的線程,則會被阻塞一直等待直到有另一個線程能與它匹配與之配對。

package com.chenpi;
import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
/**
 * @Description
 * @Author 陳皮
 * @Date 2021/7/11
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class ChenPiMain {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Exchanger<String> exchanger = new Exchanger<>();
    new Thread(() -> {
      String str = null;
      try {
        str = exchanger.exchange("屠龍刀");
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.out.println("交易成功," + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "獲得" + str);
    }, "周芷若").start();
    new Thread(() -> {
      String str = null;
      try {
        str = exchanger.exchange("倚天劍");
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.out.println("交易成功," + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "獲得" + str);
    }, "張無忌").start();
    new Thread(() -> {
      String str = null;
      try {
        str = exchanger.exchange("假的倚天劍");
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.out.println("交易成功," + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "獲得" + str);
    }, "成昆").start();
  }
}

// 輸出結果如下
交易成功,周芷若獲得假的倚天劍
交易成功,成昆獲得屠龍刀

當然,在等待交換信息的線程是可以被中斷的,就比如玩傢在等待交易過程中,突然玩傢下線瞭,那就應該中斷線程等待。

package com.chenpi;
import java.lang.Thread.State;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
/**
 * @Description
 * @Author 陳皮
 * @Date 2021/7/11
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class ChenPiMain {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    Exchanger<String> exchanger = new Exchanger<>();
    List<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<>(3);
    Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
      String str = null;
      try {
        str = exchanger.exchange("屠龍刀");
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.out.println("交易成功," + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "獲得" + str);
    }, "周芷若");
    threads.add(thread1);
    Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
      String str = null;
      try {
        str = exchanger.exchange("倚天劍");
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.out.println("交易成功," + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "獲得" + str);
    }, "張無忌");
    threads.add(thread2);
    Thread thread3 = new Thread(() -> {
      String str = null;
      try {
        str = exchanger.exchange("假的屠龍刀");
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.out.println("交易成功," + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "獲得" + str);
    }, "成昆");
    threads.add(thread3);
    for (Thread thread : threads) {
      thread.start();
    }
    // 等待5秒
    Thread.sleep(5000);
    for (Thread thread : threads) {
      System.out.println(thread.getName() + ":" + thread.getState());
      // 如果還在阻塞等待則中斷線程
      if (thread.getState() == State.WAITING) {
        thread.interrupt();
      }
    }
  }
}

// 輸出結果如下
交易成功,張無忌獲得屠龍刀
交易成功,周芷若獲得倚天劍
周芷若:TERMINATED
張無忌:TERMINATED
成昆:WAITING
交易成功,成昆獲得null
java.lang.InterruptedException
at java.util.concurrent.Exchanger.exchange(Exchanger.java:568)
at com.chenpi.ChenPiMain.lambda$main$2(ChenPiMain.java:47)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

上面演示的是線程如果等不到另一個線程和它交換信息,則會一直等待下去。其實 Exchanger 還可以設置等待指定時間。比如系統設置玩傢交換裝備匹配時間為60秒,如果超出時間則終止交易。

package com.chenpi;
import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
 * @Description
 * @Author 陳皮
 * @Date 2021/7/11
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class ChenPiMain {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Exchanger<String> exchanger = new Exchanger<>();
    new Thread(() -> {
      try {
        // 超時時間設置為5秒
        String str = exchanger.exchange("屠龍刀", 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        System.out.println("交易成功," + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "獲得" + str);
      } catch (TimeoutException e) {
        System.out.println("交易超時!");
        e.printStackTrace();
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        System.out.println("交易異常終止");
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }, "周芷若").start();
  }
}

// 輸出結果如下
交易超時!
java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
at java.util.concurrent.Exchanger.exchange(Exchanger.java:626)
at com.chenpi.ChenPiMain.lambda$main$0(ChenPiMain.java:22)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

3 Exchanger 應用

Exchager 在遺傳算法和管道設計等應用中是非常有用的。比如兩個線程之間交換緩沖區,填充緩沖區的線程在需要時從另一個線程獲得一個剛清空的緩沖區,並將填充的緩沖區傳遞給清空緩沖區的線程。

package com.chenpi;
import java.awt.image.DataBuffer;
import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
/**
 * @Description
 * @Author 陳皮
 * @Date 2021/7/11
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class ChenPiMain {
  Exchanger<DataBuffer> exchanger = new Exchanger<DataBuffer>();
  DataBuffer initialEmptyBuffer = ... a made-up type
  DataBuffer initialFullBuffer = ...
  class FillingLoop implements Runnable {
    public void run() {
      DataBuffer currentBuffer = initialEmptyBuffer;
      try {
        while (currentBuffer != null) {
          addToBuffer(currentBuffer);
          if (currentBuffer.isFull()) {
            currentBuffer = exchanger.exchange(currentBuffer);
          }
        }
      } catch (InterruptedException ex) { ...handle ...}
    }
  }
  class EmptyingLoop implements Runnable {
    public void run() {
      DataBuffer currentBuffer = initialFullBuffer;
      try {
        while (currentBuffer != null) {
          takeFromBuffer(currentBuffer);
          if (currentBuffer.isEmpty()) {
            currentBuffer = exchanger.exchange(currentBuffer);
          }
        }
      } catch (InterruptedException ex) { ...handle ...}
    }
  }
  void start() {
    new Thread(new FillingLoop()).start();
    new Thread(new EmptyingLoop()).start();
  }
}

總結

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