Python處理字符串的常用函數實例總結

前言

今天我們說瞭字符串的基礎,格式化,這次我們講解字符串的常用函數,不要錯過!

前兩篇都在本文同個專欄,歡迎關註。下面開始講解。

 字符串都有哪些操作?

實際開發都有這些需求:

第一大類:判斷識別字符串

  • 判斷字符串屬於那種字面類型(數字,全字母,其他)
  • 判斷字符串包含某些結構(數字大寫,局部子串,子串出現頻次等)

第二類:字符串編輯的操作(生成新字符串)

  • 字符串的替換/合並/填充等
  • 字典替換,填充0值,清空操作等

第三類:字符串跟字節串的互轉。

這類操作通常發生在數據跨程序/跨服務器傳輸,我們傳輸bytes,然後獲取轉string類型。

第一類 判斷識別字符串

學委準備瞭下面的代碼:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2021/10/30 10:13 上午
# @Author : LeiXueWei
# @CSDN/Juejin/Wechat: 雷學委
# @XueWeiTag: CodingDemo
# @File : string_funs_cat1.py
# @Project : hello
import sys

slogan = "keep studying, keep coding, I am Levin"

# 判斷結構
print("算某個子串出現數次: slogan.count('keep') = ", slogan.count('keep'))
print("找某個子串首次出現的下標: slogan.find('keep') = ", slogan.find('keep'))
print("找某個子串最後出現的下標: slogan.rfind('keep') = ", slogan.rfind('keep'))
print("找某個子串下標: slogan.index('keep') = ", slogan.index('keep'))
print("找某個子串下標: slogan.rindex('keep') = ", slogan.rindex('keep'))
print("是否'keep'開頭的字符串: slogan.startswith('keep') = ", slogan.startswith('keep'))
print("是否'keep'結束的字符串: slogan.endswith('keep') = ", slogan.endswith('keep'))


# 字符串屬性相關
print("字符串長度: len(slogan) = ", len(slogan))
print("字符串是否都是空格: slogan.isspace() = ", slogan.isspace())
print("字符串是否大寫: slogan.isupper() = ", slogan.isupper())
print("字符串是否小寫: slogan.islower() = ", slogan.islower())
print("字符串是否為每個詞首字母都大寫: slogan.istitle() = ", slogan.istitle())

# 判斷字符串數據類型
print("字符串是否全為字母: slogan.isalpha() = ", slogan.isalpha())
print("字符串是否全為數字: slogan.isalnum() = ", slogan.isalnum())
print("字符串是否數字: slogan.isnumeric() = ", slogan.isnumeric())
print("字符串是否浮點數: slogan.isdecimal() = ", slogan.isdecimal())
print("字符串是否為空格串: slogan.isspace() = ", slogan.isspace())

讀者可以直接復制運行代碼,學委補充瞭運行效果圖:

第二類 字符串編輯的操作

下面學委準備瞭一些代碼展示:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2021/10/30 10:13 上午
# @Author : LeiXueWei
# @CSDN/Juejin/Wechat: 雷學委
# @XueWeiTag: CodingDemo
# @File : string_funs_cat2.py
# @Project : hello
import sys

slogan = "keep studying, keep coding, I am Levin"

print("首字母大寫: slogan.capitalize() = ", slogan.capitalize())
print("全部字母大寫: slogan.upper() = ", slogan.upper())
print("全部字母小寫: slogan.lower() = ", slogan.lower())
print("轉為首字母都大寫(標題風格): slogan.title() = ", slogan.title())
print("大小寫逆轉: slogan.swapcase() = ", slogan.swapcase())

table = slogan.maketrans({"e": "5"})
print("字符串替換表: slogan.translate(table) = ", slogan.translate(table))

# 字符串替換,合並,填充等
print("替換tabs為n個空格: 'hello\t學委'.expandtabs(4) = '", "hello\t學委".expandtabs(4))
print("左子串來串聯傳入的列表: ' '.join(slogan) = '", " ".join(slogan))
print("替換子串: ' '.replace(first, second) = '", slogan.replace("e", "11"))
print("填充0值: slogan.rzfill(2)= '", slogan.zfill(50))
print("填充#值: slogan.rjust(50,"#")= '", slogan.rjust(50,"#"))
print("填充#值: slogan.ljust(50,"#")= '", slogan.ljust(50,"#"))
print("移除首尾空格: slogan.strip()= '", slogan.strip())

data = slogan.split("e")
print("split slogan into data= ", data)

運行效果如下:

第三類:字符串跟字節串的互轉

下面學委準備瞭一些代碼展示:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2021/10/30 10:13 上午
# @Author : LeiXueWei
# @CSDN/Juejin/Wechat: 雷學委
# @XueWeiTag: CodingDemo
# @File : string_funs_cat3.py
# @Project : hello
import sys

slogan = "keep studying, keep coding, I am Levin"
bytes = slogan.encode("utf-8")
print("type of encoded string = ", type(bytes))
# 註意python的string類型沒有decode函數,該函數屬於bytes類型對象特有!!!
print("type of decoded byte = ", type(bytes.decode("utf-8")))
print("type of decoded byte = ", bytes.decode("utf-8"))

運行效果如下:

總結

其實學委還漏瞭幾個函數,但是不想介紹它們瞭。

學習編程不是去記憶,但是也並非啥都不看都靠感覺。

我喜歡下面這句話:

讀書破萬卷,下筆如有神!

精心準備的代碼,讀者運行一下,自己感悟!(註釋寫的很清楚瞭)

到此這篇關於Python處理字符串的常用函數的文章就介紹到這瞭,更多相關Python處理字符串函數內容請搜索WalkonNet以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大傢以後多多支持WalkonNet!

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