詳解apache編譯安裝httpd-2.4.54及三種風格的init程序特點和區別
源碼包編譯實例
下面通過編譯安裝httpd來深入理解源碼包安裝(httpd-2.4.54)
下載編譯工具,httpd以及其兩個依賴包的源碼包
//源碼包建議到官方網站下載
[root@lnh ~]# mkdir xbz [root@lnh ~]# cd xbz/ [root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# ls apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
安裝apr
[root@lnh xbz]# ls apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# ls apr-1.7.0 apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz //將apr解壓到當前目錄 [root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-1.7.0/ [root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# ls apr-config.in build-outputs.mk helpers misc strings apr.dep CHANGES include mmap support apr.dsp CMakeLists.txt libapr.dep network_io tables apr.dsw config.layout libapr.dsp NOTICE test apr.mak configure libapr.mak NWGNUmakefile threadproc apr.pc.in configure.in libapr.rc passwd time apr.spec docs LICENSE poll tools atomic dso locks random user build emacs-mode Makefile.in README build.conf encoding Makefile.win README.cmake buildconf file_io memory shmem //進入這個源碼包可以看見裡面被解壓出來的東西 [root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr ... configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating include/apr.h config.status: creating build/apr_rules.mk config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo config.status: creating apr-1-config config.status: creating apr.pc config.status: creating test/Makefile config.status: creating test/internal/Makefile config.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.h config.status: executing libtool commands rm: cannot remove 'libtoolT': No such file or directory config.status: executing default commands //生成Makefile 一般常用的有 --prefix=PREFIX 這個選項的意思是定義軟件包安裝到哪裡 建議,源碼包都是安裝在/opt/目錄下或者/usr/local/src目錄下面 [root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make ... gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I./include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I./include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private export_vars.c | sed -e 's/^\#[^!]*//' | sed -e '/^$/d' >> apr.exp sed 's,^\(location=\).*$,\1installed,' < apr-1-config > apr-config.out sed -e 's,^\(apr_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1,' -e 's,^\(top_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1,' < build/apr_rules.mk > build/apr_rules.out make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0' //編譯生成Makefile,此處雖然出現瞭make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0',但是沒關系可以繼續進行下一步安裝 [root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make install ... /usr/bin/install -c -m 755 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/mkdir.sh /usr/local/src/apr/build-1 for f in make_exports.awk make_var_export.awk; do \ /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/${f} /usr/local/src/apr/build-1; \ done /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 build/apr_rules.out /usr/local/src/apr/build-1/apr_rules.mk /usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apr-config.out /usr/local/src/apr/bin/apr-1-config //進行安裝 [root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# cd /usr/local/src/apr/ [root@lnh apr]# ls bin build-1 include lib //進入apr的路徑進行查看,默認情況下,系統搜索庫文件的路徑隻有/lib,/usr/lib,我們需要進行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中創建以.conf為後綴名的文件,而後把要增添的路徑直接寫至此文件中。此時庫文件增添的搜索路徑重啟後有效,若要使用增添的路徑立即生效則要使用ldconfig命令 [root@lnh apr]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ [root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/src/apr/lib/ >apr.conf [root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd - /usr/local/src/apr //切換到前一個工作目錄 [root@lnh apr]# ldconfig //使命令生效 [root@lnh apr]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr/include/ /usr/include/apr [root@lnh apr]# ll /usr/include/apr/ total 4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 12 20:18 apr-1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Jul 12 20:44 include -> /usr/local/src/apr/include/ 將頭文件軟鏈接到/usr/include目錄下
折疊
安裝apr-util
[root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install expat-devel libxml2-devel pcre-devel //需要先安裝這個依賴 [root@lnh xbz]# ls apr-1.7.0 apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# ls apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz //解壓到當前目錄 [root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-util-1.6.1/ [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# ls aprutil.dep CHANGES include NWGNUmakefile aprutil.dsp CMakeLists.txt ldap README aprutil.dsw config.layout libaprutil.dep README.cmake aprutil.mak configure libaprutil.dsp README.FREETDS apr-util.pc.in configure.in libaprutil.mak redis apr-util.spec crypto libaprutil.rc renames_pending apu-config.in dbd LICENSE strmatch buckets dbm Makefile.in test build docs Makefile.win uri build.conf encoding memcache xlate buildconf export_vars.sh.in misc xml build-outputs.mk hooks NOTICE //進入源碼包查看被解壓出來的東西 [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr ... configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating export_vars.sh config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo config.status: creating apr-util.pc config.status: creating apu-1-config config.status: creating include/private/apu_select_dbm.h config.status: creating include/apr_ldap.h config.status: creating include/apu.h config.status: creating include/apu_want.h config.status: creating test/Makefile config.status: creating include/private/apu_config.h config.status: executing default commands //生成Makefile文件,需要伴隨著上一個指定的依賴 [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make ... gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1 exports.c | grep "ap_hack_" | sed -e 's/^.*[)]\(.*\);$/\1/' >> aprutil.exp gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1 export_vars.c | sed -e 's/^\#[^!]*//' | sed -e '/^$/d' >> aprutil.exp sed 's,^\(location=\).*$,\1installed,' < apu-1-config > apu-config.out make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1' //編譯生成的Makefile文件,出現make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1'這個沒有關系可以繼續進行下一步安裝 [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make install ... See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 aprutil.exp /usr/local/src/apr-util/lib /usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apu-config.out /usr/local/src/apr-util/bin/apu-1-config //進行安裝 [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-util/ [root@lnh apr-util]# ls bin include lib //切換到apr-util安裝目錄進行查看,默認情況下,系統搜索庫文件的路徑隻有/lib,/usr/lib,我們需要進行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中創建以.conf為後綴名的文件,而後把要增添的路徑直接寫至此文件中。此時庫文件增添的搜索路徑重啟後有效,若要使用增添的路徑立即生效則要使用ldconfig命令 [root@lnh apr-util]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ [root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/src/apr-util/ >apr-util.conf [root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd - /usr/local/src/apr-util //切換到上一個工作目錄 [root@lnh apr-util]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr-util/include/ /usr/include/apr -util //將頭文件軟鏈接到/usr/include目錄下
折疊
安裝httpd
[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# ls apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54 apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz //解壓到當前目錄 [root@lnh xbz]# cd httpd-2.4.54/ [root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# ls ABOUT_APACHE CMakeLists.txt InstallBin.dsp README acinclude.m4 config.layout LAYOUT README.CHANGES Apache-apr2.dsw configure libhttpd.dep README.cmake Apache.dsw configure.in libhttpd.dsp README.platforms apache_probes.d docs libhttpd.mak ROADMAP ap.d emacs-style LICENSE server build httpd.dep Makefile.in srclib BuildAll.dsp httpd.dsp Makefile.win support BuildBin.dsp httpd.mak modules test buildconf httpd.spec NOTICE VERSIONING CHANGES include NWGNUmakefile changes-entries INSTALL os //查看被解壓出來的東西 [root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/httpd --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/src/apr-util ... config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h config.status: executing default commands configure: summary of build options: Server Version: 2.4.54 Install prefix: /usr/local/src/httpd C compiler: gcc CFLAGS: -g -O2 -pthread CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE LDFLAGS: LIBS: C preprocessor: gcc -E //生成Makefile文件 [root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make ... /usr/local/src/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=link gcc -g -O2 -pthread -o mod_rewrite.la -rpath /usr/local/src/httpd/modules -module -avoid-version mod_rewrite.lo make[4]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers' make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers' make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules' make[2]: Entering directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support' make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support' make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54' //編譯生成Makefile文件,出現的一些沒有讀取到的問題沒有關系,繼續進行下一步 [root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make install ... Installing man pages and online manual mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man1 mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man8 mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/manual make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54' //進行安裝 [root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd/ [root@lnh httpd]# ls bin cgi-bin error icons logs manual build conf htdocs include man modules //切換到httpd的安裝目錄進行查看,默認情況下,系統搜索庫文件的路徑隻有/lib,/usr/lib [root@lnh httpd]# ln -s /usr/local/src/httpd/include/ /usr/include/httpd [root@lnh httpd]# ll /usr/include/httpd lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Jul 12 21:23 /usr/include/httpd -> /usr/local/src/httpd/include/ //將頭文件軟鏈接到/usr/include目錄下 [root@lnh httpd]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/src/httpd/bin" > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh [root@lnh httpd]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh //配置httpd的全局環境變量,並生成效果 [root@lnh httpd]# which httpd /usr/local/src/httpd/bin/httpd [root@lnh httpd]# vim /etc/man_db.conf MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/src/httpd/man //添加後面這一行 [root@lnh ~]# httpd AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fe57:f6f5%ens33. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message httpd (pid 35719) already running //啟動服務 [root@lnh ~]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* //查看端口 [root@lnh ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //關閉防火墻
折疊
服務80端口
源碼編譯報錯信息處理
checking for APR... no configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation. //解決方案 [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz 提前把這兩個依賴包安裝好才可以進行生成Makefile文件 無法進行生成兩個依賴包的Makefile文件 //解決方案 [root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget 提前下載編譯工具
init程序的三種風格
- SysV⻛格:init(centos5),實現系統初始化時,隨後的初始化操作都是借助於腳本來實現的,(/etc/inittab)
- Upstart風格:init(centos6),由ubuntu研發的,通過總線形式以接近於並行的方式工作,效率比SysV高,配置文件(/etc/inittab,/etc/init/*.conf)
- Systemd風格:systemd(centos7),啟動速度快,系統引導時實現服務並行啟動,比前兩者的效率都高,配置文件(/usr/lib/systemd/system,/etc/systemd/system)
init程序三種風格的特點
SysV⻛格特點:
- 腳本中含有大量的命令,每個命令都要啟動一個進程,命令執行完以後就要終止這個進程。如此一來,系統初始化時將大量的創建進程,銷毀進程,工作效率會非常低
- 服務間可能會存在依賴關系,必須嚴格按照一定的順序來啟動服務,前一個服務沒啟動完後面的服務就無法執行啟動過程。不能並行進行
Upstart風格特點:
- 基於總線方式能夠讓進程間互相通信的一個應用程序
- 不用等服務啟動完成,隻要一初始化就可以把自己的狀態返回給其他進程
Systemd風格特點:
- 啟動速度比SysV和Upstart都快
- 不需要通過任何腳本來啟動服務,systemd自身就可以啟動服務,其本身就是一個強大的解釋器,啟動服務時不需要sh/bash的參與
- systemd不真正在系統初始化時去啟動任何一個服務隻要服務沒用到,它告訴你啟動瞭,實際上並沒有啟動。僅當第一次去訪問時才會真正啟動服務
到此這篇關於apache編譯安裝httpd-2.4.54以及三種風格的init程序特點和區別的文章就介紹到這瞭,更多相關apache編譯安裝httpd-2.4.54內容請搜索WalkonNet以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大傢以後多多支持WalkonNet!
推薦閱讀:
- docker容器源碼部署httpd用存儲卷部署網站(推薦)
- Apache結合Tomcat實現動靜分離的方法
- 入門shell腳本基礎及原理
- Linux apache實現https的配置方法
- 教你saltstack部署zabbix服務的方法