java高並發之線程組詳解

線程組

我們可以把線程歸屬到某個線程組中,線程組可以包含多個線程以及線程組,線程和線程組組成瞭父子關系,是個樹形結構,如下圖:

640?wx_fmt=png

使用線程組可以方便管理線程,線程組提供瞭一些方法方便方便我們管理線程。

創建線程關聯線程組

創建線程的時候,可以給線程指定一個線程組,代碼如下:

package com.itsoku.chat02;	
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;	
/**	
 * <b>description</b>:<br>	
 * <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br>	
 * <b>author</b>:微信公眾號:路人甲Java,專註於java技術分享(帶你玩轉 爬蟲、分佈式事務、異步消息服務、任務調度、分庫分表、大數據等),喜歡請關註!	
 */	
public class Demo1 {	
    public static class R1 implements Runnable {	
        @Override	
        public void run() {	
            System.out.println("threadName:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());	
            try {	
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);	
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {	
                e.printStackTrace();	
            }	
        }	
    }	
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {	
        ThreadGroup threadGroup = new ThreadGroup("thread-group-1");	
        Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup, new R1(), "t1");	
        Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup, new R1(), "t2");	
        t1.start();	
        t2.start();	
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);	
        System.out.println("活動線程數:" + threadGroup.activeCount());	
        System.out.println("活動線程組:" + threadGroup.activeGroupCount());	
        System.out.println("線程組名稱:" + threadGroup.getName());	
    }	
}

輸出結果:

threadName:t1
threadName:t2
活動線程數:2
活動線程組:0
線程組名稱:thread-group-1

activeCount()方法可以返回線程組中的所有活動線程數,包含下面的所有子孫節點的線程,由於線程組中的線程是動態變化的,這個值隻能是一個估算值。

為線程組指定父線程組

創建線程組的時候,可以給其指定一個父線程組,也可以不指定,如果不指定父線程組,則父線程組為當前線程的線程組,java api有2個常用的構造方法用來創建線程組:

public ThreadGroup(String name) 	
public ThreadGroup(ThreadGroup parent, String name)

第一個構造方法未指定父線程組,看一下內部的實現:

public ThreadGroup(String name) {	
        this(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(), name);	
    }

系統自動獲取當前線程的線程組作為默認父線程組。

上一段示例代碼:

package com.itsoku.chat02;	
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;	
/**	
 * <b>description</b>:<br>	
 * <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br>	
 * <b>author</b>:微信公眾號:路人甲Java,專註於java技術分享(帶你玩轉 爬蟲、分佈式事務、異步消息服務、任務調度、分庫分表、大數據等),喜歡請關註!	
 */	
public class Demo2 {	
    public static class R1 implements Runnable {	
        @Override	
        public void run() {	
            Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();	
            System.out.println("所屬線程組:" + thread.getThreadGroup().getName() + ",線程名稱:" + thread.getName());	
            try {	
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);	
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {	
                e.printStackTrace();	
            }	
        }	
    }	
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {	
        ThreadGroup threadGroup1 = new ThreadGroup("thread-group-1");	
        Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t1");	
        Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t2");	
        t1.start();	
        t2.start();	
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);	
        System.out.println("threadGroup1活動線程數:" + threadGroup1.activeCount());	
        System.out.println("threadGroup1活動線程組:" + threadGroup1.activeGroupCount());	
        System.out.println("threadGroup1線程組名稱:" + threadGroup1.getName());	
        System.out.println("threadGroup1父線程組名稱:" + threadGroup1.getParent().getName());	
        System.out.println("----------------------");	
        ThreadGroup threadGroup2 = new ThreadGroup(threadGroup1, "thread-group-2");	
        Thread t3 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t3");	
        Thread t4 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t4");	
        t3.start();	
        t4.start();	
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);	
        System.out.println("threadGroup2活動線程數:" + threadGroup2.activeCount());	
        System.out.println("threadGroup2活動線程組:" + threadGroup2.activeGroupCount());	
        System.out.println("threadGroup2線程組名稱:" + threadGroup2.getName());	
        System.out.println("threadGroup2父線程組名稱:" + threadGroup2.getParent().getName());	
        System.out.println("----------------------");	
        System.out.println("threadGroup1活動線程數:" + threadGroup1.activeCount());	
        System.out.println("threadGroup1活動線程組:" + threadGroup1.activeGroupCount());	
        System.out.println("----------------------");	
        threadGroup1.list();	
    }	
}

輸出結果:

所屬線程組:thread-group-1,線程名稱:t1
所屬線程組:thread-group-1,線程名稱:t2
threadGroup1活動線程數:2
threadGroup1活動線程組:0
threadGroup1線程組名稱:thread-group-1
threadGroup1父線程組名稱:main
———————-
所屬線程組:thread-group-2,線程名稱:t4
所屬線程組:thread-group-2,線程名稱:t3
threadGroup2活動線程數:2
threadGroup2活動線程組:0
threadGroup2線程組名稱:thread-group-2
threadGroup2父線程組名稱:thread-group-1
———————-
threadGroup1活動線程數:4
threadGroup1活動線程組:1
———————-
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]
Thread[t1,5,thread-group-1]
Thread[t2,5,thread-group-1]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]
Thread[t3,5,thread-group-2]
Thread[t4,5,thread-group-2]

代碼解釋:

1.threadGroup1未指定父線程組,系統獲取瞭主線程的線程組作為threadGroup1的父線程組,輸出結果中是:main

2.threadGroup1為threadGroup2的父線程組

3.threadGroup1活動線程數為4,包含瞭threadGroup1線程組中的t1、t2,以及子線程組threadGroup2中的t3、t4

4.線程組的list()方法,將線程組中的所有子孫節點信息輸出到控制臺,用於調試使用

根線程組

獲取根線程組

package com.itsoku.chat02;	
/**	
 * <b>description</b>:<br>	
 * <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br>	
 * <b>author</b>:微信公眾號:路人甲Java,專註於java技術分享(帶你玩轉 爬蟲、分佈式事務、異步消息服務、任務調度、分庫分表、大數據等),喜歡請關註!	
 */	
public class Demo3 {	
    public static void main(String[] args) {	
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());	
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup());	
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getParent());	
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getParent().getParent());	
    }	
}

運行上面代碼,輸出:

Thread[main,5,main]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=main,maxpri=10]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=system,maxpri=10]
null

從上面代碼可以看出:

1.主線程的線程組為main

2.根線程組為system

看一下ThreadGroup的源碼:

private ThreadGroup() {     // called from C code	
        this.name = "system";	
        this.maxPriority = Thread.MAX_PRIORITY;	
        this.parent = null;	
    }

發現ThreadGroup默認構造方法是private的,是由c調用的,創建的正是system線程組。

批量停止線程

調用線程組interrupt(),會將線程組樹下的所有子孫線程中斷標志置為true,可以用來批量中斷線程。

示例代碼:

package com.itsoku.chat02;	
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;	
/**	
 * <b>description</b>:<br>	
 * <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br>	
 * <b>author</b>:微信公眾號:路人甲Java,專註於java技術分享(帶你玩轉 爬蟲、分佈式事務、異步消息服務、任務調度、分庫分表、大數據等),喜歡請關註!	
 */	
public class Demo4 {	
    public static class R1 implements Runnable {	
        @Override	
        public void run() {	
            Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();	
            System.out.println("所屬線程組:" + thread.getThreadGroup().getName() + ",線程名稱:" + thread.getName());	
            while (!thread.isInterrupted()) {	
                ;	
            }	
            System.out.println("線程:" + thread.getName() + "停止瞭!");	
        }	
    }	
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {	
        ThreadGroup threadGroup1 = new ThreadGroup("thread-group-1");	
        Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t1");	
        Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t2");	
        t1.start();	
        t2.start();	
        ThreadGroup threadGroup2 = new ThreadGroup(threadGroup1, "thread-group-2");	
        Thread t3 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t3");	
        Thread t4 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t4");	
        t3.start();	
        t4.start();	
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);	
        System.out.println("-----------threadGroup1信息-----------");	
        threadGroup1.list();	
        System.out.println("----------------------");	
        System.out.println("停止線程組:" + threadGroup1.getName() + "中的所有子孫線程");	
        threadGroup1.interrupt();	
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);	
        System.out.println("----------threadGroup1停止後,輸出信息------------");	
        threadGroup1.list();	
    }	
}

輸出:

所屬線程組:thread-group-1,線程名稱:t1
所屬線程組:thread-group-1,線程名稱:t2
所屬線程組:thread-group-2,線程名稱:t3
所屬線程組:thread-group-2,線程名稱:t4
———–threadGroup1信息———–
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]
Thread[t1,5,thread-group-1]
Thread[t2,5,thread-group-1]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]
Thread[t3,5,thread-group-2]
Thread[t4,5,thread-group-2]
———————-
停止線程組:thread-group-1中的所有子孫線程
線程:t4停止瞭!
線程:t2停止瞭!
線程:t1停止瞭!
線程:t3停止瞭!
———-threadGroup1停止後,輸出信息————
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]

停止線程之後,通過list()方法可以看出輸出的信息中不包含已結束的線程瞭。

總結

本篇文章就到這裡瞭,希望能夠給你帶來幫助,也希望您能夠多多關註WalkonNet的更多內容!

推薦閱讀: