基於python制作簡易版學生信息管理系統
一、前言
本篇博客對於文件操作、字典、列表、匿名函數以及sort()等內置函數進行瞭系統的整理操作，以設計一個學生信息管理系統的形式展示，具體概念方法等會在代碼後進行分析講述，請讀者仔細分析每一處解析，對於基礎鞏固將會有很大的幫助，其中還有每一塊代碼的設計思路圖，邏輯分析會有一定的提升。
二、需求分析
本程序需要用到os模板首先導入，並命名要存儲信息的文件
import os File_Object_Name = 'Student_Inforation.txt'
三、主函數
def Main():
while True:
Menu()
_Select = int(input('Please select operation:'))
if _Select in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]:
if _Select == 0:
_Answer = input('Do you want to log out?(Y/N)')
if _Answer == 'Y' or _Answer == 'y':
print('Thank for you use!!!')
break
pass
else:
continue
pass
pass
elif _Select == 1:
Insert_Infor()
pass
elif _Select == 2:
Search_Infor()
pass
elif _Select == 3:
Delete_Infor()
pass
elif _Select == 4:
Change_Infor()
pass
elif _Select == 5:
Sort()
pass
elif _Select == 6:
Count_Total_Num()
pass
elif _Select == 7:
Show_Infor()
pass
pass
else:
print('Error Input!!!')
pass
四、功能菜單
def Menu():
print('=========Student Information Management System=========')
print('---------------------Function menu---------------------')
print(' 1、Input Student Information')
print(' 2、Search Student Information')
print(' 3、Delete Student Information')
print(' 4、Change Student Information')
print(' 5、Sort According to Score')
print(' 6、Count Total Student Number')
print(' 7、Show All Student Information')
print(' 0、Log Out')
print('-------------------------------------------------------')
pass
五、錄入信息
def Insert_Infor():
Student_Infor_List = [] # 創建一個學生信息空列表，後面會用到
while True:
Stu_Id = input('Please input the id(such as 1001,1002):')
if not Stu_Id: # 空的字符串轉為bool類型為False，非空為True，此處若是輸入為空會直接跳出循環。（空列表、字典、元組等都滿足）
break
pass
Stu_Name = input('Please input the name:')
if not Stu_Name:
break
pass
try:
English_Score = int(input('Please input the English score:'))
Python_Score = int(input('Please input the Python score:'))
Java_Score = int(input('Please input the Java score:'))
pass
except:
print('Error Input(not int),please input again')
continue
pass
# 將每個學生的信息放入一個字典當中
Student_Infor_Dict = {'Id': Stu_Id, 'Name': Stu_Name, 'English': English_Score, 'Python': Python_Score, 'Java': Java_Score}
# 將一個字典作為一個元素放入學生信息列表
Student_Infor_List.append(Student_Infor_Dict) # 使用 append() 方法來添加列表項
_Answer = input('Whether to input more?(Y/N)')
if _Answer == 'Y' or _Answer == 'y':
continue
pass
else:
break
pass
pass
# 將學生信息列表中的字典元素保存到文件之中，調用Keep_Infor()函數
Keep_Infor(Student_Infor_List)
print('Input Finished')
pass
六、保存信息
def Keep_Infor(List):
File_Object = open(File_Object_Name, mode='a', encoding='utf-8')
# 打開一個文件用於追加。如果該文件已存在，文件指針將會放在文件的結尾。也就是說，新的內容將會被寫入到已有內容之後。如果該文件不存在，創建新文件進行寫入。
for item in List:
File_Object.write(str(item)+'\n')
pass
# 將傳入的列表中的字典元素強制轉換成字符串類型並拼接上換行符寫入文件
File_Object.close()
七、查找信息
def Search_Infor():
Student_Query = [] # 空列表，之後用於存放查找到的學生信息
while True:
Student_Id = ''
Student_Name = ''
if os.path.exists(File_Object_Name):
# os.path模塊主要用於文件的屬性獲取，os.path.exists()就是判斷括號裡的文件是否存在，括號內的可以是文件路徑/名。
Search_Mode = int(input('search by id(1) or by name(2):'))
if Search_Mode == 1:
Student_Id = input('Please input id:')
pass
elif Search_Mode == 2:
Student_Name = input('Please input name:')
pass
else:
print('Error Input,try again!')
Search_Infor()
pass
with open(File_Object_Name, 'r', encoding='utf-8')as File_Object: # 隻讀模式打開文件並將類對象賦給File_Object
Student_List = File_Object.readlines() # readlines()按行讀取，一次性讀取所有內容，返回一個列表，每一行內容作為一個元素
for item in Student_List: # 遍歷列表中元素
_Dict = eval(item)
# 由於是以字符串類型保存到文件中，此時item相當於'dict'形式，要將其用eval()函數轉換為字典,即脫掉''。
if Student_Id: # 如果選的是按照姓名查找，則此空字符串已經不再為空，bool類型為True
if Student_Id == _Dict['Id']:
Student_Query.append(_Dict)
pass
pass
elif Student_Name:
if Student_Name == _Dict['Name']:
Student_Query.append(_Dict)
pass
pass
pass
if Student_Query == []: # 仍為空說明未找到。
print('no such student,try again')
Search_Infor() # 再次調用函數
pass
pass
pass
else:
print('Still no such file to keep student information!')
pass
print(Student_Query[0]) # 此時該列表中隻有一個字典元素，直接打印輸出
Student_Query.clear() # 調用內置函數清空列表，方便下次使用
_Answer = input('Whether to search others?(Y/N)')
if _Answer == 'Y' or _Answer == 'y':
continue
pass
else:
return
pass
pass
八、刪除信息
def Delete_Infor():
while True:
Student_Id = input('Please input the student‘s id that you want to delete:')
if Student_Id:
if os.path.exists(File_Object_Name):
with open(File_Object_Name, 'r', encoding='utf-8')as File1:
Old_Student_Infor = File1.readlines() # 讀取每行作為元素放入Old_Student_Infor列表
pass
pass
else:
Old_Student_Infor = []
pass
Flag = False # 是否刪除成功的標志
if Old_Student_Infor:
with open(File_Object_Name, 'w', encoding='utf-8')as File2:
_Dict = {}
for item in Old_Student_Infor:
_Dict = eval(item) # 將刪除信息之前的列表元素轉化為字典形式賦給_Dict
if _Dict['Id'] != Student_Id:
File2.write(str(_Dict)+'\n')
# 如果與要刪除的信息的Id不同，覆蓋寫入原文件
pass
else:
Flag = True # 如果相同的話，則不寫入文件中，相當於刪除成功
pass
pass
if Flag:
print('Student information of {} has been delete'.format(Student_Id))
pass
else:
print('Can not find student of id:{}'.format(Student_Id))
pass
pass
pass
else:
print('file have no student information')
break
pass
Show_Infor()
_Answer = input('Whether to delete more?(Y/N)')
pass
if _Answer == 'Y' or _Answer == 'y':
continue
pass
else:
break
pass
pass
pass
九、修改信息
def Change_Infor():
Show_Infor()
if os.path.exists(File_Object_Name):
with open(File_Object_Name, 'r', encoding='utf-8')as old_file:
Old_Student_Infor = old_file.readlines()
pass
pass
else:
return
Student_Id = input('Please input the id you wanna change:')
if Student_Id:
with open(File_Object_Name, 'w', encoding='utf-8')as new_file:
for item in Old_Student_Infor:
_dict = dict(eval(item))
if _dict['Id'] == Student_Id:
print('Find it,can change it!')
while True:
try:
_dict['Name'] = input('Please input new name:')
_dict['English'] = input('Please input new English score:')
_dict['Python'] = input('Please input new Python score:')
_dict['Java'] = input('Please input new Java score:')
pass
except:
print('Error Input!!!Try again')
pass
new_file.write(str(_dict)+'\n')
print('Successfully change!')
break
pass
pass
else:
print('Can‘t find it')
new_file.write(str(_dict)+'\n')
pass
pass
pass
pass
_Answer = input('Whether to change more?(Y/N)')
if _Answer == 'y' or _Answer == 'Y':
Change_Infor()
pass
else:
return
pass
十、顯示信息
def Show_Infor():
Infor_List = []
if os.path.exists(File_Object_Name):
with open(File_Object_Name, 'r', encoding='utf-8')as File_Object:
Stu_List = File_Object.readlines()
for item1 in Stu_List:
Infor_List.append(dict(eval(item1)))
pass
if Infor_List:
for item2 in Infor_List:
print(item2)
pass
pass
else:
print('no student')
pass
pass
pass
else:
print('no such file')
pass
pass
十一、按成績排序
def Sort():
Show_Infor()
Infor_List = []
if os.path.exists(File_Object_Name):
with open(File_Object_Name, 'r', encoding='utf-8')as File_Object:
Student_List = File_Object.readlines()
for item in Student_List:
_Dict = dict(eval(item))
Infor_List.append(_Dict)
pass
pass
pass
else:
print('no such file')
return
Sort_Mode = bool(input('Please input sort mode(0、ascending order|1、descending order)'))
if not Sort_Mode: # ascending order
reverse_mode = True
pass
else: # descending order
reverse_mode = False
pass
Specific_Sort_Mode = int(input('Sort by English(1),by Python(2),by Jave(3),by total(4):'))
if Specific_Sort_Mode == 1:
Infor_List.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['English']), reverse=reverse_mode)
pass
elif Specific_Sort_Mode == 2:
Infor_List.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['Python']), reverse=reverse_mode)
pass
elif Specific_Sort_Mode == 3:
Infor_List.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['Java']), reverse=reverse_mode)
pass
elif Specific_Sort_Mode == 4:
Infor_List.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['English']) + int(x['Python']) + int(x['Java']), reverse=reverse_mode)
pass
else:
print('Error Input,try again')
Sort()
pass
for item in Infor_List:
print(item)
pass
pass
- sort()函數原型: list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)
key參數 ：
key接受的是一個隻有一個形參的函數，形式如下
def f(a):
return len(a)
key接受的函數返回值，表示此元素的權值，sort將按照權值大小進行排序
reverse參數 ：
reverse接受的是一個bool類型的值 (Ture or False),表示是否顛倒排列順序,一般默認的是False
十二、統計人數
def Count_Total_Num():
if os.path.exists(File_Object_Name):
with open(File_Object_Name, 'r', encoding='utf-8')as File_Object:
Stu_List = File_Object.readlines()
_Count = len(Stu_List)
if _Count >= 2:
print('A total of {} students')
pass
elif _Count ==1:
print('A single student!')
pass
else:
print('no student!')
pass
pass
pass
else:
print('still no such file!')
pass
pass
十三、最後記得運行主函數
Main()
十四、將程序打包成可執行exe文件
1.cmd進入command界面
2.輸入pip install PyInstaller
3.安裝完成後仍在cmd界面輸入pyinstaller -F py為擴展名的文件路徑\文件名.py
4.操作後將會有一大串代碼，倒數第二行會有最終文件的保存地址，打開之後將之前編譯程序生成的txt文件移入該文件夾中即可操作
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