C++實現LeetCode(154.尋找旋轉有序數組的最小值之二)
[LeetCode] 154. Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array II 尋找旋轉有序數組的最小值之二
Suppose an array sorted in ascending order is rotated at some pivot unknown to you beforehand.
(i.e., [0,1,2,4,5,6,7] might become [4,5,6,7,0,1,2]).
Find the minimum element.
The array may contain duplicates.
Example 1:
Input: [1,3,5]
Output: 1
Example 2:
Input: [2,2,2,0,1]
Output: 0
Note:
- This is a follow up problem to Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array.
- Would allow duplicates affect the run-time complexity? How and why?
這道尋找旋轉有序重復數組的最小值是之前那道 Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array 的拓展,當數組中存在大量的重復數字時,就會破壞二分查找法的機制,將無法取得 O(lgn) 的時間復雜度,又將會回到簡單粗暴的 O(n),比如這兩種情況:{2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 1, 1, 2} 和 {2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2},可以發現,當第一個數字和最後一個數字,還有中間那個數字全部相等的時候,二分查找法就崩潰瞭,因為它無法判斷到底該去左半邊還是右半邊。這種情況下,將右指針左移一位(或者將左指針右移一位),略過一個相同數字,這對結果不會產生影響,因為隻是去掉瞭一個相同的,然後對剩餘的部分繼續用二分查找法,在最壞的情況下,比如數組所有元素都相同,時間復雜度會升到 O(n),參見代碼如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: int findMin(vector<int>& nums) { int left = 0, right = (int)nums.size() - 1; while (left < right) { int mid = left + (right - left) / 2; if (nums[mid] > nums[right]) left = mid + 1; else if (nums[mid] < nums[right]) right = mid; else --right; } return nums[right]; } };
跟之前那道 Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array 一樣,還是可以用分治法 Divide and Conquer 來解,不過寫法跟之前那道略有不同,隻有在 nums[start] < nums[end] 的時候,才能返回 nums[start],等於的時候不能返回,比如 [3, 1, 3] 這個數組,或者當 start 等於 end 成立的時候,也可以直接返回 nums[start],後面的操作跟之前那道題相同,每次將區間 [start, end] 從中間 mid 位置分為兩段,分別調用遞歸函數,並比較返回值,每次取返回值較小的那個即可,參見代碼如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: int findMin(vector<int>& nums) { return helper(nums, 0, (int)nums.size() - 1); } int helper(vector<int>& nums, int start, int end) { if (start == end) return nums[start]; if (nums[start] < nums[end]) return nums[start]; int mid = (start + end) / 2; return min(helper(nums, start, mid), helper(nums, mid + 1, end)); } };
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/154
類似題目:
Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array
參考資料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/find-minimum-in-rotated-sorted-array-ii/
https://leetcode.com/problems/find-minimum-in-rotated-sorted-array-ii/discuss/48808/My-pretty-simple-code-to-solve-it
https://leetcode.com/problems/find-minimum-in-rotated-sorted-array-ii/discuss/167981/Beats-100-Binary-Search-with-Explanations
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