Django在視圖中使用表單並和數據庫進行數據交互的實現

# MyDjango/urls.py
"""MyDjango URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include(('index.urls', 'index'), namespace='index'))
]


# index/urls.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# author:HP
# datetime:2021/6/15 15:35
from django.urls import path, re_path
from .views import *
urlpatterns = [
    path('', index, name='index'),
]

"""
Django settings for MyDjango project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.0.8.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '6##c(097i%=eyr-uy!&m7yk)+ar+_ayjghl(p#&(xb%$u6*32s'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # add a new app index
    'index',
    'mydefined'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'MyDjango.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },

]
'''
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.jinja2.Jinja2',
        'DIRS': [
            os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'),
        ],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'environment': 'MyDjango.jinja2.environment'
        },
    },
    '''

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'MyDjango.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
]

from django.db import models


class PersonInfo(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    # hireDate = models.DateField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '人員信息'


class Vocation(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    job = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    payment = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    person = models.ForeignKey(PersonInfo, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.id)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '職業信息'

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# author:HP
# datetime:2021/6/24 14:55

from django import forms
from .models import *
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError


def payment_validate(value):
    if value > 30000:
        raise ValidationError('請輸入合理的薪資')


class VocationForm(forms.Form):
    job = forms.CharField(max_length=20, label='職位')
    title = forms.CharField(max_length=20, label='職稱',
                            widget=forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'cl'}),
                            error_messages={'required': '職稱不能為空'})
    payment = forms.IntegerField(label='薪資',
                                 validators=[payment_validate])

    value = PersonInfo.objects.values('name')
    choices = [(i+1, v['name']) for i, v in enumerate(value)]
    person = forms.ChoiceField(choices=choices, label='姓名')

    def clean_title(self):
        data = self.cleaned_data['title']
        return '初級' + data

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{% if v.errors %}
    <p>
        數據出錯瞭，錯誤信息：{{ v.errors }}
    </p>
{% else %}
    <form action="" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <table>
            {{ v.as_table }}
        </table>
        <input type="submit" value="submit">
    </form>
{% endif %}
</body>
</html>

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from index.form import VocationForm
from .models import *


def index(request):
    # GET請求
    if request.method == 'GET':
        id = request.GET.get('id', '')
        if id:
            d = Vocation.objects.filter(id=id).values()
            d = list(d)[0]
            d['person'] = d['person_id']
            i = dict(initial=d, label_suffix='*', prefix='vv')
            # 將參數i傳入表單VocationForm執行實例化
            v = VocationForm(**i)
        else:
            v = VocationForm(prefix='vv')
        return render(request, 'index.html', locals())
    # POST請求
    else:
        # 由於在GET請求設置瞭參數prefix
        # 實例化時必須設置參數prefix，否則無法獲取POST的數據
        v = VocationForm(data=request.POST, prefix='vv')
        if v.is_valid():
            # 獲取網頁控件name的數據
            # 方法一
            title = v['title']
            # 方法二
            # cleaned_data將控件name的數據進行清洗
            ctitle = v.cleaned_data['title']
            print(ctitle)
            # 將數據更新到模型Vocation
            id = request.GET.get('id', '')
            d = v.cleaned_data
            d['person_id'] = int(d['person'])
            Vocation.objects.filter(id=id).update(**d)
            return HttpResponse('提交成功')
        else:
            # 獲取錯誤信息，並以json格式輸出
            error_msg = v.errors.as_json()
            print(error_msg)
            return render(request, 'index.html', locals())