對spring task和線程池的深入研究

spring task和線程池的研究

最近因工作需求,研究瞭一下spring task定時任務,和線程池,有瞭一定收獲,記錄一下

涉及如下內容

1、如何實現spring task定時任務的配置

2、task裡面的一個job方法如何使用多線程,配置線程池

如何配置等待子線程結束後,再結束主線程

1、如何實現spring task定時任務的配置

因工作需要,需要定時執行一個方法,通過相關比較後,發現spring自帶的task 可以滿足,配置簡單

步驟

1)增加配置文件 ,在applicationContext-cfg.xml 主配置文件裡面添加 相關task標簽

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee     
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd">

2)編寫bean類和執行方法

編寫jobService類,裡面實現testjobThread方法,調用的spring註入過的action、service方法

@Component("jobService")
public class jobService
{
    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(jobService.class); 
    @Autowired
    private ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor;
    final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(3); 
 
    /** 
    * @Title: DZFP_job 
    * @Description:開票定時任務
    */
    public void testjobThread()
    {
        Date startdate = new Date();
        logger.info("DZFP_job_JOB 開始執行任務...,時間   " + startdate);
        try
        {
            DzfpAction.Dzfp_SendAll();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
            logger.error(StringUtil.grabExceptionMessage(e));
        }
        Date enddate = new Date();
        logger.info("DZFP_job_JOB 任務完成...時間  " + enddate + "   耗時   " + String.valueOf(enddate.getTime() - startdate.getTime()) + "毫秒");
    }

3)配置task相關配置文件,在文件applicationContext-cfg.xml 中增加下列內容

pool-size=”5″ 該參數主要解決,多個調度並行的問題,如下圖5個task任務,建議設置3–5個調度

如果配置參數為 1,下面5個task任務會依次執行,如果一個時間超出,後面的任務一直在等待,影響業務

 <!-- 定時任務 -->
 <task:scheduler id="scheduler" pool-size="5" />
 <task:scheduled-tasks scheduler="scheduler">
  <!-- 每天7點到7點55, 每隔5分鐘執行一次 "0 0/5 7 * * ?"-->
  <task:scheduled ref="jobService" method="DZFPgetInvoie_job" cron="0 0/30 * * * ?" />
  <task:scheduled ref="jobService" method="DZFPgetInvoie_hong_job" cron="0 0/30 * * * ?" />
         <task:scheduled ref="jobService" method="testjobThread" cron="0/5 * * * * ?" />
  <task:scheduled ref="jobService" method="hzgd_job" cron="0/30 * * * * ?" />
  <task:scheduled ref="jobService" method="alipay_pay_job" cron="0/30 * * * * ?" />
 </task:scheduled-tasks>

使用以上配置後,啟動項目就可以定時執行testjobThread方法裡面的業務瞭。

2、task裡面的一個job方法如何使用多線程,配置線程池

經過測試,spring task裡面的方法是被串行執行的,比如上面配置的方法 testjobThread方法,5秒執行一次,如果有一個執行過程時間過長,後面的一次調度一直等上次執行結束後,才會啟動下一次調用。

也就是說spring task是會監控 執行方法的主線程,如果主線程未結束的話,下一次就不會執行。

根據業務需求,這個testjobThread裡面的 業務,需要多線程執行 (批量抽取數據)

spring框架裡面,推薦使用線程池

1)配置線程池

在applicationContext-cfg.xml文件中增加配置如下

    <!-- spring線程池-->           
    <bean id="taskExecutor" class="org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor">
        <!-- 線程池維護線程的最少數量 -->
        <property name="corePoolSize" value="5" />
        <!-- 線程池維護線程所允許的空閑時間,默認為60s  -->
        <property name="keepAliveSeconds" value="200" />
        <!-- 線程池維護線程的最大數量 -->
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="20" />
        <!-- 緩存隊列最大長度 -->
        <property name="queueCapacity" value="20" />
        <!-- 對拒絕task的處理策略   線程池對拒絕任務(無線程可用)的處理策略,目前隻支持AbortPolicy、CallerRunsPolicy;默認為後者-->
        <property name="rejectedExecutionHandler">
        <!-- AbortPolicy:直接拋出java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException異常 -->
            <!-- CallerRunsPolicy:主線程直接執行該任務,執行完之後嘗試添加下一個任務到線程池中,可以有效降低向線程池內添加任務的速度 -->
            <!-- DiscardOldestPolicy:拋棄舊的任務、暫不支持;會導致被丟棄的任務無法再次被執行 -->
            <!-- DiscardPolicy:拋棄當前任務、暫不支持;會導致被丟棄的任務無法再次被執行 -->
            <bean class="java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$CallerRunsPolicy" />
        </property>
        <property name="waitForTasksToCompleteOnShutdown" value="true" />
    </bean>

2)修改業務操作類為thread類,實現run()方法

添加計數器CountDownLatch ,控制子線程結束後,再結束主線程

註意對象實現@Scope(“prototype”),用到瞭成員變量參數

package cn.hao24.action;
import java.util.Date;   
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; 
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
import cn.hao24.util.DateUtil;
import cn.hao24.util.SpringContextUtils;
 
@Component("testThreadAction")
@Scope("prototype")
public class testThreadAction extends Thread
{ 
/**
 * spring tash默認是單線程 串行執行,即一個方法執行完成前,後面的job不會執行的
 * 但是如果主方法裡面產生瞭thread線程, 主線程如果不等子線程結束後 就結束的話, task任務會產生多次調度
 */ 
    private String Treadname;
    private CountDownLatch latch;    
    public testThreadAction(String Treadname,CountDownLatch latch){
        this.Treadname=Treadname;
        this.latch=latch;
    }    
    @Override
    public void run()
    {            
        try
        {
            //主業務方法
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
                System.out.println("線程號:"+current.getId() +"--"+current.getName()+" --"+Treadname +":---runing--- "+i+"--"+DateUtil.format(new Date(), "yyyyMMddHHmmss") );
                Thread.sleep(20000);
            }
        }
        catch (InterruptedException e)
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            //設置實例 執行完畢
            latch.countDown();
        }              
    }
    public void setTreadname(String treadname)
    {
        Treadname = treadname;
    }  
    public void setLatch(CountDownLatch latch)
    {
        this.latch = latch;
    }     
}

2)修改job調度的方法為多線程,配置3個線程

package cn.hao24.job; 
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; 
import javax.annotation.Resource; 
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
import cn.hao24.action.DzfpAction;
import cn.hao24.action.HzgdAction;
import cn.hao24.action.KJGOrderjob;
import cn.hao24.action.testThreadAction;
import cn.hao24.service.ZFBService;
import cn.hao24.util.SpringContextUtils;
import cn.hao24.util.StringUtil;
 
@Component("jobService")
public class jobService
{
    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(jobService.class); 
    @Autowired
    private ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor;
    final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(3); 
    public void testjobThread()
    {
        try
        {
            CountDownLatch latch=new CountDownLatch(3);  //java工具類,類似與計數器,主要實現子線程未結束錢,主線程一直等待
            testThreadAction test1 = (testThreadAction)SpringContextUtils.getBean("testThreadAction","test1",latch);
            testThreadAction test2 = (testThreadAction)SpringContextUtils.getBean("testThreadAction","test2",latch);
            testThreadAction test3 = (testThreadAction)SpringContextUtils.getBean("testThreadAction","test3",latch);
            taskExecutor.execute(test1);
            taskExecutor.execute(test2);
            taskExecutor.execute(test3);
            latch.await(); //子線程未結束前,一直等待
            //test1.run();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            logger.error(StringUtil.grabExceptionMessage(e));
        }
    }
}

執行效果如下:

雖然 testjobThread 5秒執行一次,但是因為使用到瞭 latch.await() latch.countDown();需要等子線程執行完畢,才會進行下一次job

子線程每次循環,會sleep 20秒,從下面結果看,3個線程 每隔20秒才打印一次。符合最終要求

線程號:29–taskExecutor-3 –test3:—runing— 0–20170622145500
線程號:28–taskExecutor-2 –test2:—runing— 0–20170622145500
線程號:27–taskExecutor-1 –test1:—runing— 0–20170622145500
線程號:28–taskExecutor-2 –test2:—runing— 1–20170622145520
線程號:27–taskExecutor-1 –test1:—runing— 1–20170622145520
線程號:29–taskExecutor-3 –test3:—runing— 1–20170622145520
線程號:29–taskExecutor-3 –test3:—runing— 2–20170622145540
線程號:28–taskExecutor-2 –test2:—runing— 2–20170622145540
線程號:27–taskExecutor-1 –test1:—runing— 2–20170622145540

spring 線程池配置

默認線程池ThreadPoolTaskExecutor配置

配置核心參數

直接在application.properties中配置核心參數

spring.task.execution.pool.core-size=8
spring.task.execution.pool.max-size=12
spring.task.execution.pool.keep-alive=60s
spring.task.execution.pool.queue-capacity=100000
spring.task.execution.pool.allow-core-thread-timeout=true
spring.task.execution.thread-name-prefix=swy-task-

創建JavaBean註入

@Configuration
public class ExecutorConfig {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExecutorConfig.class);
    @Bean
    public Executor asyncServiceExecutor() {
        logger.info("start asyncServiceExecutor");
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        //配置核心線程數
        executor.setCorePoolSize(5);
        //配置最大線程數
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(6);
        //配置隊列大小
        executor.setQueueCapacity(99999);
        //配置線程池中的線程的名稱前綴
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("swy-task-");
        // rejection-policy:當pool已經達到max size的時候,如何處理新任務
        // CALLER_RUNS:不在新線程中執行任務,而是有調用者所在的線程來執行
        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        //執行初始化
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

在配置類,或入口類開啟@EnableAsync註解

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
public class MultiThreadApplication {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  SpringApplication.run(MultiThreadApplication.class, args);
 }
}

在Service層或Controller層的類或方法上添加@Async註解

@Async
public void doSomethingAsync(){
 logger.info("start executeAsync");
 try{
  Thread.sleep(5000);
 }catch(Exception e){
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 logger.info("end executeAsync");
}

自定義線程池ThreadPoolTaskExecutor配置

繼承ThreadPoolTaskExecutor創建新線程池類

public class CustomThreadPoolTaskExecutor extends ThreadPoolTaskExecutor {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomThreadPoolTaskExecutor.class);
    private void showThreadPoolInfo(String prefix){
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = getThreadPoolExecutor();
        if(null==threadPoolExecutor){
            return;
        }
        logger.info("{}, {},taskCount [{}], completedTaskCount [{}], activeCount [{}], queueSize [{}]",
                this.getThreadNamePrefix(),
                prefix,
                threadPoolExecutor.getTaskCount(),
                threadPoolExecutor.getCompletedTaskCount(),
                threadPoolExecutor.getActiveCount(),
                threadPoolExecutor.getQueue().size());
    }
    @Override
    public void execute(Runnable task) {
        showThreadPoolInfo("1. do execute");
        super.execute(task);
    }
    @Override
    public void execute(Runnable task, long startTimeout) {
        showThreadPoolInfo("2. do execute");
        super.execute(task, startTimeout);
    }
    @Override
    public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
        showThreadPoolInfo("1. do submit");
        return super.submit(task);
    }
    @Override
    public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
        showThreadPoolInfo("2. do submit");
        return super.submit(task);
    }
    @Override
    public ListenableFuture<?> submitListenable(Runnable task) {
        showThreadPoolInfo("1. do submitListenable");
        return super.submitListenable(task);
    }
    @Override
    public <T> ListenableFuture<T> submitListenable(Callable<T> task) {
        showThreadPoolInfo("2. do submitListenable");
        return super.submitListenable(task);
    }
}

配置新建線程池類的核心參數

@Configuration
public class ExecutorConfig {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExecutorConfig.class);
    @Bean
    public Executor asyncServiceExecutor() {
        logger.info("start asyncServiceExecutor");
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new CustomThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        //配置核心線程數
        executor.setCorePoolSize(5);
        //配置最大線程數
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(8);
        //配置隊列大小
        executor.setQueueCapacity(99999);
        //配置線程池中的線程的名稱前綴
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("async-service-");
        // rejection-policy:當pool已經達到max size的時候,如何處理新任務
        // CALLER_RUNS:不在新線程中執行任務,而是有調用者所在的線程來執行
        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        //執行初始化
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

在配置類,或入口類開啟@EnableAsync註解

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
public class MultiThreadApplication {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  SpringApplication.run(MultiThreadApplication.class, args);
 }
}

在Service層或Controller層的類或方法上添加@Async註解,此時需需註意一定要註明Bean方法名稱。

@Async("asyncServiceExecutor")
public void doSomethingAsync(){
 logger.info("start executeAsync");
 try{
  Thread.sleep(5000);
 }catch(Exception e){
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 logger.info("end executeAsync");
}

以上為個人經驗,希望能給大傢一個參考,也希望大傢多多支持WalkonNet。

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