Python畫圖小案例之多啦A夢叮當貓超詳細註釋

import math
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
 
class Shape:     # 圖形基類(叮當貓各部件（形狀）共有的屬性)
    def __init__(self, qp, QRect, QColor=QColor("#07bbee")):     # 構造方法參數：形狀，位置坐標，顏色, color="#07bbee"
        self.qp = qp                  #qpainter()的實例
        self.rect = QRect             # 坐標（x1, y1, x2, y2）
        self.color = QColor               #顏色
        self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 3))  #邊線
 
 
class Liner:     #直線類
    def __init__(self, qp, QRect):
        self.qp = qp
        self.rect = QRect
        self.width = 1
 
class Arc:    #弧線類
    def __init__(self, qp, QRect, startAngle, spanAngle):
        self.qp = qp
        self.rect = QRect
        self.startAngle = startAngle
        self.spanAngle = spanAngle
 
class eyeball(Shape):    #眼珠
    def draw(self):
        self.qp.setBrush(self.color)       #設置畫刷
        self.qp.drawEllipse(self.rect)       #畫圓形x,y,w,h  120, 25, 160, 160
 
class mouth(Arc):
    def draw(self):
        self.qp.drawArc(self.rect,self.startAngle,self.spanAngle)  #後面兩個參數分別為 起始角與跨度角
 
class beard(Liner):    #中央豎線
    def draw(self):
        self.qp.drawLine(self.rect)
 
class Beards:         #胡須組合
    def __init__(self, qp, start_point):        # w,h 寬、高
        self.qp = qp                            # 
        self.start_point = start_point          #起始坐標
 
        self.bd0 = beard(self.qp, self.bd0_cacu())
        self.bd1 = beard(self.qp, self.bd1_cacu())
        self.bd2 = beard(self.qp, self.bd2_cacu())
        self.bd00 = beard(self.qp, self.bd00_cacu())
        self.bd11 = beard(self.qp, self.bd11_cacu())
        self.bd22 = beard(self.qp, self.bd22_cacu())
 
    def draw(self):                # 繪制
        self.bd1.draw()
        self.bd0.draw()
        self.bd2.draw()
        self.bd11.draw()
        self.bd00.draw()
        self.bd22.draw()
 
    def bd0_cacu(self):             # 計算胡須的坐標
        x1 = self.start_point[0] - 40
        y1 = self.start_point[1] - 5
        x2 = x1 - 58
        y2 = y1 - 20
        return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
 
    def bd1_cacu(self):             # 計算中間胡須的坐標
        x1 = self.start_point[0] - 40
        y1 = self.start_point[1] + 5
        x2 = x1 -65
        y2 = y1
        return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
 
    def bd2_cacu(self):             # 計算胡須的坐標
        x1 = self.start_point[0] - 40
        y1 = self.start_point[1] + 15
        x2 = x1 -58
        y2 = y1 + 20
        return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
 
    def bd00_cacu(self):             # 計算胡須的坐標
        x1 = self.start_point[0] + 40
        y1 = self.start_point[1] - 5
        x2 = x1 + 58
        y2 = y1 - 20
        return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
 
    def bd11_cacu(self):             # 計算胡須的坐標
        x1 = self.start_point[0] + 40
        y1 = self.start_point[1] + 5
        x2 = x1 + 65
        y2 = y1
        return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
 
    def bd22_cacu(self):             # 計算胡須的坐標
        x1 = self.start_point[0] + 40
        y1 = self.start_point[1] + 15
        x2 = x1 + 58
        y2 = y1 + 20
        return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
 
class head(Shape):   # 頭
    def draw(self):
        ##實例：x1，y1，x2，y2，即漸變的起始點和終止點
        linearGradient = QLinearGradient(420, 0, 100, 280) 
        #線性漸變色的效果，以整個圖形區間為100%，
        #分成多段設置顏色，各顏色按百分比分配。
        linearGradient.setColorAt(0.1, Qt.white)   #10%處白色 
        linearGradient.setColorAt(0.2, self.color)   #60%處綠色 #07bbee
        linearGradient.setColorAt(0.8, self.color)   #60%處綠色 #07bbee
        linearGradient.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.black)       #100%處黑色
        self.qp.setBrush(linearGradient)       #設置畫刷
        # self.qp.setBrush(self.color)
        # qp.drawRoundedRect(120, 25, 160, 160, 40, 40, Qt.RelativeSize)  #畫圓角矩形x1,y1,x2,y2,圓角的角度
        self.qp.drawEllipse(self.rect)       #畫圓形x,y,w,h  120, 25, 160, 160
 
class nose(Shape):    #鼻子
    def draw(self):
        RadialGradient = QRadialGradient(265, 144, 6, 265, 144)  #輻射漸變
        #參數分別為中心坐標，半徑長度和焦點坐標,
        #如果需要對稱那麼中心坐標和焦點坐標要一致  #c93300
        #輻射漸變色的效果，以整個圖形區間為100%，
        #分成多段設置顏色，各顏色按百分比分配。
        RadialGradient.setColorAt(0.0, Qt.white)   #10%處白色 
        RadialGradient.setColorAt(1.0, self.color)   #60%處綠色 #07bbee
        # RadialGradient.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.black)   #100%處黑色
        self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2))            #邊線
        self.qp.setBrush(RadialGradient)       #設置畫刷
        self.qp.drawRoundedRect(self.rect, 80, 80, Qt.RelativeSize)  #畫圓角矩形x,y,w,h,圓角的角度
 
class face(Shape):
    def draw(self):
        self.qp.setPen(Qt.NoPen)           #無邊線
        self.qp.setBrush(self.color)       #設置畫刷
        self.qp.drawEllipse(self.rect)     #畫圓形x,y,w,h  120, 25, 160, 160
 
class eye(Shape):    #眼框
    def draw(self):
        self.qp.setBrush(self.color)       #設置畫刷
        self.qp.drawRoundedRect(self.rect, 90, 90, Qt.RelativeSize)  #畫圓角矩形x1,y1,x2,y2,圓角的角度
 
class Heads:         # 頭部整體（組合頭、臉、眼、鼻、嘴、胡子）
    def __init__(self, qp, start_point,w, h):    # w,h是帽子的寬、高
        self.qp = qp                            # 
        self.start_point = start_point          #起始坐標
        self.w = w
        self.h = h
        self.hd = head(self.qp, self.hd_cacu(), QColor('#07bbee'))      # 例化頭
        self.fc = face(self.qp, self.fc_cacu(), Qt.white)      #臉
        self.nos = nose(self.qp, self.nos_cacu(), QColor("#c93300"))    #鼻子
        self.eye0 = eye(self.qp, self.ey0_cacu(), Qt.white)    # 實例化眼0
        self.eye1 = eye(self.qp, self.ey1_cacu(), Qt.white)    #眼1
        self.bds = Beards(self.qp, (260, 185))         #胡須組合的起始位置
        self.bd = beard(self.qp, self.bd_cacu())       #中央豎線
        self.mt = mouth(self.qp, self.mt_cacu(), 230 * 16, 80 * 16)  #弧線的起始角度, 弧線角度（角度*16）
        self.mt2 = mouth(self.qp, self.mt2_cacu(), 230 * 16, 80 * 16)  #弧線的起始角度, 弧線角度（角度*16）
        self.eb0 = eyeball(self.qp, self.eb0_cacu(), Qt.black)   #眼珠0
        self.eb1 = eyeball(self.qp, self.eb1_cacu(), Qt.black)   #眼珠1
 
    def draw(self):                # 繪制
        self.hd.draw()             #調用頭方法繪制
        self.fc.draw()             # 調用臉方法繪制
        self.nos.draw()              # 調用底部方法繪制
        self.eye0.draw()
        self.eye1.draw()
        self.bds.draw()
        self.bd.draw()            #調用頭方法繪制
        self.mt.draw()
        self.mt2.draw()
        self.eb0.draw()            #眼珠
        self.eb1.draw() 
 
    def eb0_cacu(self):             # 計算眼珠的坐標
        x = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - 25
        y = self.start_point[1] + 70
        w = 12  
        h = 12 
        return QRect(x, y, w, h)
 
    def eb1_cacu(self):             # 計算眼珠的坐標
        x = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 + 15
        y = self.start_point[1] + 70
        w = 12  
        h = 12   
        return QRect(x, y, w, h)
 
    def bd_cacu(self):             # 計算中央豎線的坐標
        x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2
        y1 = self.start_point[1] + 135
        x2 = x1
        y2 = y1 + 95
        return QLineF(x1, y1, x2, y2)
 
    def mt_cacu(self):             # 計算嘴的坐標
        x = self.start_point[0] + 50
        y = self.start_point[1] + 45
        w = 220  
        h = 186  
        return QRect(x, y, w, h)
 
    def mt2_cacu(self):             # 計算嘴的坐標
        x = self.start_point[0] + 60
        y = self.start_point[1] + 49
        w = 200  
        h = 185  
        return QRect(x, y, w, h)
 
    def nos_cacu(self):             # 計算鼻子的坐標
        # r = self.h / 3 / 2
        x = self.start_point[0] + self.w /2 -15
        y = self.start_point[1] + 105
        w = 30  
        h = 30  
        return QRect(x, y, w, h)
 
    def hd_cacu(self):             # 計算頭的坐標
        x = self.start_point[0]
        y = self.start_point[1]
        w = self.w  
        h = self.h  
        return QRect(x, y, w, h)
 
    def fc_cacu(self):             # 計算臉的坐標
        x = self.start_point[0] + 35
        y = self.start_point[1] + 65
        w = self.w - 65 
        h = self.h - 100 
        return QRect(x, y, w, h)
 
    def ey1_cacu(self):              # 計算眼1的坐標(圓角矩形)
        x = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2
        y = self.start_point[1] + 40
        w = 70  
        h = 80 
        return QRect(x, y, w, h)
 
    def ey0_cacu(self):              # 計算眼0的坐標(圓角矩形)
        x = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - 70
        y = self.start_point[1] + 40
        w = 70  
        h = 80 
        return QRect(x, y, w, h)
 
class collar(Shape):    #項圈
    def draw(self):
        linearGradient = QLinearGradient(140, 280, 140, 310) 
        #參數分別為中心坐標，半徑長度和焦點坐標,
        #如果需要對稱那麼中心坐標和焦點坐標要一致  #c93300
        #輻射漸變色的效果，以整個圖形區間為100%，
        #分成多段設置顏色，各顏色按百分比分配。
        linearGradient.setColorAt(0.2, QColor("#c40"))     #10%處 
        linearGradient.setColorAt(1.0, QColor("#800400"))   #
        # linearGradient.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.black)   #100%處黑色
        self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2))            #邊線
        self.qp.setBrush(linearGradient)       #設置畫刷
        self.qpp = QPainterPath()              #路徑
        self.qpp.moveTo(self.rect[0] + self.rect[2], self.rect[1] + 20)
        self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0] + self.rect[2] - 10, self.rect[1] , 20.0, 20.0, 270.0, 180.0)  #(70, 30, R*2, R*2, 0, 180);(70,30)是起始位置，R是半徑,270是起始角度，180是要畫的角度
        self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0], self.rect[1])
        self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0]-10, self.rect[1], 20.0, 20.0, 90.0, 180.0)
        self.qpp.closeSubpath()
        self.qp.drawPath(self.qpp)
 
class bell(Shape):    #鈴鐺
    def draw(self):
        #參數分別為中心坐標，半徑長度和焦點坐標,
        #如果需要對稱那麼中心坐標和焦點坐標要一致  #c93300
        RadialGradient = QRadialGradient(270, 308, 40, 260, 300)  #輻射漸變
        #輻射漸變色的效果，以整個圖形區間為100%，
        #分成多段設置顏色，各顏色按百分比分配。
        RadialGradient.setColorAt(0.0, QColor("#f9f12a"))   #10%處白色 
        RadialGradient.setColorAt(0.75, QColor("#e9e11a"))   #60%處綠色 #07bbee
        RadialGradient.setColorAt(1.0, QColor("#a9a100"))   #100%處黑色
        self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2))            #邊線
        self.qp.setBrush(RadialGradient)       #設置畫刷
        self.qp.drawRoundedRect(self.rect, 90, 90, Qt.RelativeSize)  #畫圓角矩形x1,y1,x2,y2,圓角的角度
 
class body(Shape):    #身體
    def draw(self):
        self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2))           #邊線
        self.qp.setBrush(self.color)       #設置畫刷
        self.qpp = QPainterPath()     #路徑
        self.qpp.moveTo(self.rect[0] + 228, self.rect[1] - 15)
        self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] + 230 + 45, self.rect[1] + 25) 
        self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] + 230 + 20, self.rect[1] + 60)
        self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] + 230  - 2, self.rect[1] + 40)
        self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] + 230  - 2, self.rect[1] + 170)
        self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0] + 105,self.rect[1] + 170-10, 20, 20, 0, 180)   #中間半圓
        self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] -2, self.rect[1] + 170)
        self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] - 2, self.rect[1] + 40)
        self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] - 20, self.rect[1] + 60)
        self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] - 40, self.rect[1] + 25)
        self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0] + 2, self.rect[1] - 14)
        self.qpp.closeSubpath()
        self.qp.drawPath(self.qpp)
 
 
class foot(Shape):    #腳
    def draw(self):
        linearGradient = QLinearGradient(140, 280, 140, 310) 
        linearGradient.setColorAt(0.2, QColor("#c40"))     #10%處 
        linearGradient.setColorAt(1.0, QColor("#800400"))   #
        # linearGradient.setColorAt(1.0, Qt.black)   #100%處黑色
        self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2))            #邊線
        # self.qp.setBrush(linearGradient)       #設置畫刷
        self.qpp = QPainterPath()              #路徑
        self.qpp.moveTo(self.rect[0] + self.rect[2] - 40, self.rect[1] + self.rect[3] - 2)
        self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0] + self.rect[2] - 40, self.rect[1] - 2 , 30.0, 30.0, 270.0, 180.0)  #(70, 30, R*2, R*2, 0, 180);(70,30)是起始位置，R是半徑,270是起始角度，180是要畫的角度
        self.qpp.lineTo(self.rect[0], self.rect[1]-2)
        self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0]-15, self.rect[1] - 3, 60.0, 40.0, 90.0, 125.0)
        # self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0]-20, self.rect[1] + 26, 20.0, 20.0, 90.0, 30.0)
        self.qpp.closeSubpath()
        self.qp.drawPath(self.qpp)
 
class hand(Shape):    #手
    def draw(self):
        self.qp.setBrush(self.color)       #設置畫刷
        self.qp.drawEllipse(self.rect)     #畫圓形x,y,w,h  120, 25, 160, 160
 
class chest(Shape):    #白色肚兜
    def draw(self):
        self.color = Qt.white 
        self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2))           #邊線
        self.qp.setBrush(self.color)       #設置畫刷
        self.qpp = QPainterPath()     #路徑
        self.qpp.moveTo(self.rect[0] + 30 , self.rect[1] + 20)
        self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0] , self.rect[1] , 170.0, 170.0, 130.0, 280.0)  #(70, 30, R*2, R*2, 0, 180);(70,30)是起始位置，R是半徑,270是起始角度，180是要畫的角度
        self.qpp.closeSubpath()
        self.qp.drawPath(self.qpp)
 
class half(Shape):    #口袋
    def draw(self):
        self.color = Qt.white
        self.qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 2))           #邊線
        self.qp.setBrush(self.color)       #設置畫刷
        self.qpp = QPainterPath()     #路徑
        self.qpp.moveTo(self.rect[0] , self.rect[1] + 10)
        self.qpp.arcTo(self.rect[0] , self.rect[1] - 55 , self.rect[2], self.rect[3], 180.0, 180.0)  #(70, 30, R*2, R*2, 0, 180);(70,30)是起始位置，R是半徑,270是起始角度，180是要畫的角度
        self.qpp.closeSubpath()
        self.qp.drawPath(self.qpp)
 
class bellc(Shape):    #鈴鐺中心
    def draw(self):
        self.qp.setBrush(self.color)       #設置畫刷
        self.qp.drawEllipse(self.rect)       #畫圓形x,y,w,h  120, 25, 160, 160
 
class bellv(Liner):    #鈴鐺豎線
    def draw(self):
        self.qp.drawLine(self.rect)
 
class bellh(Liner):    #橫線
    # def __init__(self, qp, start_point, w, c=0):
    #     self.qp = qp                            # 
    #     self.start_point = start_point          #起始坐標
    #     self.w = w
    #     self.c = c
 
    def draw(self):
        self.qp.drawLine(self.rect)
 
 
class Bells:                      # 鈴鐺組合
    def __init__(self, qp, start_point, w, h):    # w,h是鈴鐺的寬、高
        self.qp = qp                            # 
        self.start_point = start_point          #起始坐標
        self.w = w
        self.h = h
        self.be = bell(self.qp, self.be_cacu(), QColor("#a9a100"))  #鈴鐺
        self.bec = bellc(self.qp, self.bec_cacu(),Qt.black)         #鈴鐺中心
        self.belv = bellv(self.qp, self.belv_cacu())      #鈴鐺豎線
        self.belh1 = bellh(self.qp, self.belh1_cacu()) 
        self.belh2 = bellh(self.qp, self.belh2_cacu()) 
 
    def draw(self):
        self.be.draw()
        self.bec.draw()
        self.belv.draw()
        self.belh1.draw()
        self.belh2.draw()
 
    def belh1_cacu(self):              # 計算鈴鐺橫線的坐標
        x = self.start_point[0] + 2
        y = self.start_point[1] -3
        w = x + 36 
        h = y 
        return QLineF(x, y, w, h)
 
    def belh2_cacu(self):              # 計算鈴鐺橫線的坐標
        x = self.start_point[0] 
        y = self.start_point[1] + 2
        w = x + 40
        h = y 
        return QLineF(x, y, w, h)
 
    def belv_cacu(self):              # 計算鈴鐺豎線的坐標
        x = self.start_point[0] + 20
        y = self.start_point[1] + 20
        w = x  
        h = y + 8
        return QLineF(x, y, w, h)
 
    def bec_cacu(self):              # 計算鈴鐺的坐標(圓角矩形)
        x = self.start_point[0] + self.w /2 - 5
        y = self.start_point[1] + 8
        w = 10  
        h = 10
        return QRect(x, y, w, h)
 
    def be_cacu(self):              # 計算鈴鐺的坐標(圓角矩形)
        x = self.start_point[0] + self.w /2 - 20
        y = self.start_point[1] - 12
        w = 40  
        h = 40
        return QRect(x, y, w, h)
 
class Bodys:                      # 身體組合
    def __init__(self, qp, start_point, w, h):    # w,h是帽子的寬、高
        self.qp = qp                            # 
        self.start_point = start_point          #起始坐標
        self.w = w
        self.h = h
        self.bod = body(self.qp, self.bod_cacu())        #實例化身體
        self.che = chest(self.qp, self.che_cacu())       #實例化白色肚兜
        self.ha = half(self.qp, self.ha_cacu())          #實例化口袋
        self.coll = collar(self.qp, self.col_cacu())     # 實例化項圈
        self.hnd0 = hand(self.qp, self.hnd0_cacu(), Qt.white)      #左手
        self.hnd1 = hand(self.qp, self.hnd1_cacu(), Qt.white)      #左手
        self.ft1 = foot(self.qp, self.ft1_cacu(), Qt.white)      #腳
        self.ft2 = foot(self.qp, self.ft2_cacu(), Qt.white)      #腳
        self.bels = Bells(self.qp, (240, 300), 40, 40)
 
    def draw(self):                # 繪制
        self.bod.draw()             #調用項圈方法繪制
        self.che.draw()
        self.ha.draw()
        self.coll.draw()
        self.hnd0.draw()
        self.hnd1.draw()
        self.ft1.draw()
        self.ft2.draw()
        self.bels.draw()
 
    def ft1_cacu(self):              # 計算腳的坐標
        x1 = self.start_point[0] 
        y1 = self.start_point[1] + 170
        x2 = 120  
        y2 = 30
        return (x1, y1, x2, y2)
 
    def ft2_cacu(self):              # 計算腳的坐標(圓角矩形)
        x1 = self.start_point[0] + 130
        y1 = self.start_point[1] + 170
        x2 = 120  
        y2 = 30
        return (x1, y1, x2, y2)
 
    def hnd0_cacu(self):              # 計算手的坐標(圓角矩形)
        x = self.start_point[0] - 78
        y = self.start_point[1] + 25
        w = 60  
        h = 60
        return QRect(x, y, w, h)
 
    def hnd1_cacu(self):              # 計算手的坐標(圓角矩形)
        x = self.start_point[0] + self.h + 20
        y = self.start_point[1] + 25
        w = 60  
        h = 60
        return QRect(x, y, w, h)
 
    def ha_cacu(self):              # 計算口袋的坐標(圓角矩形)
        x = self.start_point[0] + 48
        y = self.start_point[1] + 40
        w = 130  
        h = 130
        return (x, y, w, h)
 
    def che_cacu(self):              # 計算白色肚兜的坐標(圓角矩形)
        x = self.start_point[0] + 28
        y = self.start_point[1] - 30
        w = 170  
        h = 170
        return (x, y, w, h)
 
    def col_cacu(self):              # 計算項圈的坐標(圓角矩形)
        x1 = self.start_point[0] 
        y1 = self.start_point[1] - 20
        x2 = 230  
        y2 = 20
        return (x1, y1, x2, y2)
 
    def bod_cacu(self):              # 計算身體的坐標
        x = self.start_point[0] 
        y = self.start_point[1] 
        w = 230  
        h = 165 
        return (x, y, w, h)
 
class Example(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, w, h):
        super().__init__()
        self.qp = QPainter()     # 畫筆實例
        self.rect = QRect()
        self.color = QColor()
        self.start_point = (100,30)   #頭部的起始位置
        self.w = w
        self.h = h
        self.initUI()
        self.heads = Heads(self.qp,self.start_point, 320, 300)  # w,h
        self.bo = Bodys(self.qp, (145,300), 230, 230)  #start_point,w,h
 
    def initUI(self):
        self.setGeometry(100, 300, self.w, self.h)  # 窗口在屏幕上的坐標和大小：x,y,w,h
        self.setWindowTitle('叮當貓')
        self.show()
        # rect = QRect(120, 25, 160, 160)
        # self.hd = head(self.qp, self.rect, self.color)
 
    def paintEvent(self, e):
        self.qp.begin(self)
        self.drawBrushes(self.qp)  #調用方法
        self.qp.end()
 
    def drawBrushes(self, qp):
        self.heads.draw()
        self.bo.draw()
        # brush.setStyle(Qt.Dense1Pattern)   #設置style
        # qp.setBrush(brush)                 #設置畫刷
        # self.qp.drawEllipse(self.rect, self.color)       #畫矩形x,y,w,h
        
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example(520, 760)       #窗體大小
    sys.exit(app.exec_())