利用Python Pygame放個煙花
uu們，有多久沒放煙花瞭？今年你所在的地方允許放煙花麼？既然我們不能線下放，那麼我們就在線上放個夠吧，先上最後效果圖
老規矩，先導包，導入pygame,Python Pygame 是一款專門為開發和設計 2D 電子遊戲而生的軟件包，它支 Windows、Linux、Mac OS 等操作系統，具有良好的跨平臺性。
import pygame from random import randint, uniform, choice import math
Pygame 繪制煙花的基本原理
1、發射階段：在這一階段煙花的形狀是線性向上，通過設定一組大小不同、顏色不同的點來模擬“向上發射” 的運動運動，運動過程中 5個點被賦予不同大小的加速度，隨著時間推移，後面的點會趕上前面的點，最終所有點會匯聚在一起，處於綻放準備階段。
2、煙花綻放：煙花綻放這個階段，是由一個點分散多個點向不同方向發散，並且每個點的移動軌跡可需要被記錄，目的是為瞭追蹤整個綻放軌跡。
3、煙花凋零，此階段負責描繪綻放後煙花的效果，綻放後的煙花，而在每一時刻點的下降速度和亮度（代碼中也叫透明度）是不一樣的，因此在代碼裡，將煙花綻放後將每個點賦予兩個屬性：分別為重力向量和生命周期，來模擬煙花在不同時期時不同的展現效果。
首先設置全局變量，例如重力向量，窗口大小，Trail 的顏色列表（多為灰色或白色）以及不同狀態下 Trail 之間間隔，gravity設置重力變量，DISPLAY_width和heigh控制窗口的長和寬
vector = pygame.math.Vector2 #重力變量 gravity = vector(0, 0.3) #控制窗口的大小 DISPLAY_WIDTH = DISPLAY_HEIGHT = 800 #顏色選項 trail_colours = [(45, 45, 45), (60, 60, 60), (75, 75, 75), (125, 125, 125), (150, 150, 150)] dynamic_offset = 1 static_offset = 3
代碼整體部分將煙花封裝為三個類（類是面向對象語言的程序設計中的概念，是面向對象編程的基礎）：
Firework : 整體部分
class Firework:
def __init__(self):
# 隨機顏色
self.colour = (randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255))
self.colours = (
(randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255)),
(randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255)),
(randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255)))
self.firework = Particle(randint(0, DISPLAY_WIDTH), DISPLAY_HEIGHT, True,
self.colour) # Creates the firework particle
self.exploded = False
self.particles = []
self.min_max_particles = vector(100, 225)
def update(self, win): # 每幀調用
if not self.exploded:
self.firework.apply_force(gravity)
self.firework.move()
for tf in self.firework.trails:
tf.show(win)
self.show(win)
if self.firework.vel.y >= 0:
self.exploded = True
self.explode()
else:
for particle in self.particles:
particle.apply_force(vector(gravity.x + uniform(-1, 1) / 20, gravity.y / 2 + (randint(1, 8) / 100)))
particle.move()
for t in particle.trails:
t.show(win)
particle.show(win)
def explode(self):
# amount 數量
amount = randint(self.min_max_particles.x, self.min_max_particles.y)
for i in range(amount):
self.particles.append(Particle(self.firework.pos.x, self.firework.pos.y, False, self.colours))
def show(self, win):
pygame.draw.circle(win, self.colour, (int(self.firework.pos.x), int(self.firework.pos.y)), self.firework.size)
def remove(self):
if self.exploded:
for p in self.particles:
if p.remove is True:
self.particles.remove(p)
if len(self.particles) == 0:
return True
else:
return False
Particle：煙花粒子（包含軌跡）
class Particle:
def __init__(self, x, y, firework, colour):
self.firework = firework
self.pos = vector(x, y)
self.origin = vector(x, y)
self.radius = 20
self.remove = False
self.explosion_radius = randint(5, 18)
self.life = 0
self.acc = vector(0, 0)
# trail variables
self.trails = [] # stores the particles trail objects
self.prev_posx = [-10] * 10 # stores the 10 last positions
self.prev_posy = [-10] * 10 # stores the 10 last positions
if self.firework:
self.vel = vector(0, -randint(17, 20))
self.size = 5
self.colour = colour
for i in range(5):
self.trails.append(Trail(i, self.size, True))
else:
self.vel = vector(uniform(-1, 1), uniform(-1, 1))
self.vel.x *= randint(7, self.explosion_radius + 2)
self.vel.y *= randint(7, self.explosion_radius + 2)
# 向量
self.size = randint(2, 4)
self.colour = choice(colour)
# 5 個 tails總計
for i in range(5):
self.trails.append(Trail(i, self.size, False))
def apply_force(self, force):
self.acc += force
def move(self):
if not self.firework:
self.vel.x *= 0.8
self.vel.y *= 0.8
self.vel += self.acc
self.pos += self.vel
self.acc *= 0
if self.life == 0 and not self.firework: # 檢查粒子的爆炸范圍
distance = math.sqrt((self.pos.x - self.origin.x) ** 2 + (self.pos.y - self.origin.y) ** 2)
if distance > self.explosion_radius:
self.remove = True
self.decay()
self.trail_update()
self.life += 1
def show(self, win):
pygame.draw.circle(win, (self.colour[0], self.colour[1], self.colour[2], 0), (int(self.pos.x), int(self.pos.y)),
self.size)
def decay(self): # random decay of the particles
if 50 > self.life > 10: # early stage their is a small chance of decay
ran = randint(0, 30)
if ran == 0:
self.remove = True
elif self.life > 50:
ran = randint(0, 5)
if ran == 0:
self.remove = True
def trail_update(self):
self.prev_posx.pop()
self.prev_posx.insert(0, int(self.pos.x))
self.prev_posy.pop()
self.prev_posy.insert(0, int(self.pos.y))
for n, t in enumerate(self.trails):
if t.dynamic:
t.get_pos(self.prev_posx[n + dynamic_offset], self.prev_posy[n + dynamic_offset])
else:
t.get_pos(self.prev_posx[n + static_offset], self.prev_posy[n + static_offset])
Trail：煙花軌跡
本質上是一個點 。創建 Trail 類，定義 show 方法繪制軌跡 、get_pos 實時獲取軌跡坐標
class Trail:
def __init__(self, n, size, dynamic):
self.pos_in_line = n
self.pos = vector(-10, -10)
self.dynamic = dynamic
if self.dynamic:
self.colour = trail_colours[n]
self.size = int(size - n / 2)
else:
self.colour = (255, 255, 200)
self.size = size - 2
if self.size < 0:
self.size = 0
def get_pos(self, x, y):
self.pos = vector(x, y)
def show(self, win):
pygame.draw.circle(win, self.colour, (int(self.pos.x), int(self.pos.y)), self.size)
def update(win, fireworks):
for fw in fireworks:
fw.update(win)
if fw.remove():
fireworks.remove(fw)
pygame.display.update()
三個類之間的關系為：一個Firework 由多個 Particle 構成，而一個 Particle 由多個 Trail 構成，最後，寫一個 main 方法來對 pygame 環境進行初始化，例如背景圖片，文字。
def main():
pygame.init()
pygame.font.init()
pygame.display.set_caption("祝您新年快樂") # 標題
background = pygame.image.load("./5.png") # 背景
sound_wav = pygame.mixer.music.load("2.mp3")
pygame.mixer.music.play()
# 加載背景音樂
pygame.mixer.music.load("./res/音樂文件名")
# 循環播放背景音樂
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)
# 停止背景音樂
pygame.mixer.music.stop()
# 加載音效
boom_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("./res/音效名")
# 播放音效
boom_sound.play()
boom_sound.stop()
myfont = pygame.font.Font("simkai.TTF",80)
myfont1 = pygame.font.Font("simkai.ttf", 30)
testsurface = myfont.render("虎虎生威",False,(0, 0, 0),(220, 20, 60))
testsurface1 = myfont1.render("", False, (251, 59, 85))
# pygame.image.load("")
win = pygame.display.set_mode((DISPLAY_WIDTH, DISPLAY_HEIGHT))
# win.blit(background)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fireworks = [Firework() for i in range(2)] # create the first fireworks
running = True
while running:
clock.tick(60)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: # Change game speed with number keys
if event.key == pygame.K_1: # 按下 1
fireworks.append(Firework())
if event.key == pygame.K_2: # 按下 2 加入10個煙花
for i in range(10):
fireworks.append(Firework())
if event.key == pygame.K_3: # 按下 3 加入100個煙花
for i in range(100):
fireworks.append(Firework())
win.fill((20, 20, 30)) # draw background
win.blit(background,(0,0))
win.blit(testsurface,(200,30))
win.blit(testsurface1, (520,80))
if randint(0, 20) == 1: # 創建新的煙花
fireworks.append(Firework())
update(win, fireworks)
pygame.quit()
quit()
main()
整體到此就結束瞭，uu們可以嘗試自己試一下，封裝比較困難，但是定義最後初始化我們可以加入一些我們自己的元素！
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