python內置函數之slice案例詳解
英文文檔：
class slice(stop) class slice(start, stop[, step]) Return a slice object representing the set of indices specified by range(start, stop, step). The start and step arguments default to None. Slice objects have read-only data attributes start, stop and step which merely return the argument values (or their default). They have no other explicit functionality; however they are used by Numerical Python and other third party extensions. Slice objects are also generated when extended indexing syntax is used. For example: a[start:stop:step] or a[start:stop, i]. See itertools.islice() for an alternate version that returns an iterator.
說明：
1. 函數實際上是一個切片類的構造函數，返回一個切片對象。
2. 切片對象由3個屬性start、stop、step組成，start和step默認值為None。切片對象主要用於對序列對象進行切片取對應元素。
>>> help(slice) class slice(object) | slice(stop) | slice(start, stop[, step]) | | Create a slice object. This is used for extended slicing (e.g. a[0:10:2]). | | Methods defined here: | | ...#省略# | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data descriptors defined here: | | start | | step | | stop | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data and other attributes defined here: | | __hash__ = None
>>> a = list(range(10)) >>> a [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> a[None:5:None] # start step顯式為None [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] >>> a[:5:] # start step默認為None [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] >>> a[2:5:None] # step顯式為None [2, 3, 4] >>> a[2:5:] # step默認為None [2, 3, 4] >>> a[1:10:3] [1, 4, 7]
3. 對應切片對象的3個屬性start、stop、step，slice函數也有3個對應的參數start、stop、step，其值分別會付給切片對象的start、stop、step。
>>> c1 = slice(5) # 定義c1 >>> c1 slice(None, 5, None) >>> c2 = slice(2,5) # 定義c2 >>> c2 slice(2, 5, None) >>> c3 = slice(1,10,3) # 定義c3 >>> c3 slice(1, 10, 3) >>> a[c1] # 和a[:5:]結果相同 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] >>> a[c2] # 和a[2:5:]結果相同 [2, 3, 4] >>> a[c3] # 和a[1:10:3]結果相同 [1, 4, 7]
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