mysql觸發器實時檢測一條語句進行備份刪除思路詳解
問題描述:用戶有一個這樣一個需求,在一張表裡會不時出現 “違規” 字樣的字段,需要在出現這個字段的時候,把整行的數據刪掉。這是個采集任務,如果發現有“違規”字樣的數據,會整點或者什麼時間進行統一上報,也無法對源頭進行控制讓這種數據不生成。
現在需要實現以下需求:
1.實時檢測這條數據的產生,發現後刪除
2.在刪除之前作備份這條數據
解決思路:
需要明確解決思路,
1.首先是如何實時探測刪除?詢問開發,這條數據的生成方式為insert,就可以做一個當表做插入的時候,然後做一個after insert 做delete數據的觸發器
2.如何進行備份?何種方式備份?能不能備份到一個表裡,這個表裡記錄每次插入的時間,建立這個備份表可以取與原表結構基本相同,但是備份表要刪除原表的自增屬性,主鍵,外鍵等屬性,新增一個時間戳字段,方便記錄每次備份數據的時間,刪除以上屬性是為瞭能夠把數據寫入備份表中
3.如何在刪除之前做備份呢?一開始想的是放到一個觸發器就行,先把數據進行備份,然後後面跟著一條刪除,測試的時候行不通
測試方案:
先準備一些測試數據和測試表
1.建立測試數據
mysql> show create table student; +---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | student | CREATE TABLE `student` ( `Sno` char(9) NOT NULL, `Sname` char(20) NOT NULL, `Ssex` char(2) DEFAULT NULL, `Sage` smallint DEFAULT NULL, `Sdept` char(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`Sno`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | +---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
2.建立備份表。查看建表語句,正式環境是不知道原表的表結構的,需要有改原表結構,並創建新備份表的操作的
原表建表語句
mysql> show create table student; +---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | student | CREATE TABLE `student` ( `Sno` char(9) NOT NULL, `Sname` char(20) NOT NULL, `Ssex` char(2) DEFAULT NULL, `Sage` smallint DEFAULT NULL, `Sdept` char(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`Sno`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | +---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
3.準備備份語句,刪除語句,插入測試語句
備份語句(因為備份表多一個時間戳的字段,所以備份語句要做修改一下)
mysql> show create table student_bak; +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | student_bak | CREATE TABLE `student_bak` ( `Sno` char(9) NOT NULL, `Sname` char(20) NOT NULL, `Ssex` char(2) DEFAULT NULL, `Sage` smallint DEFAULT NULL, `Sdept` char(20) DEFAULT NULL, `create_date` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | +-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
備份效果
插入測試語句:
insert into student values('201215124','張三','男',20,'EL');
刪除語句(刪除數據一定要寫精準瞭,到時候刪什麼,就要備份什麼)
delete from student where Sdept='EL';
4.實際測試方案
4.1 把兩條語句寫進一個觸發器(操作失敗,邏輯執行不成功)
drop trigger if exists test_trigger; DELIMITER $ CREATE TRIGGER test_trigger AFTER INSERT ON student2 FOR EACH ROW BEGIN insert into student_bak(Sno,Sname,Ssex,Sage,Sdept) select * from student where Sdept='EL'; delete from student where Sdept='EL'; END $ DELIMITER ;
4.2 準備兩個單獨的觸發器,一個是當原表出現這條數據時,插入到備份表實現備份的效果。第二個觸發器是做備份表備份完數據之後,在做一個刪除原表該條數據的觸發器,然後實現備份完刪除的效果(還是操作失敗),執行報錯,說的是觸發器有沖突還是什麼的,這樣做讓數據庫不知道執行邏輯瞭。
4.3 做一個在原表如果進行刪除目標數據,然後備份該條數據到備份表的觸發器。最後再實現實時探測目標數據出現然後刪除的操作就行瞭,不局限於觸發器的思維,做一個定時任務就可以瞭(操作成功)
比如下面測試的當數據庫的表中Sdept字段出現瞭一個叫‘EL’的字段時,需要把整行數據刪除掉
drop trigger if exists student_bak_trigger; DELIMITER $ CREATE TRIGGER student_bak_trigger BEFORE DELETE ON student FOR EACH ROW BEGIN insert into student_bak(Sno,Sname,Ssex,Sage,Sdept) select * from student where Sdept='EL'; END $ DELIMITER ;
這個觸發器就實現瞭,如果原表的目標數據被刪除瞭,觸發器觸發瞭就會備份該條數據
mysql> select * from student; +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+ | 201215121 | 李勇 | 男 | 20 | CS | | 201215122 | 劉晨 | 女 | 19 | CS | | 201215123 | 王敏 | 女 | 18 | MA | | 201215130 | 兵丁 | 男 | 20 | CH | +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student_bak; +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+---------------------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | create_date | +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+---------------------+ | 201215124 | 張三 | 男 | 20 | EL | 2021-09-18 15:42:20 | +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into student values('201215125','王五','男',30,'EL'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student; +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+ | 201215121 | 李勇 | 男 | 20 | CS | | 201215122 | 劉晨 | 女 | 19 | CS | | 201215123 | 王敏 | 女 | 18 | MA | | 201215125 | 王五 | 男 | 30 | EL | | 201215130 | 兵丁 | 男 | 20 | CH | +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student_bak; +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+---------------------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | create_date | +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+---------------------+ | 201215124 | 張三 | 男 | 20 | EL | 2021-09-18 15:42:20 | +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> delete from student where Sdept='EL'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from student_bak; +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+---------------------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | create_date | +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+---------------------+ | 201215124 | 張三 | 男 | 20 | EL | 2021-09-18 15:42:20 | | 201215125 | 王五 | 男 | 30 | EL | 2021-09-18 15:47:28 | +-----------+--------+------+------+-------+---------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
最後實現一個定時任務,來循環的刪除一個叫‘EL’的字段的整行數據,這裡的定時任務是面向全局的,一定要加上數據庫名和具體表名,定時任務的執行速度是可以手動調整的,下面為3s/次,以便實現需要的效果
create event if not exists e_test_event on schedule every 3 second on completion preserve do delete from abc.student where Sdept='EL';
關閉定時任務:
mysql> alter event e_test_event ON COMPLETION PRESERVE DISABLE; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看定時任務:
mysql> select * from information_schema.events\G;*************************** 4. row *************************** EVENT_CATALOG: def EVENT_SCHEMA: abc EVENT_NAME: e_test_event DEFINER: root@% TIME_ZONE: SYSTEM EVENT_BODY: SQL EVENT_DEFINITION: delete from abc.student where Sdept='EL' EVENT_TYPE: RECURRING EXECUTE_AT: NULL INTERVAL_VALUE: 3 INTERVAL_FIELD: SECOND SQL_MODE: ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION STARTS: 2021-09-17 13:35:44 ENDS: NULL STATUS: ENABLED ON_COMPLETION: PRESERVE CREATED: 2021-09-17 13:35:44 LAST_ALTERED: 2021-09-17 13:35:44 LAST_EXECUTED: 2021-09-18 15:43:35 EVENT_COMMENT: ORIGINATOR: 3330614 CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT: utf8mb4 COLLATION_CONNECTION: utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DATABASE_COLLATION: utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看觸發器:
mysql> select * from information_schema.triggers\G; *************************** 5. row *************************** TRIGGER_CATALOG: def TRIGGER_SCHEMA: abc TRIGGER_NAME: student_bak_trigger EVENT_MANIPULATION: DELETE EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG: def EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA: abc EVENT_OBJECT_TABLE: student ACTION_ORDER: 1 ACTION_CONDITION: NULL ACTION_STATEMENT: BEGIN insert into student_bak(Sno,Sname,Ssex,Sage,Sdept) select * from student where Sdept='EL'; END ACTION_ORIENTATION: ROW ACTION_TIMING: BEFORE ACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_TABLE: NULL ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_TABLE: NULL ACTION_REFERENCE_OLD_ROW: OLD ACTION_REFERENCE_NEW_ROW: NEW CREATED: 2021-09-18 15:41:48.53 SQL_MODE: ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION DEFINER: root@% CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT: utf8mb4 COLLATION_CONNECTION: utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DATABASE_COLLATION: utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
實現效果:
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