Python MySQL數據庫基本操作及項目示例詳解

一、數據庫基礎用法

要先配置環境變量,然後cmd安裝:pip install pymysql

1、連接MySQL,並創建wzg庫

#引入decimal模塊
import pymysql

#連接數據庫
db=pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8')

#創建一個遊標對象(相當於指針)
cursor=db.cursor()

#執行創建數據庫語句
cursor.execute('create schema wzg default charset=utf8;')
cursor.execute('show databases;')

#fetchone獲取一條數據(元組類型)
print(cursor.fetchone())
#現在指針到瞭[1]的位置

#fetchall獲取全部數據(字符串類型)
all=cursor.fetchall()
for i in all:
    print(i[0])

#關閉遊標和數據庫連接
cursor.close()
db.close()

2、創建student表,並插入數據

import pymysql

#連接數據庫,並打開wzg數據庫(數據庫已創建)
db=pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8',db='wzg')

#創建遊標對象
cursor=db.cursor()

try:
    #創建student表,並執行
    sql='''create table student(
       SNO char(10),
       SNAME varchar(20) NOT NULL,
       SSEX varchar(1),
       primary key(SNO)
       )default charset=utf8;'''
    cursor.execute(sql)
	
    #插入一條數據,並執行
    insert_sql='''
    insert into student values('200303016','王智剛','男'),('20030001','小明','男')
    '''
    cursor.execute(insert_sql)
	
    #將數據提交給數據庫(加入數據,修改數據要先提交)
    db.commit()
	
    #執行查詢語句
    cursor.execute('select * from student')
	
    #打印全部數據
    all=cursor.fetchall()
    for i in all:
        print(i)

#發生錯誤時,打印報錯原因
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

#無論是否報錯都執行
finally:
    cursor.close()
    db.close()

數據庫中char和varchar的區別:

char類型的長度是固定的,varchar的長度是可變的。

例如:存儲字符串’abc’,使用char(10),表示存儲的字符將占10個字節(包括7個空字符),

使用varchar(10),表示隻占3個字節,10是最大值,當存儲的字符小於10時,按照實際的長度存儲。

二、項目:銀行管理系統

完成功能:1.查詢 2.取錢 3.存錢 4.退出

練習:創建信息表,並進行匹配

1、創建數據庫為(bank),賬戶信息表為(account)

account_id(varchar(20)) Account_passwd(char(6)) Money(decimal(10,2))
001 123456 1000.00
002 456789 5000.00

2、拓展:進行賬號和密碼的匹配

請輸入賬號:001

請輸入密碼:123456

select * from account where account_id=001 and Account_passwd=123456
if cursor.fetchall():
登錄成功
else:
登錄失敗
import pymysql

# 連接數據庫
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', password='1234', charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()

# 創建bank庫
cursor.execute('create database bank charset utf8;')
cursor.execute('use bank;')

try:
    # # 創建表
    # sql = '''create table account(
    #    account_id varchar(20) NOT NULL,
    #    account_passwd char(6) NOT NULL,
    #    money decimal(10,2),
    #    primary key(account_id)
    #    );'''
    # cursor.execute(sql)

    # # 插入數據
    # insert_sql = '''
    # insert into account values('001','123456',1000.00),('002','456789',5000.00)
    # '''
    # cursor.execute(insert_sql)
    # db.commit()

    # # 查詢所有數據
    # cursor.execute('select * from account')
    # all = cursor.fetchall()
    # for i in all:
    #     print(i)

    # 輸入賬號和密碼
    z=input("請輸入賬號:")
    m=input("請輸入密碼:")
    
    # 從account表中進行賬號和密碼的匹配
    cursor.execute('select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s',(z,m))
    
    # 如果找到,則登錄成功
    if cursor.fetchall():
        print('登錄成功')
    else:
        print('登錄失敗')

except Exception as e:
    print(e)

finally:
    cursor.close()
    db.close()

1、進行初始化操作

import pymysql

# 創建bank庫
CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL='''
    create schema bank charset utf8;
    '''

# 創建account表
CREATE_TABLE_SQL = '''
    create table account(
    account_id varchar(20) NOT NULL,
    account_passwd char(6) NOT NULL,
    # decimal用於保存精確數字的類型,decimal(10,2)表示總位數最大為12位,其中整數10位,小數2位
    money decimal(10,2),
    primary key(account_id)
    ) default charset=utf8;
    '''

# 創建銀行賬戶
CREATE_ACCOUNT_SQL = '''
    insert into account values('001','123456',1000.00),('002','456789',5000.00);
    '''
    
# 初始化
def init():
    try:
        DB = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8')
        cursor1 = DB.cursor()
        cursor1.execute(CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL)
        DB = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8',database='bank')
        cursor2 = DB.cursor()
        cursor2.execute(CREATE_TABLE_SQL)
        cursor2.execute(CREATE_ACCOUNT_SQL)
        DB.commit()
        print('初始化成功')
        
except Exception as e:
    print('初始化失敗',e)

finally:
    cursor1.close()
    cursor2.close()
    DB.close()  
    
    # 不讓別人調用
if __name__ == "__main__":
    init()

2、登錄檢查,並選擇操作

import pymysql

# 定義全局變量為空
DB=None

# 創建Account類
class Account():
    # 傳入參數
    def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
        self.account_id=account_id
        self.account_passwd=account_passwd
        
    # 登錄檢查
    def check_account(self):
        cursor=DB.cursor()
        try:
            # 把輸入賬號和密碼進行匹配(函數體內部傳入參數用self.)
            SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
            cursor.execute(SQL)
            
            # 匹配成功返回True,失敗返回False
            if cursor.fetchall():
                return True
            else:
                return False

        except Exception as e:
            print("錯誤原因:",e)
        finally:
            cursor.close()

    # 查詢餘額
    # def query_money
    
    # 取錢
    # def reduce_money
    
    # 存錢
    # def add_money
    
def main():
    # 定義全局變量
    global DB
    
    # 連接bank庫
    DB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",database="bank")
    cursor=DB.cursor()
    
    # 輸入賬號和密碼
    from_account_id=input("請輸入賬號:")
    from_account_passwd=input("請輸入密碼:")
    
    # 輸入的參數傳入給Account類,並創建account對象
    account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
    
    # 調用check_account方法,進行登錄檢查
    if account.check_account():
        choose=input("請輸入操作:\n1、查詢餘額\n2、取錢\n3、存錢\n4、取卡\n")
        # 當輸入不等於4的時候執行,等於4則退出
        while choose!="4":
            # 查詢
            if choose=="1":
                print("111")
            # 取錢
            elif choose=="2":
                print("222")
            # 存錢
            elif choose=="3":
                print("333")
            # 上面操作完成之後,繼續輸入其他操作
            choose = input("請輸入操作:\n1、查詢餘額\n2、取錢\n3、存錢\n4、取卡\n")
        else:
            print("謝謝使用!")
    else:
        print("賬號或密碼錯誤")
    DB.close()
main()

3、加入查詢功能

存在銀行裡的錢可能會產生利息,所以需要考慮餘額為小數的問題,需要用到decimal庫

import pymysql
# 引入decimal模塊
import decimal
DB=None
class Account():

    def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
        self.account_id=account_id
        self.account_passwd=account_passwd

    # 登錄檢查
    def check_account(self):
        cursor=DB.cursor()
        try:
            SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
            cursor.execute(SQL)
            if cursor.fetchall():
                return True
            else:
                return False
        except Exception as e:
            print("錯誤",e)
        finally:
            cursor.close()

    # 查詢餘額
    def query_money(self):
        cursor=DB.cursor()
        try:
            # 匹配賬號密碼,並返回money
            SQL="select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
            cursor.execute(SQL)
            money=cursor.fetchone()[0]
            # 如果賬戶有錢就返回金額,沒錢返回0.00
            if money:
                # 返回值為decimal類型,quantize函數進行四舍五入,'0.00'表示保留兩位小數
                return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal('0.00')))
            else:
                return 0.00
        except Exception as e:
            print("錯誤原因",e)
        finally:
            cursor.close()

def main():
    global DB
    DB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",charset="utf8",database="bank")
    cursor=DB.cursor()
    from_account_id=input("請輸入賬號:")
    from_account_passwd=input("請輸入密碼:")
    account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
    if account.check_account():
        choose=input("請輸入操作:\n1、查詢餘額\n2、取錢\n3、存錢\n4、取卡\n")
        while choose!="4":
            # 查詢
            if choose=="1":
                # 調用query_money方法
                print("您的餘額是%s元" % account.query_money())
            # 取錢
            elif choose=="2":
                print("222")
            # 存錢
            elif choose=="3":
                print("333")
            choose = input("請輸入操作:\n1、查詢餘額\n2、取錢\n3、存錢\n4、取卡\n")
        else:
            print("謝謝使用")
    else:
        print("賬號或密碼錯誤")
    DB.close()
main()

4、加入取錢功能

取錢存錢要用update來執行數據庫,還要註意取錢需要考慮餘額是否充足的問題

import pymysql
import decimal
DB=None
class Account():

    def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
        self.account_id=account_id
        self.account_passwd=account_passwd

    # 登錄檢查
    def check_account(self):
        cursor=DB.cursor()
        try:
            SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
            cursor.execute(SQL)
            if cursor.fetchall():
                return True
            else:
                return False
        except Exception as e:
            print("錯誤",e)
        finally:
            cursor.close()

    # 查詢餘額
    def query_money(self):
        cursor=DB.cursor()
        try:
            SQL="select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
            cursor.execute(SQL)
            money=cursor.fetchone()[0]
            if money:
                return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal('0.00')))
            else:
                return 0.00
        except Exception as e:
            print("錯誤原因",e)
        finally:
            cursor.close()

    # 取錢(註意傳入money參數)
    def reduce_money(self,money):
        cursor = DB.cursor()
        try:
            # 先調用query_money方法,查詢餘額
            has_money=self.query_money()
            
            # 所取金額小於餘額則執行(註意類型轉換)
            if decimal.Decimal(money) <= decimal.Decimal(has_money):
            
                # 進行數據更新操作
                SQL="update account set money=money-%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
                cursor.execute(SQL)
                
                # rowcount進行行計數,行數為1則將數據提交給數據庫
                if cursor.rowcount==1:
                    DB.commit()
                    return True
                else:
                    # rollback數據庫回滾,行數不為1則不執行
                    DB.rollback()
                    return False
            else:
                print("餘額不足")
        except Exception as e:
            print("錯誤原因",e)
        finally:
            cursor.close()
            
    # 存錢
    # def add_money

def main():
    global DB
    DB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",charset="utf8",database="bank")
    cursor=DB.cursor()
    from_account_id=input("請輸入賬號:")
    from_account_passwd=input("請輸入密碼:")
    account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
    if account.check_account():
        choose=input("請輸入操作:\n1、查詢餘額\n2、取錢\n3、存錢\n4、取卡\n")
        while choose!="4":
            # 查詢
            if choose=="1":
                print("您的餘額是%s元" % account.query_money())
            # 取錢
            elif choose=="2":
                # 先查詢餘額,再輸入取款金額,防止取款金額大於餘額
                money=input("您的餘額是%s元,請輸入取款金額" % account.query_money())
                # 調用reduce_money方法,money不為空則取款成功
                if account.reduce_money(money):
                    print("取款成功,您的餘額還有%s元" % account.query_money())
                else:
                    print("取款失敗!")
            # 存錢
            elif choose=="3":
                print("333")
            choose = input("請輸入操作:\n1、查詢餘額\n2、取錢\n3、存錢\n4、取卡\n")
        else:
            print("謝謝使用!")
    else:
        print("賬號或密碼錯誤")
    DB.close()
main()

5、加入存錢功能

存錢功能和取錢功能相似,而且不需要考慮餘額的問題,至此已完善當前所有功能 

import pymysql
import decimal
DB=None
class Account():
    def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
        self.account_id=account_id
        self.account_passwd=account_passwd

    # 登錄檢查
    def check_account(self):
        cursor=DB.cursor()
        try:
            SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
            cursor.execute(SQL)
            if cursor.fetchall():
                return True
            else:
                return False
        except Exception as e:
            print("錯誤",e)
        finally:
            cursor.close()

    # 查詢餘額
    def query_money(self):
        cursor=DB.cursor()
        try:
            SQL="select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
            cursor.execute(SQL)
            money=cursor.fetchone()[0]
            if money:
                return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal('0.00')))
            else:
                return 0.00
        except Exception as e:
            print("錯誤原因",e)
        finally:
            cursor.close()

    # 取錢
    def reduce_money(self,money):
        cursor = DB.cursor()
        try:
            has_money=self.query_money()
            if decimal.Decimal(money) <= decimal.Decimal(has_money):
                SQL="update account set money=money-%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
                cursor.execute(SQL)
                if cursor.rowcount==1:
                    DB.commit()
                    return True
                else:
                    DB.rollback()
                    return False
            else:
                print("餘額不足")
        except Exception as e:
            print("錯誤原因",e)
        finally:
            cursor.close()

    # 存錢
    def add_money(self,money):
        cursor = DB.cursor()
        try:
            SQL="update account set money=money+%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
            cursor.execute(SQL)
            if cursor.rowcount==1:
                DB.commit()
                return True
            else:
                DB.rollback()
                return False
        except Exception as e:
            DB.rollback()
            print("錯誤原因",e)
        finally:
            cursor.close()

def main():
    global DB
    DB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",charset="utf8",database="bank")
    cursor=DB.cursor()
    from_account_id=input("請輸入賬號:")
    from_account_passwd=input("請輸入密碼:")
    account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
    if account.check_account():
        choose=input("請輸入操作:\n1、查詢餘額\n2、取錢\n3、存錢\n4、取卡\n")
        while choose!="4":
            # 查詢
            if choose=="1":
                print("您的餘額是%s元" % account.query_money())
            # 取錢
            elif choose=="2":
                money=input("您的餘額是%s元,請輸入取款金額" % account.query_money())
                if account.reduce_money(money):
                    print("取款成功,您的餘額還有%s元" % account.query_money())
                else:
                    print("取款失敗!")
            # 存錢
            elif choose=="3":
                money=input("請輸入存款金額:")
                if account.add_money(money):
                    print("存款成功,您的餘額還有%s元,按任意鍵繼續\n" % (account.query_money()))
                else:
                    print("存款失敗,按任意鍵繼續")
            choose = input("請輸入操作:\n1、查詢餘額\n2、取錢\n3、存錢\n4、取卡\n")
        else:
            print("謝謝使用!")
    else:
        print("賬號或密碼錯誤")
    DB.close()
main() 

以上就是Python MySQL數據庫基本操作及項目示例詳解 的詳細內容,更多關於Python MySQL數據庫操作的資料請關註WalkonNet其它相關文章!

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