Python學習之12個常用基礎語法詳解
前言
前幾天寫瞭一篇關於python高級語法的文章:python進階從青銅到王者一定會用上的Python技巧。
有讀者私信說:怎麼看自己是不是入門python瞭呢? 開發中高頻python基礎語法有哪些呢?
下面通過12個小案例,包含瞭日常開發中非常實用的語法,大傢一起來檢驗下你會幾個呢?
1. 多個字符串組合為一個字符串
list_of_strings = ['My', 'name', 'is', 'Dragon'] # Using join with the comma separator print(' '.join(list_of_strings)) # Output # My name is Dragon
2. 字符串拆分為子字符串列表
string_1 = "My name is Dragon" string_2 = "sample/ string 2" # default separator ' ' print(string_1.split()) # ['My', 'name', 'is', 'Dragon'] # defining separator as '/' print(string_2.split('/')) # ['sample', ' string 2']
3. 統計列表中元素的次數
# finding frequency of each element in a list from collections import Counter my_list = ['a','a','b','b','b','c','d','d','d','d','d'] count = Counter(my_list) # defining a counter object print(count) # Of all elements # Counter({'d': 5, 'b': 3, 'a': 2, 'c': 1}) print(count['b']) # of individual element # 3 print(count.most_common(1)) # most frequent element # [('d', 5)]
4. 使用try-except-else-block模塊
a, b = 1,0 try: print(a/b) # exception raised when b is 0 except ZeroDivisionError: print("division by zero") else: print("no exceptions raised") finally: print("Run this always") # output # division by zero # Run this always
5. 使用枚舉函數得到key/value對
my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'] for index, value in enumerate(my_list): print('{0}: {1}'.format(index, value)) # 0: a # 1: b # 2: c # 3: d # 4: e
6. 檢查對象的內存使用情況
import sys num = 21 print(sys.getsizeof(num)) # In Python 3, 28
7. 合並字典
dict_1 = {'apple': 9, 'banana': 6} dict_2 = {'banana': 4, 'orange': 8} combined_dict = {**dict_1, **dict_2} print(combined_dict) # Output # {'apple': 9, 'banana': 4, 'orange': 8}
8. 計算執行一段代碼所花費的時間
import time start_time = time.time() # Code to check follows for i in range(10**5): a, b = 1,2 c = a+ b # Code to check ends end_time = time.time() time_taken_in_micro = (end_time- start_time)*(10**6) print(time_taken_in_micro) # output # 28770.217895507812
9. 列表展開
from iteration_utilities import deepflatten # if you only have one depth nested_list, use this def flatten(l): return [item for sublist in l for item in sublist] l = [[1,2,3],[3]] print(flatten(l)) # [1, 2, 3, 3] # if you don't know how deep the list is nested l = [[1,2,3],[4,[5],[6,7]],[8,[9,[10]]]] print(list(deepflatten(l, depth=3))) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
10. 列表采樣
import random my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'] num_samples = 2 samples = random.sample(my_list,num_samples) print(samples) # [ 'a', 'e'] this will have any 2 random values
11. 數字化
num = 123456 # using map list_of_digits = list(map(int, str(num))) print(list_of_digits) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] # using list comprehension list_of_digits = [int(x) for x in str(num)] print(list_of_digits) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
12. 檢查列表元素的唯一性
def unique(l): if len(l)==len(set(l)): print("All elements are unique") else: print("List has duplicates") unique([1,2,3,4]) # All elements are unique unique([1,1,2,3]) # List has duplicates
到此這篇關於Python學習之12個常用基礎語法詳解的文章就介紹到這瞭,更多相關Python基礎語法內容請搜索WalkonNet以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大傢以後多多支持WalkonNet!
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