Python基礎之內置模塊詳解

import os
 
# 1. 獲取當前腳本絕對路徑
"""
abs_path = os.path.abspath(__file__)
print(abs_path)
"""
 
# 2. 獲取當前文件的上級目錄
"""
base_path = os.path.dirname( os.path.dirname(路徑) ）
print(base_path)
"""
 
# 3. 路徑拼接
"""
p1 = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx')
print(p1)
p2 = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx', 'oo', 'a1.png')
print(p2)
"""
 
# 4. 判斷路徑是否存在
"""
exists = os.path.exists(p1)
print(exists)
"""
 
# 5. 創建文件夾
"""
os.makedirs(路徑)
"""
"""
path = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx', 'oo', 'uuuu')
if not os.path.exists(path):
    os.makedirs(path)
"""
 
# 6. 是否是文件夾
"""
file_path = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx', 'oo', 'uuuu.png')
is_dir = os.path.isdir(file_path)
print(is_dir) # False
folder_path = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx', 'oo', 'uuuu')
is_dir = os.path.isdir(folder_path)
print(is_dir) # True
"""
 
# 7. 刪除文件或文件夾
"""
os.remove("文件路徑")
"""
"""
path = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx')
shutil.rmtree(path)
"""

import os
 
"""
data = os.listdir("/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/luffyCourse/day14/commons")
print(data)
# ['convert.py', '__init__.py', 'page.py', '__pycache__', 'utils.py', 'tencent']
"""
 
"""
要遍歷一個文件夾下的所有文件，例如：遍歷文件夾下的所有mp4文件
"""
 
data = os.walk("/Users/hqss/Documents/視頻教程/路飛Python/mp4")
for path, folder_list, file_list in data:
    for file_name in file_list:
        file_abs_path = os.path.join(path, file_name)
        ext = file_abs_path.rsplit(".",1)[-1]
        if ext == "mp4":
            print(file_abs_path)

import shutil
 
# 1. 刪除文件夾
"""
path = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx')
shutil.rmtree(path)
"""
 
# 2. 拷貝文件夾
"""
shutil.copytree("/Users/hqss/Desktop/圖/csdn/","/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/files")
"""
 
# 3.拷貝文件
"""
shutil.copy("/Users/hqss/Desktop/圖/csdn/[email protected]","/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/")
shutil.copy("/Users/hqss/Desktop/圖/csdn/[email protected]","/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/x.png")
"""
 
# 4.文件或文件夾重命名
"""
shutil.move("/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/x.png","/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/xxxx.png")
shutil.move("/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/files","/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/images")
"""
 
# 5. 壓縮文件
"""
# base_name，壓縮後的壓縮包文件
# format，壓縮的格式，例如："zip", "tar", "gztar", "bztar", or "xztar".
# root_dir，要壓縮的文件夾路徑
"""
# shutil.make_archive(base_name=r'datafile',format='zip',root_dir=r'files')
 
 
# 6. 解壓文件
"""
# filename，要解壓的壓縮包文件
# extract_dir，解壓的路徑
# format，壓縮文件格式
"""
# shutil.unpack_archive(filename=r'datafile.zip', extract_dir=r'xxxxxx/xo', format='zip')

import sys
 
# 1. 獲取解釋器版本
"""
print(sys.version)
print(sys.version_info)
print(sys.version_info.major, sys.version_info.minor, sys.version_info.micro)
"""
 
# 2. 導入模塊路徑
"""
print(sys.path)
"""

import sys
 
print(sys.argv)
 
 
# [
#       '/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/luffyCourse/day14/2.接受執行腳本的參數.py'
# ]
 
# [
#     "2.接受執行腳本的參數.py"
# ]
 
# ['2.接受執行腳本的參數.py', '127', '999', '666', 'wupeiqi']
 
# 例如，請實現下載圖片的一個工具。
 
def download_image(url):
    print("下載圖片", url)
 
 
def run():
    # 接受用戶傳入的參數
    url_list = sys.argv[1:]
    for url in url_list:
        download_image(url)
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

import random
 
# 1. 獲取范圍內的隨機整數
v = random.randint(10, 20)
print(v)
 
# 2. 獲取范圍內的隨機小數
v = random.uniform(1, 10)
print(v)
 
# 3. 隨機抽取一個元素
v = random.choice([11, 22, 33, 44, 55])
print(v)
 
# 4. 隨機抽取多個元素
v = random.sample([11, 22, 33, 44, 55], 3)
print(v)
 
# 5. 打亂順序
data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
random.shuffle(data)
print(data)

import hashlib
 
hash_object = hashlib.md5()
hash_object.update("武沛齊".encode('utf-8'))
result = hash_object.hexdigest()
print(result)

import hashlib
 
hash_object = hashlib.md5("iajfsdunjaksdjfasdfasdf".encode('utf-8'))
hash_object.update("武沛齊".encode('utf-8'))
result = hash_object.hexdigest()
print(result)

# Python中的數據類型的格式
data = [
    {"id": 1, "name": "武沛齊", "age": 18},
    {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18},
    ('wupeiqi',123),
]
 
# JSON格式
value = '[{"id": 1, "name": "武沛齊", "age": 18}, {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18},["wupeiqi",123]]'

import json
 
data = [
    {"id": 1, "name": "華青水上", "age": 18},
    {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18},
]
 
res = json.dumps(data)
print(res) # '[{"id": 1, "name": "\u6b66\u6c9b\u9f50", "age": 18}, {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18}]'
 
res = json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False)
print(res) # '[{"id": 1, "name": "華青水上", "age": 18}, {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18}]'

import json
 
data_string = '[{"id": 1, "name": "華青水上", "age": 18}, {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18}]'
 
data_list = json.loads(data_string)
 
print(data_list)

 +-------------------+---------------+
    | Python            | JSON          |
    +===================+===============+
    | dict              | object        |
    +-------------------+---------------+
    | list, tuple       | array         |
    +-------------------+---------------+
    | str               | string        |
    +-------------------+---------------+
    | int, float        | number        |
    +-------------------+---------------+
    | True              | true          |
    +-------------------+---------------+
    | False             | false         |
    +-------------------+---------------+
    | None              | null          |
    +-------------------+---------------+
 
 
data = [
    {"id": 1, "name": "武沛齊", "age": 18},
    {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18},
]

import json
from decimal import Decimal
from datetime import datetime
 
data = [
    {"id": 1, "name": "武沛齊", "age": 18, 'size': Decimal("18.99"), 'ctime': datetime.now()},
    {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18, 'size': Decimal("9.99"), 'ctime': datetime.now()},
]
 
 
class MyJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, o):
        if type(o) == Decimal:
            return str(o)
        elif type(o) == datetime:
            return o.strftime("%Y-%M-%d")
        return super().default(o)
 
 
res = json.dumps(data, cls=MyJSONEncoder)
print(res)

import json
 
data = [
    {"id": 1, "name": "武沛齊", "age": 18},
    {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18},
]
 
file_object = open('xxx.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8')
 
json.dump(data, file_object)
 
file_object.close()

import json
 
file_object = open('xxx.json', mode='r', encoding='utf-8')
 
data = json.load(file_object)
print(data)
 
file_object.close()

import time
 
# 獲取當前時間戳（自1970-1-1 00:00）
v1 = time.time()
print(v1)
 
# 時區
v2 = time.timezone
 
# 停止n秒，再執行後續的代碼。
time.sleep(5)

from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta
 
v1 = datetime.now()  # 當前本地時間
print(v1)
 
tz = timezone(timedelta(hours=7))  # 當前東7區時間
v2 = datetime.now(tz)
print(v2)
 
v3 = datetime.utcnow()  # 當前UTC時間
print(v3)

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 
v1 = datetime.now()
print(v1)
 
# 時間的加減
v2 = v1 + timedelta(days=140, minutes=5)
print(v2)
 
# datetime類型 + timedelta類型

from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta
 
v1 = datetime.now()
print(v1)
 
v2 = datetime.utcnow()  # 當前UTC時間
print(v2)
 
# datetime之間相減，計算間隔時間（不能相加）
data = v1 - v2
print(data.days, data.seconds / 60 / 60, data.microseconds)
 
# datetime類型 - datetime類型
# datetime類型 比較 datetime類型

# 字符串格式的時間  ---> 轉換為datetime格式時間
text = "2021-11-11"
v1 = datetime.strptime(text,'%Y-%m-%d') # %Y 年，%m，月份，%d，天。
print(v1)

# datetime格式 ----> 轉換為字符串格式
v1 = datetime.now()
val = v1.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(val)

# 時間戳格式 --> 轉換為datetime格式
ctime = time.time() # 11213245345.123
v1 = datetime.fromtimestamp(ctime)
print(v1)

# datetime格式 ---> 轉換為時間戳格式
v1 = datetime.now()
val = v1.timestamp()
print(val)