Python實現各種郵件發送

前言:

Python內置對SMTP的支持,可以發送純文本郵件、HTML郵件以及帶附件的郵件。

Python對SMTP支持有smtplib和email兩個模塊,email負責構造郵件,smtplib負責發送郵件。

一、發送純文本內容

代碼如下:

# 引入相應的模塊
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
class SendMail(object):
   def __init__(self):
       self.fromUser = "[email protected]" 
       self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx"      # 此處是qq郵箱授權碼, 不是登錄密碼
       self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"
   # 構造郵件結構
   # toAddrs 收件人可以是多個,["[email protected]","[email protected]"], subject 郵件的主題, msg 郵件的內容
   def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
       # 郵件對象:
       mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
       mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
       mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理員 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
       mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
       # 郵件正文是MIMEText :
       mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))
       return mailMsg.as_string()

   # 發送郵件
   def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
       mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
       # 連接服務器發送郵件
       try:
           server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
           server.connect(self.smtpAddr)  # 連接smtp服務器
           server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd)  # 登錄郵箱
           server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string)  # 發送郵件
           server.quit()
       except Exception:
           print("Error: unable to send email")
a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["[email protected]", "[email protected]"], "測試主題", "測試內容")

效果圖:

二、發送附件圖片

代碼如下:

如果Email中要加上附件怎麼辦?帶附件的郵件可以看做包含若幹部分的郵件:文本和各個附件本身,所以,可以構造一個MIMEMultipart對象代表郵件本身,然後往裡面加上一個MIMEText作為郵件正文,再繼續往裡面加上表示附件的MIMEBase對象即可:

其實就是打開圖片並引入(加上這段內容)

with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f:
# 設置附件的MIME和文件名,這裡是png類型:
mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png")
# 加上必要的頭信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的內容讀進來:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64編碼:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
mailMsg.attach(mime)

發送附件圖片 (完整代碼如下:)

# 引入相應的模塊
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
class SendMail(object):
def __init__(self):
self.fromUser = "[email protected]"
self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此處是qq郵箱授權碼, 不是登錄密碼
self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"

# 構造郵件結構
# toAddrs 收件人可以是多個,["[email protected]","[email protected]"], subject 郵件的主題, msg 郵件的內容
def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
# 郵件對象:
mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理員 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
# 郵件正文是MIMEText :
mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))

# 發送圖片附件, 需要用到附件對象MIMEBase對象, 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
# 添加附件就是加上一個MIMEBase,從本地讀取一個圖片:
with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f:
# 設置附件的MIME和文件名,這裡是png類型:
mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png")
# 加上必要的頭信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的內容讀進來:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64編碼:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
mailMsg.attach(mime)
return mailMsg.as_string()
# 發送郵件
def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
# 連接服務器發送郵件
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 連接smtp服務器
server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登錄郵箱
server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 發送郵件
server.quit()
except Exception:
print("Error: unable to send email")
a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["[email protected]", "[email protected]"], "測試主題", "測試內容")

效果圖:

如果要把一個圖片嵌入到郵件正文中怎麼做?直接在HTML郵件中鏈接圖片地址行不行?答案是,大部分郵件服務商都會自動屏蔽帶有外鏈的圖片,因為不知道這些鏈接是否指向惡意網站。

要把圖片嵌入到郵件正文中,我們隻需按照發送附件的方式,先把郵件作為附件添加進去,然後,在HTML中通過引用src="cid:0"就可以把附件作為圖片嵌入瞭。如果有多個圖片,給它們依次編號,然後引用不同的cid:x即可。

其實就是將MIMEText 格式改變一下:

mailMsg.attach(MIMEText('<html><body><h1>%s</h1>' % (msg) + '<p><img src="cid:0"></p>' + '</body></html>', 'html','utf-8'))

將附件圖片包含在郵件內容中(完整代碼如下:)

# 引入相應的模塊
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
class SendMail(object):
def __init__(self):
self.fromUser = "[email protected]"
self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此處是qq郵箱授權碼, 不是登錄密碼
self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"

# 構造郵件結構
# toAddrs 收件人可以是多個,["[email protected]","[email protected]"], subject 郵件的主題, msg 郵件的內容
def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
# 郵件對象:
mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理員 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
# 郵件正文是MIMEText :
# 加載圖片並引入到郵件內容中來
mailMsg.attach(MIMEText('<html><body><h1>%s</h1>' % (msg) + '<p><img src="cid:0"></p>' + '</body></html>', 'html','utf-8'))
# 發送圖片附件, 需要用到附件對象MIMEBase對象, 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
# 添加附件就是加上一個MIMEBase,從本地讀取一個圖片:
with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f:
# 設置附件的MIME和文件名,這裡是png類型:
mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png")
# 加上必要的頭信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的內容讀進來:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64編碼:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
mailMsg.attach(mime)
return mailMsg.as_string()

# 發送郵件
def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
# 連接服務器發送郵件
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 連接smtp服務器
server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登錄郵箱
server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 發送郵件
server.quit()
except Exception:
print("Error: unable to send email")
a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["[email protected]", "[email protected]"], "測試主題", "測試內容")

效果圖:

三、發送純文本附件

代碼如下:

# 引入相應的模塊
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
class SendMail(object):
def __init__(self):
self.fromUser = "[email protected]"
self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此處是qq郵箱授權碼, 不是登錄密碼
self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"
# 構造郵件結構
# toAddrs 收件人可以是多個,["[email protected]","[email protected]"], subject 郵件的主題, msg 郵件的內容
def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
# 郵件對象:
mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理員 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
# 郵件正文是MIMEText :
mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))
# 發送文件附件, 需要用到附件對象MIMEBase對象, 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
# 添加附件就是加上一個MIMEBase,從本地讀取一個文件:
with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\aaa.txt", "rb") as f:
# 設置附件的MIME和文件名,這裡是png類型:
mime = MIMEBase("txta", "txt", filename="test.txt")
# 加上必要的頭信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.txt')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的內容讀進來:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64編碼:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
mailMsg.attach(mime)
return mailMsg.as_string()
# 發送郵件
def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
# 連接服務器發送郵件
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 連接smtp服務器
server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登錄郵箱
server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 發送郵件
server.quit()
except Exception:
print("Error: unable to send email")
a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["[email protected]", "[email protected]"], "測試主題", "測試內容")

效果圖:

四、發送excel表格附件

代碼如下:

#! /usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
import smtplib, time
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
class EmailSender(object):
def __init__(self):
self.sender_user = '[email protected]' #發件人郵箱地址
self.sender_password = 'xxxxxxxxxx' #發件人郵箱密碼
self.smtp_server_addr = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com' #smtp服務器地址
self.smtp_server_port = 465 #smtp服務器端口
def main_email(self, text, xlsx_path, xlsx_name):
'''
郵件主題,包含郵件正文 + excel 附件
Args:
text:郵件正文內容
xlsx_path: excel文件路徑
xlsx_name: excel文件,例如a.xlsx
Returns: 返回要發送的數據,正文和附件
'''
msg =MIMEMultipart()
#添加純文本,郵件文本內容,字符串格式
text_msg = MIMEText(text, 'html', 'utf-8')
msg.attach(text_msg)
#將xlsx文件作為內容發送到對方的郵箱讀取excel,rb形式讀取,對於MIMEText()來說默認的編碼形式是base64 對於二進制文件來說沒有設置base64,會出現亂碼
excel_msg = MIMEText(open(xlsx_path, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
#設置文件再附件當中的名字
excel_msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=('gbk', '', xlsx_name))
#添加到郵件內容msg中
msg.attach(excel_msg)
return msg
def login_email(self):
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtp_server_addr, self.smtp_server_port) #連接smtp服務器
server.connect(self.smtp_server_addr) #連接smtp服務器
result = server.login(self.sender_user, self.sender_password) #登陸郵箱
print("登陸結果: ", result)
return server
def send_email(self, title, to_receiver, msg):
'''
發送郵件
Args:
title: 郵件的主題
to_receiver: 收件人郵箱地址,可以是列表
msg: main_email函數返回的郵件主體
Returns:
'''
server = self.login_email()
msg['Subject'] = title
msg['From'] = self.sender_user
msg['To'] = ','.join(to_receiver)
msg['Accept-Language']='zh-CN'
msg['Accept-Charset']='ISO-8859-1,utf-8'
server.sendmail(self.sender_user, to_receiver, msg.as_string()) #發送郵件
sed_mail = EmailSender()
text = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') + "數據統計"
msg = sed_mail.main_email(text, r'小程序日報V2.0(試行版).xlsx', '小程序日報.xlsx')
sed_mail.send_email(title='數據統計', to_receiver=['[email protected]', '[email protected]'], msg=ms

到此這篇關於Python實現各種郵件發送的文章就介紹到這瞭,更多相關Python 發送郵件內容請搜索WalkonNet以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大傢以後多多支持WalkonNet!

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