R語言關於數據幀的知識點詳解
數據幀是表或二維陣列狀結構，其中每一列包含一個變量的值，並且每一行包含來自每一列的一組值。
以下是數據幀的特性。
- 列名稱應為非空。
- 行名稱應該是唯一的。
- 存儲在數據幀中的數據可以是數字，因子或字符類型。
- 每個列應包含相同數量的數據項。
創建數據幀
# Create the data frame.
emp.data <- data.frame(
emp_id = c (1:5),
emp_name = c("Rick","Dan","Michelle","Ryan","Gary"),
salary = c(623.3,515.2,611.0,729.0,843.25),
start_date = as.Date(c("2012-01-01", "2013-09-23", "2014-11-15", "2014-05-11",
"2015-03-27")),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Print the data frame.
print(emp.data)
當我們執行上面的代碼，它產生以下結果 –
emp_id emp_name salary start_date 1 1 Rick 623.30 2012-01-01 2 2 Dan 515.20 2013-09-23 3 3 Michelle 611.00 2014-11-15 4 4 Ryan 729.00 2014-05-11 5 5 Gary 843.25 2015-03-27
獲取數據幀的結構
通過使用str()函數可以看到數據幀的結構。
# Create the data frame.
emp.data <- data.frame(
emp_id = c (1:5),
emp_name = c("Rick","Dan","Michelle","Ryan","Gary"),
salary = c(623.3,515.2,611.0,729.0,843.25),
start_date = as.Date(c("2012-01-01", "2013-09-23", "2014-11-15", "2014-05-11",
"2015-03-27")),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Get the structure of the data frame.
str(emp.data)
當我們執行上面的代碼，它產生以下結果 –
'data.frame': 5 obs. of 4 variables: $ emp_id : int 1 2 3 4 5 $ emp_name : chr "Rick" "Dan" "Michelle" "Ryan" ... $ salary : num 623 515 611 729 843 $ start_date: Date, format: "2012-01-01" "2013-09-23" "2014-11-15" "2014-05-11" ...
數據框中的數據摘要
可以通過應用summary()函數獲取數據的統計摘要和性質。
# Create the data frame.
emp.data <- data.frame(
emp_id = c (1:5),
emp_name = c("Rick","Dan","Michelle","Ryan","Gary"),
salary = c(623.3,515.2,611.0,729.0,843.25),
start_date = as.Date(c("2012-01-01", "2013-09-23", "2014-11-15", "2014-05-11",
"2015-03-27")),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Print the summary.
print(summary(emp.data))
當我們執行上面的代碼，它產生以下結果 –
emp_id emp_name salary start_date
Min. :1 Length:5 Min. :515.2 Min. :2012-01-01
1st Qu.:2 Class :character 1st Qu.:611.0 1st Qu.:2013-09-23
Median :3 Mode :character Median :623.3 Median :2014-05-11
Mean :3 Mean :664.4 Mean :2014-01-14
3rd Qu.:4 3rd Qu.:729.0 3rd Qu.:2014-11-15
Max. :5 Max. :843.2 Max. :2015-03-27
從數據幀提取數據
使用列名稱從數據框中提取特定列。
# Create the data frame.
emp.data <- data.frame(
emp_id = c (1:5),
emp_name = c("Rick","Dan","Michelle","Ryan","Gary"),
salary = c(623.3,515.2,611.0,729.0,843.25),
start_date = as.Date(c("2012-01-01","2013-09-23","2014-11-15","2014-05-11",
"2015-03-27")),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Extract Specific columns.
result <- data.frame(emp.data$emp_name,emp.data$salary)
print(result)
當我們執行上面的代碼，它產生以下結果 –
emp.data.emp_name emp.data.salary 1 Rick 623.30 2 Dan 515.20 3 Michelle 611.00 4 Ryan 729.00 5 Gary 843.25
先提取前兩行，然後提取所有列
# Create the data frame.
emp.data <- data.frame(
emp_id = c (1:5),
emp_name = c("Rick","Dan","Michelle","Ryan","Gary"),
salary = c(623.3,515.2,611.0,729.0,843.25),
start_date = as.Date(c("2012-01-01", "2013-09-23", "2014-11-15", "2014-05-11",
"2015-03-27")),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Extract first two rows.
result <- emp.data[1:2,]
print(result)
當我們執行上面的代碼，它產生以下結果 –
emp_id emp_name salary start_date 1 1 Rick 623.3 2012-01-01 2 2 Dan 515.2 2013-09-23
用第2和第4列提取第3和第5行
# Create the data frame.
emp.data <- data.frame(
emp_id = c (1:5),
emp_name = c("Rick","Dan","Michelle","Ryan","Gary"),
salary = c(623.3,515.2,611.0,729.0,843.25),
start_date = as.Date(c("2012-01-01", "2013-09-23", "2014-11-15", "2014-05-11",
"2015-03-27")),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Extract 3rd and 5th row with 2nd and 4th column.
result <- emp.data[c(3,5),c(2,4)]
print(result)
當我們執行上面的代碼，它產生以下結果 –
emp_name start_date 3 Michelle 2014-11-15 5 Gary 2015-03-27
擴展數據幀
可以通過添加列和行來擴展數據幀。
添加列
隻需使用新的列名稱添加列向量。
# Create the data frame.
emp.data <- data.frame(
emp_id = c (1:5),
emp_name = c("Rick","Dan","Michelle","Ryan","Gary"),
salary = c(623.3,515.2,611.0,729.0,843.25),
start_date = as.Date(c("2012-01-01", "2013-09-23", "2014-11-15", "2014-05-11",
"2015-03-27")),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Add the "dept" coulmn.
emp.data$dept <- c("IT","Operations","IT","HR","Finance")
v <- emp.data
print(v)
當我們執行上面的代碼，它產生以下結果 –
emp_id emp_name salary start_date dept 1 1 Rick 623.30 2012-01-01 IT 2 2 Dan 515.20 2013-09-23 Operations 3 3 Michelle 611.00 2014-11-15 IT 4 4 Ryan 729.00 2014-05-11 HR 5 5 Gary 843.25 2015-03-27 Finance
添加行
要將更多行永久添加到現有數據幀，我們需要引入與現有數據幀相同結構的新行，並使用rbind()函數。
在下面的示例中，我們創建一個包含新行的數據幀，並將其與現有數據幀合並以創建最終數據幀。
# Create the first data frame.
emp.data <- data.frame(
emp_id = c (1:5),
emp_name = c("Rick","Dan","Michelle","Ryan","Gary"),
salary = c(623.3,515.2,611.0,729.0,843.25),
start_date = as.Date(c("2012-01-01", "2013-09-23", "2014-11-15", "2014-05-11",
"2015-03-27")),
dept = c("IT","Operations","IT","HR","Finance"),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Create the second data frame
emp.newdata <- data.frame(
emp_id = c (6:8),
emp_name = c("Rasmi","Pranab","Tusar"),
salary = c(578.0,722.5,632.8),
start_date = as.Date(c("2013-05-21","2013-07-30","2014-06-17")),
dept = c("IT","Operations","Fianance"),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Bind the two data frames.
emp.finaldata <- rbind(emp.data,emp.newdata)
print(emp.finaldata)
當我們執行上面的代碼，它產生以下結果 –
emp_id emp_name salary start_date dept 1 1 Rick 623.30 2012-01-01 IT 2 2 Dan 515.20 2013-09-23 Operations 3 3 Michelle 611.00 2014-11-15 IT 4 4 Ryan 729.00 2014-05-11 HR 5 5 Gary 843.25 2015-03-27 Finance 6 6 Rasmi 578.00 2013-05-21 IT 7 7 Pranab 722.50 2013-07-30 Operations 8 8 Tusar 632.80 2014-06-17 Fianance
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