Android調用系統圖庫獲取圖片的方法
本文實例為大傢分享瞭Android調用系統圖庫獲取圖片的具體代碼，供大傢參考，具體內容如下
1、開發工具與關鍵技術：Eclipse、AndroidStudio
2、撰寫時間：2020年05月28日
在做移動開發相信很多人都會用到調用系統的圖庫獲取圖片吧，那麼今天我跟大傢講講如何調用系統的圖庫獲取圖片呢！由於本次的內容有點多，所以，分幾個步驟吧！廢話就不多說啦！避免浪費大傢的時間，回歸正題。請看代碼
第一步：在build.gradle的文件下確保安卓版本是6.0以上（targetSdkVersion 23 以上）
defaultConfig {
targetSdkVersion 29
}
第二步：在manifests文件清單中添加權限
<!--允許程序設置內置sd卡的寫權限--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> <!--允許程序讀寫手機狀態和身份--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" /> <!--註意：這個的包名後面的單詞一定要小寫，否則會報錯--> <provider android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider" android:authorities="項目包名.fileprovider" android:exported="false" android:grantUriPermissions="true"> //這個一定要設置為true,否則不可以使用 <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS" android:resource="@xml/file_paths" /> </provider>
第三步：在res的目錄下的xml中添加file_paths.xml文件(這個是固定寫法)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <paths> <root-path name="root" path="." /> <cache-path name="image_cache" path="." /> </paths> </resources>
第四步：創建工具類
1、調用圖庫的MPermissionUtils 工具類
package com.example.hote.util;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.util.Log;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
*
* <p>
* 6.0 運行時權限處理工具類。
*/
public class MPermissionUtils {
private static String TAG=MPermissionUtils.class.getSimpleName();
private static int mRequestCode = -1;
public static void requestPermissionsResult(Activity activity, int requestCode
, String[] permission, OnPermissionListener callback) {
requestPermissions(activity, requestCode, permission, callback);
}
public static void requestPermissionsResult(android.app.Fragment fragment, int requestCode
, String[] permission, OnPermissionListener callback) {
requestPermissions(fragment, requestCode, permission, callback);
}
public static void requestPermissionsResult(Fragment fragment, int requestCode
, String[] permission, OnPermissionListener callback) {
requestPermissions(fragment, requestCode, permission, callback);
}
/**
* 請求權限結果，對應onRequestPermissionsResult()方法。
*/
public static void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
if (requestCode == mRequestCode) {
if (verifyPermissions(grantResults)) {
if (mOnPermissionListener != null)
mOnPermissionListener.onPermissionGranted();
} else {
if (mOnPermissionListener != null)
mOnPermissionListener.onPermissionDenied();
}
//調試打印授權情況
Log.d(TAG,"-----------------------------權限授權信息------------------------------------");
for(int i=0,len=permissions.length;i<len;i++){
String strText="未知情況";
switch (grantResults[i]){
case 0:
strText="授權";
break;
case 1:
strText="被拒絕";
break;
}
Log.d(TAG,"權限："+permissions[i]+" 的授權情況為: "+strText);
}
Log.d(TAG,"-----------------------------------------------------------------------------");
}
}
/**
* 是否徹底拒絕瞭某項權限
*/
public static boolean hasAlwaysDeniedPermission(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String... deniedPermissions) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) return false;
boolean rationale;
for (String permission : deniedPermissions) {
rationale = ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale((Activity) getContext(context), permission);
if (!rationale) return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* 顯示提示對話框
*/
public static void showTipsDialog(final Context context) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
.setTitle("提示信息")
.setMessage("當前應用缺少必要權限，該功能暫時無法使用。如若需要，請單擊【確定】按鈕前往設置中心進行權限授權。")
.setNegativeButton("取消", null)
.setPositiveButton("確定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
startAppSettings(context);
}
}).show();
}
//=============私有方法===================================
/**
* 請求權限處理
*
* @param object activity or fragment
* @param requestCode 請求碼
* @param permissions 需要請求的權限
* @param callback 結果回調
*/
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
private static void requestPermissions(Object object, int requestCode
, String[] permissions, OnPermissionListener callback) {
checkCallingObjectSuitability(object);
mOnPermissionListener = callback;
if (checkPermissions(getContext(object), permissions)) {
if (mOnPermissionListener != null)
mOnPermissionListener.onPermissionGranted();
} else {
List<String> deniedPermissions = getDeniedPermissions(getContext(object), permissions);
int len = deniedPermissions.size();
if (len > 0) {
mRequestCode = requestCode;
String[] strDeniedPermissions = deniedPermissions.toArray(new String[len]);
if (object instanceof Activity) {
((Activity) object).requestPermissions(strDeniedPermissions, requestCode);
} else if (object instanceof Fragment) {
((Fragment) object).requestPermissions(strDeniedPermissions, requestCode);
} else if (object instanceof android.app.Fragment) {
((android.app.Fragment) object).requestPermissions(strDeniedPermissions, requestCode);
}
}
}
}
/**
* 獲取上下文
*/
private static Context getContext(Object object) {
Context context;
if (object instanceof Fragment) {
context = ((Fragment) object).getActivity();
} else if (object instanceof android.app.Fragment) {
context = ((android.app.Fragment) object).getActivity();
} else {
context = (Activity) object;
}
return context;
}
/**
* 啟動當前應用設置頁面
*/
private static void startAppSettings(Context context) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + context.getPackageName()));
context.startActivity(intent);
}
/**
* 驗證權限是否都已經授權
*/
private static boolean verifyPermissions(int[] grantResults) {
// 如果請求被取消，則結果數組為空
if (grantResults.length <= 0)
return false;
// 循環判斷每個權限是否被拒絕
for (int grantResult : grantResults) {
if (grantResult != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* 獲取權限列表中所有需要授權的權限
*
* @param context 上下文
* @param permissions 權限列表
* @return 需要授權的權限列表
*/
private static List<String> getDeniedPermissions(Context context, String... permissions) {
List<String> deniedPermissions = new ArrayList<>();
for (String permission : permissions) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
deniedPermissions.add(permission);
}
}
return deniedPermissions;
}
/**
* 檢查所傳遞對象的正確性
*
* @param object 必須為 activity or fragment
*/
private static void checkCallingObjectSuitability(Object object) {
if (object == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("Activity or Fragment should not be null");
}
boolean isActivity = object instanceof Activity;
boolean isSupportFragment = object instanceof Fragment;
boolean isAppFragment = object instanceof android.app.Fragment;
if (!(isActivity || isSupportFragment || isAppFragment)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Caller must be an Activity or a Fragment");
}
}
/**
* 檢查所有的權限是否已經被授權
*
* @param permissions 權限列表
* @return 所有的權限是否已經被授權
*/
private static boolean checkPermissions(Context context, String... permissions) {
if (isOverMarshmallow()) {
for (String permission : permissions) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* 判斷當前手機API版本是否 >= 6.0
*/
private static boolean isOverMarshmallow() {
return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M;
}
public interface OnPermissionListener {
void onPermissionGranted();
void onPermissionDenied();
}
private static OnPermissionListener mOnPermissionListener;
}
2、GetImagePath 的工具類
package com.example.hote.util;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
public class GetImagePath {
// 4.4以上 content://com.android.providers.media.documents/document/image:3952
// 4.4以下 content://media/external/images/media/3951
@SuppressLint("NewApi")
public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {
final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;
// DocumentProvider
if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
// ExternalStorageProvider
if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final String[] split = docId.split(":");
final String type = split[0];
if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
}
}
// DownloadsProvider
else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
}
// MediaProvider
else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final String[] split = docId.split(":");
final String type = split[0];
Uri contentUri = null;
if ("image".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("video".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
}
final String selection = "_id=?";
final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{
split[1]
};
return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
}
}
// MediaStore (and general)
else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
// Return the remote address
if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri))
return uri.getLastPathSegment();
return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
}
// File
else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
return uri.getPath();
}
return null;
}
//Android 4.4以下版本自動使用該方法
public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs) {
Cursor cursor = null;
final String column = "_data";
final String[] projection = {
column
};
try {
cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
null);
if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
final int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
return cursor.getString(index);
}
} finally {
if (cursor != null)
cursor.close();
}
return null;
}
/**
* @param uri The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
*/
public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
/**
* @param uri The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
*/
public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
/**
* @param uri The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
*/
public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
/**
* @param uri The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos.
*/
public static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
}
第五步：Activity的代碼
public class InfoActivity extends AppCompatActivity
{
private static final int IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE = 100;
private static final int IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE_GE7 = 101;
private static final int CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE = 104;
private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_CODE = 200;
private File mGalleryFile;//存放圖庫選擇是返回的圖片
//相冊的File對象
mGalleryFile=new File(path,”IMAGE_GALLERY_NAME.jpg”)
//*********核心代碼***********
view.findViewById(R.id.tv_d_selectPhoto_pic)
.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//檢查權限
String[] strPermissions=new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE //外部存儲器寫權限
};
MPermissionUtils.requestPermissionsResult(UserFragment.this, REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE_CODE, strPermissions, new MPermissionUtils.OnPermissionListener() {
//權限通過的回調
@Override
public void onPermissionGranted() {
//訪問系統圖庫
Intent intent=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);//設置打開文件的模式讀取
intent.setType("image/*");//告訴系統我要獲取圖片
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.N){
//Android7.0及以上
Uri uriForFile= FileProvider.getUriForFile(mActivityContext,
"com.example.hote.fileprovider",mGalleryFile);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,uriForFile);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
//啟動頁面，設置請求碼
startActivityForResult(intent, IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE_GE7);
}else{
//Android7.0一下
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(mGalleryFile));
startActivityForResult(intent, IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE);
}
dialog.dismiss();//關閉dialog
}
//權限不通過的回調
@Override
public void onPermissionDenied() {
//判斷是否有永久拒絕的權限
if (MPermissionUtils.hasAlwaysDeniedPermission(mActivityContext, strPermissions)) {
MPermissionUtils.showTipsDialog(mActivityContext);
} else {
Toast.makeText(mActivityContext, "您拒絕瞭應用需要的權限，將無法在圖庫中選擇頭像。請再試一次，並同意權限。"
, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
}
});
//權限請求的回調
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
MPermissionUtils.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}
//對uri進行獲取
@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK && (data != null || requestCode == CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE)) {
switch (requestCode) {
case IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE://版本<7.0 圖庫返回
//獲取圖片的全路徑
Uri uri = data.getData();
Log.e("ImagUri", uri.getPath());
//進行圖像裁剪
sartPhotoZoom(uri);
break;
case IMAGE_REQUEST_CODE_GE7://版本>= 7.0 圖庫返回
//獲取文件路徑
String strPath = GetImagePath.getPath(mActivityContext, data.getData());
if (strPath!=null) {
File imgFile = new File(strPath);
//通過FileProvider創建一個content類型的Uri
Uri dataUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(mActivityContext, "com.example.hote.fileprovider", imgFile);
Log.e("ImagUri", dataUri.getPath());
//進行圖像裁剪
startPhotoZoom(dataUri);
} else {
Toast.makeText(mActivityContext, "選擇圖片失敗", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
case CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE://相機的返回
Uri inputUrl;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.N){
//Android7.0及以上
//通過FileProvider創建一個content類型的Uri inputUrl=FileProvider.getUriForFile(mActivityContext,"com.example.hote.fileprovider",mCameraFile);
}else {
//Android7.0以下
inputUrl=Uri.fromFile(mCameraFile);
}
} else {
Toast.makeText(mActivityContext, "操作失敗", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
第六： 運行結果
到這裡也算告一段落，現在我們已經拿到圖片的uri。剩下的圖片裁剪和上傳，在這裡：Android實現圖片裁剪和上傳
以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大傢的學習有所幫助，也希望大傢多多支持WalkonNet。
推薦閱讀：
- Android開發之permission動態權限獲取詳解
- Android權限詢問的實例詳解
- Android11及以上文件讀寫權限申請詳細介紹
- Android實現獲取短信驗證碼並自動填充
- Android錄音功能的實現以及踩坑實戰記錄