Java網絡編程實例——簡單模擬在線聊天
1、前提知識
需要知道簡單的IO流操作，以及簡單的UDP發送數據包的原理。
需要用到的類：DatagramSocket、DatagramPacket
UDP數據包基於DatagramSocket發送和接收，DatagramPacket用於封裝數據包
看下案例：
客戶端發送消息：
正常情況下從控制臺讀信息，封裝到DatagramPacket之中，再由DatagramSocket的send方法發出
讀取到bye的時候退出聊天
public class UdpOnlineClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(10000);
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = bufferedReader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 9999));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
服務端接收消息：
DatagramSocket的receive方法接收客戶端發送的消息，打印到控制臺，如果信息是bye則退出聊天
public class UdpOnlineServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9999);
while (true){
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);
String msg = new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(msg);
if(msg.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
試驗：正常開啟客戶端和服務端後：
客戶端發送消息：
服務端接收到信息即成功：
有瞭這個思路，我們隻需要把發送和接收封裝成發送類和接收類，使用多線程即可實現聊天瞭
2、實現思路：
創建UDP發送實現類TaskSend、UDP接收實現類TaskReceive，以及模擬多線程通信的通信類ChatThread1、ChatThread2
UDP發送實現類TaskSend：
public class TaskSend implements Runnable{
private String sendIP;
//自己的服務端口
private int ownPort;
private int sendPort;
//讀取控制臺輸入流
private BufferedReader bufferedReader;
private DatagramSocket socket;
public TaskSend(String sendIP, int ownPort, int sendPort) {
this.sendIP = sendIP;
this.sendPort = sendPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(ownPort);
bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
}
//發送消息
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = bufferedReader.readLine();
//打印自己的消息
System.out.println("我："+data);
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(sendIP,sendPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
UDP接收實現類TaskReceive：
public class TaskReceive implements Runnable{
private int ownPort;
//發送信息的人
private String msgOwner;
private DatagramSocket socket;
public TaskReceive(int ownPort, String msgOwner) {
this.msgOwner = msgOwner;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(ownPort);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
}
//接收消息
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);
String msg = new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(msgOwner+"："+msg);
if (msg.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
之後使用兩個通信類開啟多線程模擬一下：
模擬老師
public class ChatThread1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TaskSend("localhost",9999,10000)).start();
new Thread(new TaskReceive(9998,"老師")).start();
}
}
模擬學生
public class ChatThread2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TaskReceive(9999,"學生")).start();
new Thread(new TaskSend("localhost",9998,10001)).start();
}
}
實例：
學生
老師
到此簡單的在線聊天功能就完成瞭，可以鞏固一下之前學習的網絡知識
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