Java實現計算器設計
本文實例為大傢分享瞭Java實現計算器設計的具體代碼,供大傢參考,具體內容如下
需求分析
- 目的是實現一個基於Java的可以求解帶括號加減乘除表達式的帶界面的計算器。
- 需要知道的Java技術:Java Swing(Java圖形界面設計)、Java集合(棧)、lambda表達式、Java基礎等。
設計思路
1、實現一個Java計算器界面類
2、實現一個Java計算帶括號加減乘除表達式的類
3、實現主函數調用
設計實現
Java計算器項目結構:
Calculator類為計算器界面設計、Calculate類為計算帶括號加減乘除表達式的類,Main函數為項目程序入口。
Java計算器界面設計實現代碼:
package Calculator; import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.CardLayout; import java.awt.Dimension; import java.awt.GridLayout; import java.awt.TextField; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JMenu; import javax.swing.JMenuBar; import javax.swing.JMenuItem; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.JTextField; public class Calculator extends JFrame{ private double result=0; private int count=0; public Calculator() { this.setSize(330,399); this.setTitle("計算器"); init(); // this.pack(); this.setVisible(true); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public void init() {//初始化界面 this.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); //總體佈局為邊框式佈局 /* * 總體邊框式佈局north放置文本框 */ JTextField textField=new JTextField(); textField.disable(); textField.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(this.getWidth(),50)); this.add(textField,BorderLayout.NORTH); /* * 總體邊框式佈局center放置@panel(邊框式佈局) * @panel邊框式佈局north放置@panelN(網格佈局) * @panel邊框式佈局center放置@panelC(卡片式佈局) * @panelC卡片來切換@panel0(標準)和@panel1(科學)兩種模式 * @panel0,@panel1均為網格佈局 */ JPanel panel=new JPanel(); panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); this.add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER); JPanel panelN=new JPanel(); panelN.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,6)); JButton MC=new JButton("MC"); JButton MR=new JButton("MR"); JButton M0=new JButton("M+"); JButton M1=new JButton("M-"); JButton MS=new JButton("MS"); JButton M=new JButton("M"); panelN.add(MC);panelN.add(MR);panelN.add(M0); panelN.add(M1);panelN.add(MS);panelN.add(M); panel.add(panelN,BorderLayout.NORTH); CardLayout cardLayout=new CardLayout(); JPanel panelC=new JPanel(); panelC.setLayout(cardLayout); JPanel panel0=new JPanel(); panel0.setLayout(new GridLayout(6,4)); JButton[] standredButton=new JButton[24]; String str[]={"%","√","x²","1/x", "CE","C","×","/", "7","8","9","*", "4","5","6","-", "1","2","3","+", "±","0",".","=" }; for(int i=0;i<standredButton.length;i++) { standredButton[i]=new JButton(str[i]); String text=standredButton[i].getText(); standredButton[i].addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(text.equals("CE")||text.equals("C")) { textField.setText(""); } else if(text.equals("=")) { String expression=textField.getText(); Calculate cal=new Calculate(); textField.setText(cal.evaluateExpression(expression)+""); } else if(text.equals("%")) { } else if(text.equals("√")) { result=Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); result=Math.sqrt(result); textField.setText(result+""); } else if(text.equals("x²")) { result=Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); result*=result; textField.setText(result+""); } else if(text.equals("1/x")) { result=Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); result=1/result; textField.setText(result+""); } else if(text.equals("±")) { if(count==0) { textField.setText(textField.getText()+"-"); count=1; } else { textField.setText(textField.getText()+"+"); count=0; } } else if(text.equals("×")) { textField.setText(textField.getText().substring(0, textField.getText().length()-1)); } else { textField.setText(textField.getText()+text); } } } ); panel0.add(standredButton[i]); } panelC.add(panel0); JPanel panel1=new JPanel(); panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(7,5)); JButton scienceButton[]=new JButton[35]; String str1[]= { "x²","x^y","sin","cos","tan", "√","10^x","log","Exp","Mod", "↑","CE","C","×","/", "π","7","8","9","*", "n!","4","5","6","-", "±","1","2","3","+", "(",")","0",".","=" }; for(int i=0;i<str1.length;i++) { scienceButton[i]=new JButton(str1[i]); //scienceButton[i].addActionListener(); panel1.add(scienceButton[i]); } panelC.add(panel1); panel.add(panelC,BorderLayout.CENTER); /* * 菜單 */ JMenuBar menuBar=new JMenuBar(); this.setJMenuBar(menuBar); JMenu modelMenu=new JMenu("模式"); menuBar.add(modelMenu); JMenuItem standred=new JMenuItem("標準"); standred.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub cardLayout.first(panelC); } }); modelMenu.add(standred); JMenuItem science=new JMenuItem("科學"); science.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub cardLayout.last(panelC); } }); modelMenu.add(science); } /* private class ButtonAction implements ActionListener{ @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } } */ }
Java計算帶括號加減乘除表達式類的實現:
package Calculator; import java.util.*; /* *使用此類直接調用evaluateExpression方法即可,傳入需計算的表達式,返回計算結果 */ public class Calculate { //這個函數的作用就是使用空格分割字符串,以便後面使用分割函數使得將字符串分割成數組 public String insetBlanks(String s) { String result = ""; for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) { if (s.charAt(i) == '(' || s.charAt(i) == ')' || s.charAt(i) == '+' || s.charAt(i) == '-' || s.charAt(i) == '*' || s.charAt(i) == '/') result += " " + s.charAt(i) + " "; else result += s.charAt(i); } return result; } public double evaluateExpression(String expression) { Stack<Double> operandStack = new Stack<>(); Stack<Character> operatorStack = new Stack<>(); expression = insetBlanks(expression); String[] tokens = expression.split(" "); for (String token : tokens) { if (token.length() == 0) //如果是空格的話就繼續循環,什麼也不操作 continue; //如果是加減的話,因為加減的優先級最低,因此這裡的隻要遇到加減號,無論操作符棧中的是什麼運算符都要運算 else if (token.charAt(0) == '+' || token.charAt(0) == '-') { //當棧不是空的,並且棧中最上面的一個元素是加減乘除的人任意一個 while (!operatorStack.isEmpty()&&(operatorStack.peek() == '-' || operatorStack.peek() == '+' || operatorStack.peek() == '/' || operatorStack.peek() == '*')) { processAnOperator(operandStack, operatorStack); //開始運算 } operatorStack.push(token.charAt(0)); //運算完之後將當前的運算符入棧 } //當前運算符是乘除的時候,因為優先級高於加減,因此要判斷最上面的是否是乘除,如果是乘除就運算,否則的話直接入棧 else if (token.charAt(0) == '*' || token.charAt(0) == '/') { while (!operatorStack.isEmpty()&&(operatorStack.peek() == '/' || operatorStack.peek() == '*')) { processAnOperator(operandStack, operatorStack); } operatorStack.push(token.charAt(0)); //將當前操作符入棧 } //如果是左括號的話直接入棧,什麼也不用操作,trim()函數是用來去除空格的,由於上面的分割操作可能會令操作符帶有空格 else if (token.trim().charAt(0) == '(') { operatorStack.push('('); } //如果是右括號的話,清除棧中的運算符直至左括號 else if (token.trim().charAt(0) == ')') { while (operatorStack.peek() != '(') { processAnOperator(operandStack, operatorStack); //開始運算 } operatorStack.pop(); //這裡的是運算完之後清除左括號 } //這裡如果是數字的話直接如數據的棧 else { operandStack.push(Double.parseDouble(token)); //將數字字符串轉換成數字然後壓入棧中 } } //最後當棧中不是空的時候繼續運算,知道棧中為空即可 while (!operatorStack.isEmpty()) { processAnOperator(operandStack, operatorStack); } return operandStack.pop(); //此時數據棧中的數據就是運算的結果 } //這個函數的作用就是處理棧中的兩個數據,然後將棧中的兩個數據運算之後將結果存儲在棧中 public void processAnOperator(Stack<Double> operandStack, Stack<Character> operatorStack) { char op = operatorStack.pop(); //彈出一個操作符 Double op1 = operandStack.pop(); //從存儲數據的棧中彈出連個兩個數用來和操作符op運算 Double op2 = operandStack.pop(); if (op == '+') //如果操作符為+就執行加運算 operandStack.push(op1 + op2); else if (op == '-') operandStack.push(op2 - op1); //因為這個是棧的結構,自然是上面的數字是後面的,因此用op2-op1 else if (op == '*') operandStack.push(op1 * op2); else if (op == '/') operandStack.push(op2 / op1); } }
主函數:
package Calculator; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Calculator calculator=new Calculator(); } }
設計實現展示
可以隨意縮小放大界面,界面部件會跟隨界面大小自適應調整。
其他功能
目前實現瞭標準型計算,科學型計算更加復雜,實現瞭界面,沒有計算功能,後續可能會繼續開發,敬請期待。
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