利用Python制作一個MOOC公開課下載器
導語
記得很久以前寫過一些中國大學MOOC上的視頻下載器,不過好像都已經年久失修瞭。正好最近有需要,所以重新寫瞭一個,順便上來分享一波,寒假大傢也可以用它來下載點課程內卷一下:
廢話不多說,讓我們愉快地開始吧~
開發工具
Python版本:3.7.8
相關模塊:
DecryptLogin模塊;
tqdm模塊;
click模塊;
argparse模塊;
以及一些python自帶的模塊。
環境搭建
安裝Python並添加到環境變量,pip安裝需要的相關模塊即可。
先睹為快
運行方式:
python moocdl.py --url 課程鏈接
效果如下:
moocdl
隨便挑的一個課程測試的,結果是m3u8格式的,所以下載起來有點慢。默認會把所有的課件這些東西也一起下載下來放到對應的目錄。
原理簡介
首先,我們需要先模擬登錄中國大學MOOC,這樣才能下載對應的課程資料,這裡借助公眾號之前開源的DecryptLogin包就好啦:
'''登錄''' def login(self, username, password): lg = login.Login() infos_return, session = lg.icourse163(username, password) return infos_return, session
接著,我們簡單講解一下如何下載對應課程裡的資料。首先,我們需要獲得課程相關的基本資料,隨便點開個課程主頁就可以發現直接在返回的頁面裡就有:
提取我們需要的課程信息的代碼實現如下:
# 從課程主頁面獲取信息 url = url.replace('learn/', 'course/') response = self.session.get(url) term_id = re.findall(r'termId : "(\d+)"', response.text)[0] course_name = ' - '.join(re.findall(r'name:"(.+)"', response.text)) course_name = self.filterBadCharacter(course_name) course_id = re.findall(r'https?://www.icourse163.org/(course|learn)/\w+-(\d+)', url)[0] print(f'從課程主頁面獲取的信息如下:\n\t[課程名]: {course_name}, [課程ID]: {course_name}, [TID]: {term_id}')
接著利用這些信息來爬取對應的資源列表:
# 獲取資源列表 resource_list = [] data = { 'tid': term_id, 'mob-token': self.infos_return['results']['mob-token'], } response = self.session.post('https://www.icourse163.org/mob/course/courseLearn/v1', data=data) course_info = response.json() file_types = [1, 3, 4] for chapter_num, chapter in enumerate(course_info.get('results', {}).get('termDto', {}).get('chapters', [])): for lesson_num, lesson in enumerate(chapter.get('lessons', [])) if chapter.get('lessons') is not None else []: for unit_num, unit in enumerate(lesson.get('units', [])): if unit['contentType'] not in file_types: continue savedir = course_name self.checkdir(savedir) for item in [self.filterBadCharacter(chapter['name']), self.filterBadCharacter(lesson['name']), self.filterBadCharacter(unit['name'])]: savedir = os.path.join(savedir, item) self.checkdir(savedir) if unit['contentType'] == file_types[0]: savename = self.filterBadCharacter(unit['name']) + '.mp4' resource_list.append({ 'savedir': savedir, 'savename': savename, 'type': 'video', 'contentId': unit['contentId'], 'id': unit['id'], }) elif unit['contentType'] == file_types[1]: savename = self.filterBadCharacter(unit['name']) + '.pdf' resource_list.append({ 'savedir': savedir, 'savename': savename, 'type': 'pdf', 'contentId': unit['contentId'], 'id': unit['id'], }) elif unit['contentType'] == file_types[2]: if unit.get('jsonContent'): json_content = eval(unit['jsonContent']) savename = self.filterBadCharacter(json_content['fileName']) resource_list.append({ 'savedir': savedir, 'savename': savename, 'type': 'rich_text', 'jsonContent': json_content, }) print(f'成功獲得資源列表, 數量為{len(resource_list)}')
最後根據資源類型解析下載即可:
# 下載對應資源 pbar = tqdm(resource_list) for resource in pbar: pbar.set_description(f'downloading {resource["savename"]}') # --下載視頻 if resource['type'] == 'video': data = { 'bizType': '1', 'mob-token': self.infos_return['results']['mob-token'], 'bizId': resource['id'], 'contentType': '1', } while True: response = self.session.post('https://www.icourse163.org/mob/j/v1/mobileResourceRpcBean.getResourceToken.rpc', data=data) if response.json()['results'] is not None: break time.sleep(0.5 + random.random()) signature = response.json()['results']['videoSignDto']['signature'] data = { 'enVersion': '1', 'clientType': '2', 'mob-token': self.infos_return['results']['mob-token'], 'signature': signature, 'videoId': resource['contentId'], } response = self.session.post('https://vod.study.163.com/mob/api/v1/vod/videoByNative', data=data) # ----下載視頻 videos = response.json()['results']['videoInfo']['videos'] resolutions, video_url = [3, 2, 1], None for resolution in resolutions: for video in videos: if video['quality'] == resolution: video_url = video["videoUrl"] break if video_url is not None: break if '.m3u8' in video_url: self.m3u8download({ 'download_url': video_url, 'savedir': resource['savedir'], 'savename': resource['savename'], }) else: self.defaultdownload({ 'download_url': video_url, 'savedir': resource['savedir'], 'savename': resource['savename'], }) # ----下載字幕 srt_info = response.json()['results']['videoInfo']['srtCaptions'] if srt_info: for srt_item in srt_info: srt_name = os.path.splitext(resource['savename'])[0] + '_' + srt_item['languageCode'] + '.srt' srt_url = srt_item['url'] response = self.session.get(srt_url) fp = open(os.path.join(resource['savedir'], srt_name), 'wb') fp.write(response.content) fp.close() # --下載PDF elif resource['type'] == 'pdf': data = { 't': '3', 'cid': resource['contentId'], 'unitId': resource['id'], 'mob-token': self.infos_return['results']['mob-token'], } response = self.session.post('http://www.icourse163.org/mob/course/learn/v1', data=data) pdf_url = response.json()['results']['learnInfo']['textOrigUrl'] self.defaultdownload({ 'download_url': pdf_url, 'savedir': resource['savedir'], 'savename': resource['savename'], }) # --下載富文本 elif resource['type'] == 'rich_text': download_url = 'http://www.icourse163.org/mob/course/attachment.htm?' + urlencode(resource['jsonContent']) self.defaultdownload({ 'download_url': download_url, 'savedir': resource['savedir'], 'savename': resource['savename'], })
ok,大功告成啦,寫的有點簡略,因為晚上還有點其他事。大傢可以自己在手機端抓包試試,很簡單的~
到此這篇關於利用Python制作一個MOOC公開課下載器的文章就介紹到這瞭,更多相關Python公開課下載器內容請搜索WalkonNet以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大傢以後多多支持WalkonNet!
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