一篇文章帶你瞭解C++的KMP算法
KMP算法
KMP算法作用:字符串匹配
例如母串S = “aaagoogleaaa”;
子串T= “google”;
步驟1:先計算子串中的前後綴數組Next
g | o | o | g | l | e |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
next[0] | next[1] | next[2] | next[3] | next[4] | next[5] |
-1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
C++代碼:
//步驟1: void GetNext(string Tsub, vector<int>& Next) { int j = 0, k = -1; Next[0] = k; while (j < Tsub.length() - 1) { if (k == -1 || Tsub[j] == Tsub[k]) { Next[++j] = ++k; } else { k = Next[k]; } } }
步驟2:查找子串在母串中出現的位置。
//步驟2: int KMP(string S, string T, vector<int> Next) { int i = 0, j = 0; int m = S.length(); int n = T.length(); while (i < m && j < n) { if (j == -1 || S[i] == T[j]) { i++; j++; } else { j = Next[j]; } } if (j == n) { return i - j; } else { return -1; } }
結合上面兩個步驟寫出完整代碼:
#include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; //步驟1: void GetNext(string Tsub, vector<int>& Next) { int j = 0, k = -1; Next[0] = k; while (j < Tsub.length() - 1) { if (k == -1 || Tsub[j] == Tsub[k]) { Next[++j] = ++k; } else { k = Next[k]; } } } //步驟2: int KMP(string S, string T, vector<int> Next) { int i = 0, j = 0; int m = S.length(); int n = T.length(); while (i < m && j < n) { if (j == -1 || S[i] == T[j]) { i++; j++; } else { j = Next[j]; } } if (j == n) { return i - j; } else { return -1; } } int main() { string S = "aaagoogleaaa"; string T = "google"; vector<int> Next(T.length()); GetNext(T, Next); int retVal = KMP(S, T, Next); if (retVal == -1) { std::cout << "can't Index" << std::endl; } else { std::cout << "Index :" << retVal << std::endl; } return 0; }
總結
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