redis分佈式鎖RedissonLock的實現細節解析

redis分佈式鎖RedissonLock

簡單使用

String key = "key-lock";
RLock lock = redisson.getLock(key);
lock.lock();
try {
    // TODO
} catch (Exception e){
    log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
    lock.unlock();
}
String key = "key-tryLock";
long maxWaitTime = 3_000;
RLock lock = redisson.getLock(key);
if (lock.tryLock(maxWaitTime, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)){
    try {
        // TODO
    } catch (Exception e){
        log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
    } finally {
        lock.unlock();
    }
} else {
    log.debug("redis鎖競爭失敗");
}

流程圖

多個線程節點鎖競爭的正常流程如下圖:

在這裡插入圖片描述

多個線程節點鎖競爭,並出現節點下線的異常流程如下圖:

在這裡插入圖片描述

源碼解析

RedissonLock是可重入鎖,使用redis的hash結構作為鎖的標識存儲,鎖的名稱作為hash的key,UUID + 線程ID作為hash的field,鎖被重入的次數作為hash的value。如圖所示:

在這裡插入圖片描述

private void lock(long leaseTime, TimeUnit unit, boolean interruptibly) throws InterruptedException {
    long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId();
    // 嘗試獲取鎖,鎖獲取成功則ttl為null;獲取失敗則返回鎖的剩餘過期時間
    Long ttl = tryAcquire(leaseTime, unit, threadId);
    if (ttl == null) {
        return;
    }
    // 鎖被其他線程占用而索取失敗,使用線程通知而非自旋的方式等待鎖
    // 使用redis的發佈訂閱pub/sub功能來等待鎖的釋放通知
    RFuture<RedissonLockEntry> future = subscribe(threadId);
    commandExecutor.syncSubscription(future);
    try {
        while (true) {
            ttl = tryAcquire(leaseTime, unit, threadId);
            // 嘗試獲取鎖,鎖獲取成功則ttl為null;獲取失敗則返回鎖的剩餘過期時間
            if (ttl == null) {
                break;
            }
            if (ttl >= 0) {
                // 使用LockSupport.parkNanos方法線程休眠
                try {
                    getEntry(threadId).getLatch().tryAcquire(ttl, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    if (interruptibly) {
                        throw e;
                    }
                    getEntry(threadId).getLatch().tryAcquire(ttl, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                }
            } else {
                if (interruptibly) {
                    getEntry(threadId).getLatch().acquire();
                } else {
                    getEntry(threadId).getLatch().acquireUninterruptibly();
                }
            }
        }
    } finally {
        // 退出鎖競爭(鎖獲取成功或者放棄獲取鎖),則取消鎖的釋放訂閱
        unsubscribe(future, threadId);
    }
}
public boolean tryLock(long waitTime, long leaseTime, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
    long time = unit.toMillis(waitTime);
    long current = System.currentTimeMillis();
    long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId();
    Long ttl = tryAcquire(leaseTime, unit, threadId);
    if (ttl == null) {
        return true;
    }
    
    time -= System.currentTimeMillis() - current;
    if (time <= 0) {
        acquireFailed(threadId);
        return false;
    }
    
    current = System.currentTimeMillis();
    RFuture<RedissonLockEntry> subscribeFuture = subscribe(threadId);
    if (!await(subscribeFuture, time, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
        if (!subscribeFuture.cancel(false)) {
            subscribeFuture.onComplete((res, e) -> {
                if (e == null) {
                    unsubscribe(subscribeFuture, threadId);
                }
            });
        }
        acquireFailed(threadId);
        return false;
    }
    try {
        time -= System.currentTimeMillis() - current;
        if (time <= 0) {
            acquireFailed(threadId);
            return false;
        }
    
        while (true) {
            long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            ttl = tryAcquire(leaseTime, unit, threadId);
            // lock acquired
            if (ttl == null) {
                return true;
            }
            time -= System.currentTimeMillis() - currentTime;
            if (time <= 0) {
                acquireFailed(threadId);
                return false;
            }
            currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            if (ttl >= 0 && ttl < time) {
                getEntry(threadId).getLatch().tryAcquire(ttl, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            } else {
                getEntry(threadId).getLatch().tryAcquire(time, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            }
            time -= System.currentTimeMillis() - currentTime;
            if (time <= 0) {
                acquireFailed(threadId);
                return false;
            }
        }
    } finally {
        unsubscribe(subscribeFuture, threadId);
    }
}

RedissonLock實現的是可重入鎖,通過redis的hash結構實現,而非加單的set nx ex。為瞭實現原子性的復雜的加鎖邏輯,而通過lua腳本實現。獲取鎖會有如下三種狀態:

1、鎖未被任何線程占用,則鎖獲取成功,返回null

2、鎖被當前線程占用,則鎖獲取成功並進行鎖的重入,對鎖的重入計數+1,返回null

3、鎖被其他線程占用,則鎖獲取失敗,返回該鎖的自動過期時間ttl

<T> RFuture<T> tryLockInnerAsync(long leaseTime, TimeUnit unit, long threadId, RedisStrictCommand<T> command) {
    internalLockLeaseTime = unit.toMillis(leaseTime);
    return commandExecutor.evalWriteAsync(getName(), LongCodec.INSTANCE, command,
              "if (redis.call('exists', KEYS[1]) == 0) then " +
                  "redis.call('hset', KEYS[1], ARGV[2], 1); " +
                  "redis.call('pexpire', KEYS[1], ARGV[1]); " +
                  "return nil; " +
              "end; " +
              "if (redis.call('hexists', KEYS[1], ARGV[2]) == 1) then " +
                  "redis.call('hincrby', KEYS[1], ARGV[2], 1); " +
                  "redis.call('pexpire', KEYS[1], ARGV[1]); " +
                  "return nil; " +
              "end; " +
              "return redis.call('pttl', KEYS[1]);",
                Collections.<Object>singletonList(getName()), internalLockLeaseTime, getLockName(threadId));
}

當鎖因為被其他線程占用而 使用redis的發佈訂閱pub/sub功能,通過監聽鎖的釋放通知(在其他線程通過RedissonLock釋放鎖時,會通過發佈訂閱pub/sub功能發起通知),等待鎖被其他線程釋放。通過如此的線程喚醒而非自旋的操作,提高瞭鎖的效率。

public RFuture<E> subscribe(String entryName, String channelName) {
    AtomicReference<Runnable> listenerHolder = new AtomicReference<Runnable>();
    AsyncSemaphore semaphore = service.getSemaphore(new ChannelName(channelName));
    RPromise<E> newPromise = new RedissonPromise<E>() {
        @Override
        public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
            return semaphore.remove(listenerHolder.get());
        }
    };
    Runnable listener = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            E entry = entries.get(entryName);
            if (entry != null) {
                entry.aquire();
                semaphore.release();
                entry.getPromise().onComplete(new TransferListener<E>(newPromise));
                return;
            }
            
            E value = createEntry(newPromise);
            value.aquire();
            
            E oldValue = entries.putIfAbsent(entryName, value);
            if (oldValue != null) {
                oldValue.aquire();
                semaphore.release();
                oldValue.getPromise().onComplete(new TransferListener<E>(newPromise));
                return;
            }
            
            RedisPubSubListener<Object> listener = createListener(channelName, value);
            service.subscribe(LongCodec.INSTANCE, channelName, semaphore, listener);
        }
    };
    semaphore.acquire(listener);
    listenerHolder.set(listener);    
    return newPromise;
}

由於是可重入鎖則需要在釋放鎖的時候做訂閱通知,因此釋放鎖的操作同樣是lua腳本實現。鎖的釋放會有如下三個狀態:

1、等待釋放的鎖不存在或者不是當前線程持有,返回null

2、等待釋放的鎖被當前線程持有,且該鎖當前被重入多次,則鎖的重入計數-1,返回0

3、等待釋放的鎖被當前線程持有,且該鎖當前未被重入,則鎖的刪除並發佈該鎖釋放的訂閱通知,返回1

protected RFuture<Boolean> unlockInnerAsync(long threadId) {
    return commandExecutor.evalWriteAsync(getName(), LongCodec.INSTANCE, RedisCommands.EVAL_BOOLEAN,
            "if (redis.call('hexists', KEYS[1], ARGV[3]) == 0) then " +
                "return nil;" +
            "end; " +
            "local counter = redis.call('hincrby', KEYS[1], ARGV[3], -1); " +
            "if (counter > 0) then " +
                "redis.call('pexpire', KEYS[1], ARGV[2]); " +
                "return 0; " +
            "else " +
                "redis.call('del', KEYS[1]); " +
                "redis.call('publish', KEYS[2], ARGV[1]); " +
                "return 1; "+
            "end; " +
            "return nil;",
            Arrays.<Object>asList(getName(), getChannelName()), LockPubSub.UNLOCK_MESSAGE, internalLockLeaseTime, getLockName(threadId));
}

Watchdog

RedissonLock為瞭避免應用獲取鎖後宕機,因為沒人來釋放鎖而導致死鎖情況的出現,默認每次鎖的占用隻有30秒的時間(org.redisson.config.Config#lockWatchdogTimeout = 30 * 1000)。

於是便有瞭Watchdog設計,由獨立的線程定時給未釋放的鎖續期,默認鎖有效期的三分之一的時長即每10秒給鎖自動續期。

private void renewExpiration() {
    ExpirationEntry ee = EXPIRATION_RENEWAL_MAP.get(getEntryName());
    if (ee == null) {
        return;
    }
    
    // 默認10秒鐘後執行鎖續期任務
    Timeout task = commandExecutor.getConnectionManager().newTimeout(new TimerTask() {
        @Override
        public void run(Timeout timeout) throws Exception {
            ExpirationEntry ent = EXPIRATION_RENEWAL_MAP.get(getEntryName());
            if (ent == null) {
                return;
            }
            Long threadId = ent.getFirstThreadId();
            if (threadId == null) {
                return;
            }
            
            RFuture<Boolean> future = renewExpirationAsync(threadId);
            future.onComplete((res, e) -> {
                if (e != null) {
                    log.error("Can't update lock " + getName() + " expiration", e);
                    return;
                }
                // 如果鎖續期成功,則10秒鐘後再次續期
                if (res) {
                    renewExpiration();
                }
            });
        }
    }, internalLockLeaseTime / 3, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);    
    ee.setTimeout(task);
}
protected RFuture<Boolean> renewExpirationAsync(long threadId) {
    return commandExecutor.evalWriteAsync(getName(), LongCodec.INSTANCE, RedisCommands.EVAL_BOOLEAN,
            "if (redis.call('hexists', KEYS[1], ARGV[2]) == 1) then " +
                "redis.call('pexpire', KEYS[1], ARGV[1]); " +
                "return 1; " +
            "end; " +
            "return 0;",
        Collections.<Object>singletonList(getName()), 
        internalLockLeaseTime, getLockName(threadId));
}

Redisson 幾種鎖

1. 可重入鎖(Reentrant Lock)

Redisson的分佈式可重入鎖RLock Java對象實現瞭java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock接口,同時還支持自動過期解鎖。

public void testReentrantLock(RedissonClient redisson){ 
        RLock lock = redisson.getLock("anyLock");
        try{
            // 1. 最常見的使用方法
            //lock.lock();
 
            // 2. 支持過期解鎖功能,10秒鐘以後自動解鎖, 無需調用unlock方法手動解鎖
            //lock.lock(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
            // 3. 嘗試加鎖,最多等待3秒,上鎖以後10秒自動解鎖
            boolean res = lock.tryLock(3, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            if(res){    //成功
                // do your business
 
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
 
    }

Redisson同時還為分佈式鎖提供瞭異步執行的相關方法:

public void testAsyncReentrantLock(RedissonClient redisson){
        RLock lock = redisson.getLock("anyLock");
        try{
            lock.lockAsync();
            lock.lockAsync(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            Future<Boolean> res = lock.tryLockAsync(3, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
            if(res.get()){
                // do your business
 
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
 
    }

2. 公平鎖(Fair Lock)

Redisson分佈式可重入公平鎖也是實現瞭java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock接口的一種RLock對象。在提供瞭自動過期解鎖功能的同時,保證瞭當多個Redisson客戶端線程同時請求加鎖時,優先分配給先發出請求的線程。

public void testFairLock(RedissonClient redisson){ 
        RLock fairLock = redisson.getFairLock("anyLock");
        try{
            // 最常見的使用方法
            fairLock.lock();
 
            // 支持過期解鎖功能, 10秒鐘以後自動解鎖,無需調用unlock方法手動解鎖
            fairLock.lock(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
            // 嘗試加鎖,最多等待100秒,上鎖以後10秒自動解鎖
            boolean res = fairLock.tryLock(100, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            fairLock.unlock();
        }
 
    }

Redisson同時還為分佈式可重入公平鎖提供瞭異步執行的相關方法:

RLock fairLock = redisson.getFairLock("anyLock");
fairLock.lockAsync();
fairLock.lockAsync(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Future<Boolean> res = fairLock.tryLockAsync(100, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

3. 聯鎖(MultiLock)

Redisson的RedissonMultiLock對象可以將多個RLock對象關聯為一個聯鎖,每個RLock對象實例可以來自於不同的Redisson實例。

public void testMultiLock(RedissonClient redisson1,
RedissonClient redisson2, RedissonClient redisson3){ 
        RLock lock1 = redisson1.getLock("lock1");
        RLock lock2 = redisson2.getLock("lock2");
        RLock lock3 = redisson3.getLock("lock3"); 
        RedissonMultiLock lock = new RedissonMultiLock(lock1, lock2, lock3);
 
        try {
            // 同時加鎖:lock1 lock2 lock3, 所有的鎖都上鎖成功才算成功。
            lock.lock();
 
            // 嘗試加鎖,最多等待100秒,上鎖以後10秒自動解鎖
            boolean res = lock.tryLock(100, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
 
    }

4. 紅鎖(RedLock)

Redisson的RedissonRedLock對象實現瞭Redlock介紹的加鎖算法。該對象也可以用來將多個RLock

對象關聯為一個紅鎖,每個RLock對象實例可以來自於不同的Redisson實例。

 public void testRedLock(RedissonClient redisson1,
      RedissonClient redisson2, RedissonClient redisson3){ 
        RLock lock1 = redisson1.getLock("lock1");
        RLock lock2 = redisson2.getLock("lock2");
        RLock lock3 = redisson3.getLock("lock3"); 
        RedissonRedLock lock = new RedissonRedLock(lock1, lock2, lock3);
      try {
            // 同時加鎖:lock1 lock2 lock3, 紅鎖在大部分節點上加鎖成功就算成功。
            lock.lock();
 
            // 嘗試加鎖,最多等待100秒,上鎖以後10秒自動解鎖
            boolean res = lock.tryLock(100, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
 
    }

5. 讀寫鎖(ReadWriteLock)

Redisson的分佈式可重入讀寫鎖RReadWriteLock Java對象實現瞭java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock接口。同時還支持自動過期解鎖。該對象允許同時有多個讀取鎖,但是最多隻能有一個寫入鎖。

RReadWriteLock rwlock = redisson.getLock("anyRWLock");
// 最常見的使用方法
rwlock.readLock().lock();
// 或
rwlock.writeLock().lock();
 
// 支持過期解鎖功能
// 10秒鐘以後自動解鎖
// 無需調用unlock方法手動解鎖
rwlock.readLock().lock(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// 或
rwlock.writeLock().lock(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
// 嘗試加鎖,最多等待100秒,上鎖以後10秒自動解鎖
boolean res = rwlock.readLock().tryLock(100, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// 或
boolean res = rwlock.writeLock().tryLock(100, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
...
lock.unlock();

6. 信號量(Semaphore)

Redisson的分佈式信號量(Semaphore)Java對象RSemaphore采用瞭與java.util.concurrent.Semaphore相似的接口和用法。

RSemaphore semaphore = redisson.getSemaphore("semaphore");
semaphore.acquire();
//或
semaphore.acquireAsync();
semaphore.acquire(23);
semaphore.tryAcquire();
//或
semaphore.tryAcquireAsync();
semaphore.tryAcquire(23, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//或
semaphore.tryAcquireAsync(23, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
semaphore.release(10);
semaphore.release();
//或
semaphore.releaseAsync();

7. 可過期性信號量(PermitExpirableSemaphore)

Redisson的可過期性信號量(PermitExpirableSemaphore)實在RSemaphore對象的基礎上,為每個信號增加瞭一個過期時間。每個信號可以通過獨立的ID來辨識,釋放時隻能通過提交這個ID才能釋放。

RPermitExpirableSemaphore semaphore = redisson.getPermitExpirableSemaphore("mySemaphore");
String permitId = semaphore.acquire();
// 獲取一個信號,有效期隻有2秒鐘。
String permitId = semaphore.acquire(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// ...
semaphore.release(permitId);

8. 閉鎖(CountDownLatch)

Redisson的分佈式閉鎖(CountDownLatch)Java對象RCountDownLatch采用瞭與java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch相似的接口和用法。

以上為個人經驗,希望能給大傢一個參考,也希望大傢多多支持WalkonNet。

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