PYQT5 實現界面的嵌套方式
新手,因為查閱各種博客太多,有點混,而且也找不到原本的網址瞭,所以就自己當作筆記記下,以便以後回來查看。
自己比較會的編程語言就隻有python瞭,但是因為老師那邊要求做一個桌面應用程序,對於python來說,我比較喜歡的就是用PYQT5瞭。
這裡簡單引用下網上的說法:QT原本是諾基亞的產品,源碼是用C++寫的,python對QT的包裝,跨平臺,本地顯示效果,根據系統決定,在win7就是win7的顯示效果;pyqt與qt的函數接口一致,qt開發問的那個豐富,所以pyqt開發文檔也比較豐富;控件豐富,函數/方法多,拖曳佈局;方便打包成二進制文件;GPL協議,商業程序需要購買商業版授權。
界面的嵌套(可能我說的不太對),在前端裡面,是可以使用 iframe 這個標簽實現的,但是在qt5裡面,其實是可以通過 Splitter 去實現的。
簡單演示下:
首先主界面界面:
在Form處設置下水平佈局,就如下圖:
左右兩側分別是一個frame控件,左側frame裡含有兩個按鈕,右側其實我隻是用來占位的,後面解釋。選中兩個frame,點擊 Lay out Horizontally in Splitter,將它設置為 Splitter 佈局,為瞭能讓要切換的界面在右側的 frame 顯示出來。
接下來是界面1:
界面2:
將三個 .ui文件轉為 .py 文件,然後在代碼中調整。
第一步:
在index.py文件下導入 first 和 second
from first import Ui_First from second import Ui_Second
第二步:
在index.py文件下生成 first 和 second 兩個子類:
class First(QWidget, Ui_First): def __init__(self): super(First,self).__init__() # 子窗口初始化時實現子窗口佈局 self.setupUi(self) # 設置子窗體最小尺寸 self.setMinimumWidth(30) self.setMinimumHeight(30) class Second(QWidget, Ui_Second): def __init__(self): super(Second,self).__init__() self.setupUi(self) self.setMinimumWidth(30) self.setMinimumHeight(30)
第三步:
在index.py的初始化裡面生成兩個界面的對象
# 初始化兩個對象,並把 first對象 加入到 splitter 中 self.first = First() self.second = Second() self.splitter.addWidget(self.first)
這個時候運行可能會報錯:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “D:/python/workpace/Normal/cad/index.py”, line 93, in <module>
ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
File “D:/python/workpace/Normal/cad/index.py”, line 60, in setupUi
self.splitter.addWidget(self.first)
TypeError: addWidget(self, QWidget): argument 1 has unexpected type ‘Ui_First’
原因是在 first.py 這個子界面中,是沒有菜單欄等這些主界面才有的界面,因為直接用 qt 生成的 ui 文件轉化的,所以代碼還是帶有菜單欄這些的,我們隻要註釋掉,並且把self.centralwidget換成 對象名即可。(同樣 second.py 也要)
最後隻要綁定按鈕事件
self.pushButton.clicked.connect(lambda :self.change(self.pushButton.objectName())) self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(lambda :self.change(self.pushButton_2.objectName())) def change(self,name): if name == "pushButton": # 這句的意思是把現在 splitter 的界面設置為None,也就是去掉 self.splitter.widget(1).setParent(None) # 把另一個self.first這個界面插入上一句去掉的那個界面的位置 self.splitter.insertWidget(1, self.first) if name == "pushButton_2": self.splitter.widget(1).setParent(None) self.splitter.insertWidget(1, self.second)
這樣運行,就大功告成啦
index.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'index.ui' # # Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.11.3 # # WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost! from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget from first import Ui_First from second import Ui_Second class Ui_MainWindow(object): def setupUi(self, MainWindow): MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow") MainWindow.resize(800, 600) self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow) self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget") self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.centralwidget) self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout") self.splitter = QtWidgets.QSplitter(self.centralwidget) self.splitter.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal) self.splitter.setObjectName("splitter") self.frame = QtWidgets.QFrame(self.splitter) self.frame.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(200, 16777215)) self.frame.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel) self.frame.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised) self.frame.setObjectName("frame") self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.frame) self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout") self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.frame) self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton") self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton) self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.frame) self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2") self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_2) # 這裡註釋掉,因為不需要frame2。當初在qt 裡面設計這個frame2的原因是為瞭占位,不至於到時候佈局出現錯亂。 # self.frame_2 = QtWidgets.QFrame(self.splitter) # self.frame_2.setStyleSheet("background-color:white;") # self.frame_2.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel) # self.frame_2.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised) # self.frame_2.setObjectName("frame_2") self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.splitter) MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget) self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow) self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23)) self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar") MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar) self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow) self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar") MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar) # 初始化兩個對象,並把 first對象 加入到 splitter 中 self.first = First() self.second = Second() self.splitter.addWidget(self.first) self.pushButton.clicked.connect(lambda :self.change(self.pushButton.objectName())) self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(lambda :self.change(self.pushButton_2.objectName())) self.retranslateUi(MainWindow) QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow) def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow): _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow")) self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "界面1")) self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "界面2")) def change(self,name): if name == "pushButton": self.splitter.widget(1).setParent(None) self.splitter.insertWidget(1, self.first) if name == "pushButton_2": self.splitter.widget(1).setParent(None) self.splitter.insertWidget(1, self.second) class First(QWidget, Ui_First): def __init__(self): super(First,self).__init__() # 子窗口初始化時實現子窗口佈局 self.setupUi(self) # 設置子窗體最小尺寸 self.setMinimumWidth(30) self.setMinimumHeight(30) class Second(QWidget, Ui_Second): def __init__(self): super(Second,self).__init__() self.setupUi(self) self.setMinimumWidth(30) self.setMinimumHeight(30) if __name__ == '__main__': import sys app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv) MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow() ui = Ui_MainWindow() ui.setupUi(MainWindow) MainWindow.show() sys.exit(app.exec_())
first.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'first.ui' # # Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.11.3 # # WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost! from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets class Ui_First(object): def setupUi(self, Ui_First): Ui_First.setObjectName("MainWindow") Ui_First.resize(800, 600) # self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(Ui_First) # self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget") self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(Ui_First) self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout") self.frame_2 = QtWidgets.QFrame(Ui_First) self.frame_2.setStyleSheet("background-color:white;") self.frame_2.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel) self.frame_2.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised) self.frame_2.setObjectName("frame_2") self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.frame_2) self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(300, 180, 181, 81)) font = QtGui.QFont() font.setPointSize(20) font.setBold(True) font.setWeight(75) self.label.setFont(font) self.label.setObjectName("label") self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.frame_2) # Ui_First.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget) # self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(Ui_First) # self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23)) # self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar") # Ui_First.setMenuBar(self.menubar) # self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(Ui_First) # self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar") # Ui_First.setStatusBar(self.statusbar) self.retranslateUi(Ui_First) QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Ui_First) def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow): _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow")) self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "這是界面1"))
second.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'second.ui' # # Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.11.3 # # WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost! from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets class Ui_Second(object): def setupUi(self, Ui_Second): Ui_Second.setObjectName("MainWindow") Ui_Second.resize(800, 600) # self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(Ui_Second) # self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget") self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(Ui_Second) self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout") self.frame_2 = QtWidgets.QFrame(Ui_Second) self.frame_2.setStyleSheet("background-color:green;") self.frame_2.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel) self.frame_2.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised) self.frame_2.setObjectName("frame_2") self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.frame_2) self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(300, 180, 181, 81)) font = QtGui.QFont() font.setPointSize(20) font.setBold(True) font.setWeight(75) self.label.setFont(font) self.label.setObjectName("label") self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.frame_2) # Ui_Second.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget) # self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(Ui_Second) # self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23)) # self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar") # Ui_Second.setMenuBar(self.menubar) # self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(Ui_Second) # self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar") # Ui_Second.setStatusBar(self.statusbar) self.retranslateUi(Ui_Second) QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Ui_Second) def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow): _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow")) self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "這是界面2"))
以上為個人經驗,希望能給大傢一個參考,也希望大傢多多支持WalkonNet。如有錯誤或未考慮完全的地方,望不吝賜教。
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