C/C++中CJSON的使用(創建與解析JSON數據)

一、cJSON介紹

cJSON 是一個超輕巧,攜帶方便,單文件,可以作為 ANSI-C 標準的 JSON 解析器,是一個用C語言編寫的簡單好用的JSON解析器;它隻包含一個C文件和一個頭文件,可以非常容易集成到自己工程項目中。

並且cJSON是用ANSI C(C89)編寫的,可以兼容所有支持C語言的平臺和編譯器。

cJSON下載地址: https://sourceforge.net/projects/cjson/

cJSON的GitHub倉庫地址:https://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON

二、JSON簡介、語法介紹

2.1 JSON是什麼?

JSON是JavaScript Object Notation(JavaScript對象表示法),是一種輕量級的數據交換格式。

JSON主要是用來存儲和交換文本信息,類似XML格式;但是JSON比XML更小、更快,更易解析。

JSON是基於ECMAScript (歐洲計算機協會制定的js規范)的一個子集,采用完全獨立於編程語言的文本格式來存儲和表示數據。

簡潔和清晰的層次結構使得 JSON 成為理想的數據交換語言。 易於人閱讀和編寫,同時也易於機器解析和生成,並有效地提升網絡傳輸效率。 比如: Web服務器接口基本都是采用JSON反饋數據,采用JSON格式字符串來描述符信息。 JSON文件的後綴一般是.json,這個隻是為瞭方便辨識。

簡單的說,JSON就是按照指定格式序列化的字符串,就算不使用任何現成的解析庫,自己也可以按照正常解析字符串的思路去解析;有現成的標準JSON解析庫,那就大大減輕瞭我們的工作量。

JSON格式的數據示例: 這是表示當前時間的JSON字符串

{
  "success": "1",
  "result": {
    "timestamp": "1631849514",
    "datetime_1": "2021-09-17 20:31:54",
    "datetime_2": "2021年09月17日 20時31分54秒",
    "week_1": "5",
    "week_2": "星期五",
    "week_3": "周五",
    "week_4": "Friday"
  }
}

JSON格式的數據示例: 這是表示未來幾天天氣預報的json字符串

{
  "success": "1",
  "result": [
    {
      "weaid": "1",
      "days": "2021-09-17",
      "week": "星期五",
      "cityno": "beijing",
      "citynm": "北京",
      "cityid": "101010100",
      "temperature": "26℃/17℃",
      "humidity": "0%/0%",
      "weather": "晴",
      "weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/0.gif",
      "weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/0.gif",
      "wind": "北風轉西南風",
      "winp": "小於3級",
      "temp_high": "26",
      "temp_low": "17",
      "humi_high": "0",
      "humi_low": "0",
      "weatid": "1",
      "weatid1": "1",
      "windid": "8",
      "winpid": "0",
      "weather_iconid": "0",
      "weather_iconid1": "0"
    },
    {
      "weaid": "1",
      "days": "2021-09-18",
      "week": "星期六",
      "cityno": "beijing",
      "citynm": "北京",
      "cityid": "101010100",
      "temperature": "25℃/17℃",
      "humidity": "0%/0%",
      "weather": "多雲",
      "weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/1.gif",
      "weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/1.gif",
      "wind": "西南風",
      "winp": "小於3級",
      "temp_high": "25",
      "temp_low": "17",
      "humi_high": "0",
      "humi_low": "0",
      "weatid": "2",
      "weatid1": "2",
      "windid": "5",
      "winpid": "0",
      "weather_iconid": "1",
      "weather_iconid1": "1"
    },
    {
      "weaid": "1",
      "days": "2021-09-19",
      "week": "星期日",
      "cityno": "beijing",
      "citynm": "北京",
      "cityid": "101010100",
      "temperature": "19℃/15℃",
      "humidity": "0%/0%",
      "weather": "小雨轉中雨",
      "weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/7.gif",
      "weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/8.gif",
      "wind": "西南風轉北風",
      "winp": "小於3級轉小於3級",
      "temp_high": "19",
      "temp_low": "15",
      "humi_high": "0",
      "humi_low": "0",
      "weatid": "8",
      "weatid1": "9",
      "windid": "5",
      "winpid": "0",
      "weather_iconid": "7",
      "weather_iconid1": "8"
    },
    {
      "weaid": "1",
      "days": "2021-09-20",
      "week": "星期一",
      "cityno": "beijing",
      "citynm": "北京",
      "cityid": "101010100",
      "temperature": "26℃/16℃",
      "humidity": "0%/0%",
      "weather": "多雲轉晴",
      "weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/1.gif",
      "weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/0.gif",
      "wind": "北風",
      "winp": "3-4級轉3-4級",
      "temp_high": "26",
      "temp_low": "16",
      "humi_high": "0",
      "humi_low": "0",
      "weatid": "2",
      "weatid1": "1",
      "windid": "8",
      "winpid": "1",
      "weather_iconid": "1",
      "weather_iconid1": "0"
    },
    {
      "weaid": "1",
      "days": "2021-09-21",
      "week": "星期二",
      "cityno": "beijing",
      "citynm": "北京",
      "cityid": "101010100",
      "temperature": "27℃/16℃",
      "humidity": "0%/0%",
      "weather": "晴",
      "weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/0.gif",
      "weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/0.gif",
      "wind": "西北風轉北風",
      "winp": "小於3級",
      "temp_high": "27",
      "temp_low": "16",
      "humi_high": "0",
      "humi_low": "0",
      "weatid": "1",
      "weatid1": "1",
      "windid": "7",
      "winpid": "0",
      "weather_iconid": "0",
      "weather_iconid1": "0"
    },
    {
      "weaid": "1",
      "days": "2021-09-22",
      "week": "星期三",
      "cityno": "beijing",
      "citynm": "北京",
      "cityid": "101010100",
      "temperature": "26℃/18℃",
      "humidity": "0%/0%",
      "weather": "多雲",
      "weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/1.gif",
      "weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/1.gif",
      "wind": "北風轉東北風",
      "winp": "小於3級",
      "temp_high": "26",
      "temp_low": "18",
      "humi_high": "0",
      "humi_low": "0",
      "weatid": "2",
      "weatid1": "2",
      "windid": "8",
      "winpid": "0",
      "weather_iconid": "1",
      "weather_iconid1": "1"
    },
    {
      "weaid": "1",
      "days": "2021-09-23",
      "week": "星期四",
      "cityno": "beijing",
      "citynm": "北京",
      "cityid": "101010100",
      "temperature": "24℃/16℃",
      "humidity": "0%/0%",
      "weather": "多雲",
      "weather_icon": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/d/1.gif",
      "weather_icon1": "http://api.k780.com/upload/weather/n/1.gif",
      "wind": "東北風",
      "winp": "小於3級",
      "temp_high": "24",
      "temp_low": "16",
      "humi_high": "0",
      "humi_low": "0",
      "weatid": "2",
      "weatid1": "2",
      "windid": "1",
      "winpid": "0",
      "weather_iconid": "1",
      "weather_iconid1": "1"
    }
  ]
}

2.2 JSON語法介紹

JSON裡就分為兩種結構: 對象和數組,通過這兩種結構可以表示各種復雜的結構。

JSON語法規則
1. 大括號 { } 用來保存對象
2. 中括號 [ ] 用來保存數組,數組裡也可以包含多個對象,對象裡又可以包含數組,可以嵌套
3. JSON的值表示語法: key : value –> “width”: 1280
4. 多個數據由逗號分隔: {“width”: 1920,”height”: 1080}

JSON值可以是以下幾種類型:
1. 數字(整數或浮點數)
2. 字符串(在雙引號中)
3. 邏輯值(true 或 false)
4. 數組(在中括號中)
5. 對象(在大括號中)
6. null (空值)

三、cJSON創建簡單JSON數據並解析

3.1 新建工程

這是下載下來的cJSON源文件,將它加到自己工程中即可。

我這裡使用VS2017建立工程,演示實例。

建好工程之後,將文件添加到工程裡:

在VS2017裡使用C語言的字符串處理函數會報錯,提示不安全;

1>d:\linux-share-dir\vs2017\console_cjsontest\console_cjsontest\cjson.c(155): error C4996: ‘strcpy’: This function or variable may be unsafe. Consider using strcpy_s instead. To disable deprecation, use _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. See online help for details.

解決辦法是:找到【項目屬性】,點擊【C++】裡的【預處理器】,對【預處理器】進行編輯,在裡面加入一段代碼:_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS。

3.2 創建JSON數據

接下來目標是使用cJSON創建出下面這樣一個JSON格式數據:

{
  "text": "我是一個字符串數據",
  "number": 666,
  "state1": false,
  "state2": true,
  "state3": null
}

示例代碼如下:

#include <iostream>
 
//因為當前工程使用的是cpp後綴文件,引用C語言的文件需要使用下面的這種方式
extern "C" {
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cJSON.h"
}
 
int main()
{
	//1. 創建cJSON對象
	cJSON* root = cJSON_CreateObject();
	
	//2. 創建數據
	cJSON_AddStringToObject(root, "text","我是一個字符串數據");
	cJSON_AddNumberToObject(root,"number",666);
	cJSON_AddBoolToObject(root, "state1", cJSON_False);
	cJSON_AddBoolToObject(root, "state2", cJSON_True);
	cJSON_AddNullToObject(root, "state3");
 
	//3. 打印生成的結果
	char *json_data=cJSON_PrintUnformatted(root);
	printf("%s\n",json_data);
 
	//4. 釋放空間
	cJSON_Delete(root);
	return 0;
}
 

3.3 解析JSON數據

#include <iostream>
 
//因為當前工程使用的是cpp後綴文件,引用C語言的文件需要使用下面的這種方式
extern "C" {
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cJSON.h"
}
 
//將要解析的JSON數據. 
char data[] =
"{"
	"\"text\": \"我是一個字符串數據\","
	"\"number\" : 666,"
	"\"state1\" : false,"
	"\"state2\" : true,"
	"\"state3\" : null"
"}";
 
 
int main()
{
	//1. 載入JSON數據
	cJSON* root = cJSON_Parse(data);
	if (root == NULL)return 0;
 
	//2. 解析字段
	cJSON* item;
 
	item=cJSON_GetObjectItem(root,"text");
	if (item)
	{
		printf("text=%s\n",item->valuestring);
	}
 
	item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "number");
	if (item)
	{
		printf("text=%d\n", item->valueint);
	}
 
	item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "state1");
	if (item)
	{
		printf("state1=%d\n", item->valueint);
	}
 
	item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "state2");
	if (item)
	{
		printf("state2=%d\n", item->valueint);
	}
 
	item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "state3");
	if (item)
	{
		printf("state3=%d\n", item->valueint);
	}
 
	//3. 釋放空間
	cJSON_Delete(root);
	return 0;
}
 

四、cJSON創建嵌套的對象數據

目標: 使用cJSON創建出下面這樣一個JSON格式數據

{
  "data1": {
    "text": "我是一個字符串數據1",
    "number": 666,
    "state1": false,
    "state2": true,
    "state3": null
  },
  "data2": {
    "text": "我是一個字符串數據2",
    "number": 666,
    "state1": false,
    "state2": true,
    "state3": null
  }
}

4.1 創建json數據

#include <iostream>
 
//因為當前工程使用的是cpp後綴文件,引用C語言的文件需要使用下面的這種方式
extern "C" {
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cJSON.h"
}
 
int main()
{
	//1. 創建cJSON對象
	cJSON* root = cJSON_CreateObject();
	
	//2. 創建對象數據1
	cJSON* item1 = cJSON_CreateObject();
	cJSON_AddStringToObject(item1, "text","我是一個字符串數據1");
	cJSON_AddNumberToObject(item1,"number",666);
	cJSON_AddBoolToObject(item1, "state1", cJSON_False);
	cJSON_AddBoolToObject(item1, "state2", cJSON_True);
	cJSON_AddNullToObject(item1, "state3");
	cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "data1", item1);
 
	//3. 創建對象數據2
	cJSON* item2 = cJSON_CreateObject();
	cJSON_AddStringToObject(item2, "text", "我是一個字符串數據2");
	cJSON_AddNumberToObject(item2, "number", 666);
	cJSON_AddBoolToObject(item2, "state1", cJSON_False);
	cJSON_AddBoolToObject(item2, "state2", cJSON_True);
	cJSON_AddNullToObject(item2, "state3");
	cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "data2", item2);
 
	//3. 打印生成的結果
	char *json_data=cJSON_PrintUnformatted(root);
	printf("%s\n",json_data);
 
	//4. 釋放空間
	cJSON_Delete(root);
	return 0;
}
 

4.2 解析JSON數據

#include <iostream>
 
//因為當前工程使用的是cpp後綴文件,引用C語言的文件需要使用下面的這種方式
extern "C" {
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cJSON.h"
}
 
//將要解析的JSON數據. 
char data[] =
"{"
	"\"data1\": {"
	"\"text\": \"我是一個字符串數據1\","
	"\"number\" : 666,"
	"\"state1\" : false,"
	"\"state2\" : true,"
	"\"state3\" : null"
	 "},"
	"\"data2\": {"
	"\"text\":\"我是一個字符串數據2\","
	"\"number\" : 666,"
	"\"state1\" : false,"
	"\"state2\" : true,"
	"\"state3\" : null"
	"}"
"}";
 
int main()
{
	//1. 載入JSON數據
	cJSON* root = cJSON_Parse(data);
	if (root == NULL)return 0;
 
	//2. 解析字段
	cJSON* item;
 
	item=cJSON_GetObjectItem(root,"data1");
	if (item)
	{
		cJSON *obj;
		obj=cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "text");
		if (obj)
		{
			printf("text=%s\n", obj->valuestring);
		}
 
		obj=cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "number");
		if (obj)
		{
			printf("number=%d\n", obj->valueint);
		}
 
		obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "state1");
		if (obj)
		{
			printf("state1=%d\n", obj->valueint);
		}
 
		obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "state2");
		if (obj)
		{
			printf("state2=%d\n", obj->valueint);
		}
 
		obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "state3");
		if (obj)
		{
			printf("state3=%d\n", obj->valueint);
		}
	}
 
	item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "data2");
	if (item)
	{
		cJSON *obj;
		obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "text");
		if (obj)
		{
			printf("text=%s\n", obj->valuestring);
		}
 
		obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "number");
		if (obj)
		{
			printf("number=%d\n", obj->valueint);
		}
 
		obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "state1");
		if (obj)
		{
			printf("state1=%d\n", obj->valueint);
		}
 
		obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "state2");
		if (obj)
		{
			printf("state2=%d\n", obj->valueint);
		}
 
		obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "state3");
		if (obj)
		{
			printf("state3=%d\n", obj->valueint);
		}
	}
 
	//3. 釋放空間
	cJSON_Delete(root);
	return 0;
}
 

五、cJSON帶數組的JSON數據

目標: 使用cJSON創建出下面這樣一個JSON格式數據

{
  "text": [
    {
      "width": 1280,
      "height": 720
    },
    {
      "width": 1920,
      "height": 1080
    },
    {
      "width": 3840,
      "height": 2160
    }
  ]
}

5.1 創建json數據

#include <iostream>
 
//因為當前工程使用的是cpp後綴文件,引用C語言的文件需要使用下面的這種方式
extern "C" {
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cJSON.h"
}
 
int main()
{
	cJSON *width = NULL;
	cJSON *height = NULL;
	int i;
	const unsigned int resolution_numbers[3][2] = {
		{1280, 720},
		{1920, 1080},
		{3840, 2160}
	};
 
	//1. 創建cJSON對象
	cJSON* root = cJSON_CreateObject();
	
	//2. 創建數組對象
	cJSON *array = cJSON_CreateArray();
	cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "text", array);
 
	for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(resolution_numbers) / (2 * sizeof(int))); ++i)
	{
		cJSON *obj = cJSON_CreateObject();
		cJSON_AddItemToArray(array, obj);
 
		width = cJSON_CreateNumber(resolution_numbers[i][0]);
		cJSON_AddItemToObject(obj, "width", width);
 
		height = cJSON_CreateNumber(resolution_numbers[i][1]);
		cJSON_AddItemToObject(obj, "height", height);
	}
 
	//3. 打印生成的結果
	char *json_data=cJSON_PrintUnformatted(root);
	printf("%s\n",json_data);
 
	//4. 釋放空間
	cJSON_Delete(root);
	return 0;
}
 

5.2 解析JSON數據

#include <iostream>
 
//因為當前工程使用的是cpp後綴文件,引用C語言的文件需要使用下面的這種方式
extern "C" {
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cJSON.h"
}
 
//將要解析的JSON數據. 
char data[] =
"{"
"\"text\": ["
"{"
"\"width\": 1280,"
"\"height\" : 720"
"},"
"{"
"\"width\": 1920,"
"\"height\" : 1080"
"},"
"{"
"\"width\": 3840,"
"\"height\" : 2160"
"}"
"]"
"}";
 
int main()
{
	//1. 載入JSON數據
	cJSON* root = cJSON_Parse(data);
	if (root == NULL)return 0;
	//2. 解析字段
	cJSON* item;
	int i;
	item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "text");
	if (item)
	{
		//獲取數組的大小
		int ArraySize = cJSON_GetArraySize(item);
		//解析數組的裡的每個成員
		for (i = 0; i < ArraySize; i++)
		{
			//取出數組下標對象
			cJSON *array_item = cJSON_GetArrayItem(item, i);
			if (array_item == NULL)continue;
 
			//解析數據
			cJSON *obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(array_item, "width");
			if (obj)
			{
				printf("width=%d\n",obj->valueint);
			}
			obj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(array_item, "height");
			if (obj)
			{
				printf("height=%d\n", obj->valueint);
			}
		}
	}
	
	//3. 釋放空間
	cJSON_Delete(root);
	return 0;
}
 

到此這篇關於C/C++中CJSON的使用(創建與解析JSON數據)的文章就介紹到這瞭,更多相關C++ CJSON使用內容請搜索WalkonNet以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大傢以後多多支持WalkonNet!

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