對spring task和線程池的深入研究
spring task和線程池的研究
最近因工作需求,研究瞭一下spring task定時任務,和線程池,有瞭一定收獲,記錄一下
涉及如下內容
1、如何實現spring task定時任務的配置
2、task裡面的一個job方法如何使用多線程,配置線程池
如何配置等待子線程結束後,再結束主線程
1、如何實現spring task定時任務的配置
因工作需要,需要定時執行一個方法,通過相關比較後,發現spring自帶的task 可以滿足,配置簡單
步驟
1)增加配置文件 ,在applicationContext-cfg.xml 主配置文件裡面添加 相關task標簽
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd">
2)編寫bean類和執行方法
編寫jobService類,裡面實現testjobThread方法,調用的spring註入過的action、service方法
@Component("jobService") public class jobService { private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(jobService.class); @Autowired private ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor; final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(3); /** * @Title: DZFP_job * @Description:開票定時任務 */ public void testjobThread() { Date startdate = new Date(); logger.info("DZFP_job_JOB 開始執行任務...,時間 " + startdate); try { DzfpAction.Dzfp_SendAll(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); logger.error(StringUtil.grabExceptionMessage(e)); } Date enddate = new Date(); logger.info("DZFP_job_JOB 任務完成...時間 " + enddate + " 耗時 " + String.valueOf(enddate.getTime() - startdate.getTime()) + "毫秒"); }
3)配置task相關配置文件,在文件applicationContext-cfg.xml 中增加下列內容
pool-size=”5″ 該參數主要解決,多個調度並行的問題,如下圖5個task任務,建議設置3–5個調度
如果配置參數為 1,下面5個task任務會依次執行,如果一個時間超出,後面的任務一直在等待,影響業務
<!-- 定時任務 --> <task:scheduler id="scheduler" pool-size="5" /> <task:scheduled-tasks scheduler="scheduler"> <!-- 每天7點到7點55, 每隔5分鐘執行一次 "0 0/5 7 * * ?"--> <task:scheduled ref="jobService" method="DZFPgetInvoie_job" cron="0 0/30 * * * ?" /> <task:scheduled ref="jobService" method="DZFPgetInvoie_hong_job" cron="0 0/30 * * * ?" /> <task:scheduled ref="jobService" method="testjobThread" cron="0/5 * * * * ?" /> <task:scheduled ref="jobService" method="hzgd_job" cron="0/30 * * * * ?" /> <task:scheduled ref="jobService" method="alipay_pay_job" cron="0/30 * * * * ?" /> </task:scheduled-tasks>
使用以上配置後,啟動項目就可以定時執行testjobThread方法裡面的業務瞭。
2、task裡面的一個job方法如何使用多線程,配置線程池
經過測試,spring task裡面的方法是被串行執行的,比如上面配置的方法 testjobThread方法,5秒執行一次,如果有一個執行過程時間過長,後面的一次調度一直等上次執行結束後,才會啟動下一次調用。
也就是說spring task是會監控 執行方法的主線程,如果主線程未結束的話,下一次就不會執行。
根據業務需求,這個testjobThread裡面的 業務,需要多線程執行 (批量抽取數據)
spring框架裡面,推薦使用線程池
1)配置線程池
在applicationContext-cfg.xml文件中增加配置如下
<!-- spring線程池--> <bean id="taskExecutor" class="org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor"> <!-- 線程池維護線程的最少數量 --> <property name="corePoolSize" value="5" /> <!-- 線程池維護線程所允許的空閑時間,默認為60s --> <property name="keepAliveSeconds" value="200" /> <!-- 線程池維護線程的最大數量 --> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="20" /> <!-- 緩存隊列最大長度 --> <property name="queueCapacity" value="20" /> <!-- 對拒絕task的處理策略 線程池對拒絕任務(無線程可用)的處理策略,目前隻支持AbortPolicy、CallerRunsPolicy;默認為後者--> <property name="rejectedExecutionHandler"> <!-- AbortPolicy:直接拋出java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException異常 --> <!-- CallerRunsPolicy:主線程直接執行該任務,執行完之後嘗試添加下一個任務到線程池中,可以有效降低向線程池內添加任務的速度 --> <!-- DiscardOldestPolicy:拋棄舊的任務、暫不支持;會導致被丟棄的任務無法再次被執行 --> <!-- DiscardPolicy:拋棄當前任務、暫不支持;會導致被丟棄的任務無法再次被執行 --> <bean class="java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$CallerRunsPolicy" /> </property> <property name="waitForTasksToCompleteOnShutdown" value="true" /> </bean>
2)修改業務操作類為thread類,實現run()方法
添加計數器CountDownLatch ,控制子線程結束後,再結束主線程
註意對象實現@Scope(“prototype”),用到瞭成員變量參數
package cn.hao24.action; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import cn.hao24.util.DateUtil; import cn.hao24.util.SpringContextUtils; @Component("testThreadAction") @Scope("prototype") public class testThreadAction extends Thread { /** * spring tash默認是單線程 串行執行,即一個方法執行完成前,後面的job不會執行的 * 但是如果主方法裡面產生瞭thread線程, 主線程如果不等子線程結束後 就結束的話, task任務會產生多次調度 */ private String Treadname; private CountDownLatch latch; public testThreadAction(String Treadname,CountDownLatch latch){ this.Treadname=Treadname; this.latch=latch; } @Override public void run() { try { //主業務方法 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Thread current = Thread.currentThread(); System.out.println("線程號:"+current.getId() +"--"+current.getName()+" --"+Treadname +":---runing--- "+i+"--"+DateUtil.format(new Date(), "yyyyMMddHHmmss") ); Thread.sleep(20000); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ //設置實例 執行完畢 latch.countDown(); } } public void setTreadname(String treadname) { Treadname = treadname; } public void setLatch(CountDownLatch latch) { this.latch = latch; } }
2)修改job調度的方法為多線程,配置3個線程
package cn.hao24.job; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import cn.hao24.action.DzfpAction; import cn.hao24.action.HzgdAction; import cn.hao24.action.KJGOrderjob; import cn.hao24.action.testThreadAction; import cn.hao24.service.ZFBService; import cn.hao24.util.SpringContextUtils; import cn.hao24.util.StringUtil; @Component("jobService") public class jobService { private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(jobService.class); @Autowired private ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor; final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(3); public void testjobThread() { try { CountDownLatch latch=new CountDownLatch(3); //java工具類,類似與計數器,主要實現子線程未結束錢,主線程一直等待 testThreadAction test1 = (testThreadAction)SpringContextUtils.getBean("testThreadAction","test1",latch); testThreadAction test2 = (testThreadAction)SpringContextUtils.getBean("testThreadAction","test2",latch); testThreadAction test3 = (testThreadAction)SpringContextUtils.getBean("testThreadAction","test3",latch); taskExecutor.execute(test1); taskExecutor.execute(test2); taskExecutor.execute(test3); latch.await(); //子線程未結束前,一直等待 //test1.run(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); logger.error(StringUtil.grabExceptionMessage(e)); } } }
執行效果如下:
雖然 testjobThread 5秒執行一次,但是因為使用到瞭 latch.await() latch.countDown();需要等子線程執行完畢,才會進行下一次job
子線程每次循環,會sleep 20秒,從下面結果看,3個線程 每隔20秒才打印一次。符合最終要求
線程號:29–taskExecutor-3 –test3:—runing— 0–20170622145500
線程號:28–taskExecutor-2 –test2:—runing— 0–20170622145500
線程號:27–taskExecutor-1 –test1:—runing— 0–20170622145500
線程號:28–taskExecutor-2 –test2:—runing— 1–20170622145520
線程號:27–taskExecutor-1 –test1:—runing— 1–20170622145520
線程號:29–taskExecutor-3 –test3:—runing— 1–20170622145520
線程號:29–taskExecutor-3 –test3:—runing— 2–20170622145540
線程號:28–taskExecutor-2 –test2:—runing— 2–20170622145540
線程號:27–taskExecutor-1 –test1:—runing— 2–20170622145540
spring 線程池配置
默認線程池ThreadPoolTaskExecutor配置
配置核心參數
直接在application.properties中配置核心參數
spring.task.execution.pool.core-size=8 spring.task.execution.pool.max-size=12 spring.task.execution.pool.keep-alive=60s spring.task.execution.pool.queue-capacity=100000 spring.task.execution.pool.allow-core-thread-timeout=true spring.task.execution.thread-name-prefix=swy-task-
創建JavaBean註入
@Configuration public class ExecutorConfig { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExecutorConfig.class); @Bean public Executor asyncServiceExecutor() { logger.info("start asyncServiceExecutor"); ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor(); //配置核心線程數 executor.setCorePoolSize(5); //配置最大線程數 executor.setMaxPoolSize(6); //配置隊列大小 executor.setQueueCapacity(99999); //配置線程池中的線程的名稱前綴 executor.setThreadNamePrefix("swy-task-"); // rejection-policy:當pool已經達到max size的時候,如何處理新任務 // CALLER_RUNS:不在新線程中執行任務,而是有調用者所在的線程來執行 executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()); //執行初始化 executor.initialize(); return executor; } }
在配置類,或入口類開啟@EnableAsync註解
@SpringBootApplication @EnableAsync public class MultiThreadApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MultiThreadApplication.class, args); } }
在Service層或Controller層的類或方法上添加@Async註解
@Async public void doSomethingAsync(){ logger.info("start executeAsync"); try{ Thread.sleep(5000); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } logger.info("end executeAsync"); }
自定義線程池ThreadPoolTaskExecutor配置
繼承ThreadPoolTaskExecutor創建新線程池類
public class CustomThreadPoolTaskExecutor extends ThreadPoolTaskExecutor { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomThreadPoolTaskExecutor.class); private void showThreadPoolInfo(String prefix){ ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = getThreadPoolExecutor(); if(null==threadPoolExecutor){ return; } logger.info("{}, {},taskCount [{}], completedTaskCount [{}], activeCount [{}], queueSize [{}]", this.getThreadNamePrefix(), prefix, threadPoolExecutor.getTaskCount(), threadPoolExecutor.getCompletedTaskCount(), threadPoolExecutor.getActiveCount(), threadPoolExecutor.getQueue().size()); } @Override public void execute(Runnable task) { showThreadPoolInfo("1. do execute"); super.execute(task); } @Override public void execute(Runnable task, long startTimeout) { showThreadPoolInfo("2. do execute"); super.execute(task, startTimeout); } @Override public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) { showThreadPoolInfo("1. do submit"); return super.submit(task); } @Override public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) { showThreadPoolInfo("2. do submit"); return super.submit(task); } @Override public ListenableFuture<?> submitListenable(Runnable task) { showThreadPoolInfo("1. do submitListenable"); return super.submitListenable(task); } @Override public <T> ListenableFuture<T> submitListenable(Callable<T> task) { showThreadPoolInfo("2. do submitListenable"); return super.submitListenable(task); } }
配置新建線程池類的核心參數
@Configuration public class ExecutorConfig { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExecutorConfig.class); @Bean public Executor asyncServiceExecutor() { logger.info("start asyncServiceExecutor"); ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new CustomThreadPoolTaskExecutor(); //配置核心線程數 executor.setCorePoolSize(5); //配置最大線程數 executor.setMaxPoolSize(8); //配置隊列大小 executor.setQueueCapacity(99999); //配置線程池中的線程的名稱前綴 executor.setThreadNamePrefix("async-service-"); // rejection-policy:當pool已經達到max size的時候,如何處理新任務 // CALLER_RUNS:不在新線程中執行任務,而是有調用者所在的線程來執行 executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()); //執行初始化 executor.initialize(); return executor; } }
在配置類,或入口類開啟@EnableAsync註解
@SpringBootApplication @EnableAsync public class MultiThreadApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MultiThreadApplication.class, args); } }
在Service層或Controller層的類或方法上添加@Async註解,此時需需註意一定要註明Bean方法名稱。
@Async("asyncServiceExecutor") public void doSomethingAsync(){ logger.info("start executeAsync"); try{ Thread.sleep(5000); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } logger.info("end executeAsync"); }
以上為個人經驗,希望能給大傢一個參考,也希望大傢多多支持WalkonNet。
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