Java利用套接字實現應用程序對數據庫的訪問
前言
最近在完成軟件體系結構上機實驗時,遇到一個有點點小難度的選做題,題目信息如下:
利用套接字技術實現應用程序中對數據庫的訪問。應用程序隻是利用套接字連接向服務器發送一個查詢的條件,而服務器負責對數據庫的查詢,然後服務器再將查詢的結果利用建立的套接字返回給客戶端,如下圖所示。
本來吧,選做題,不太想做的,但是考慮到以後工作的方向和後端相關,那還是做吧。
本次實驗需要做一個GUI界面和一個連接查詢功能,在論壇上借鑒瞭其他大佬獲取網站內容的部分代碼,然後自己做瞭一個及其簡陋的swing界面,算是把這個實驗完成瞭。
本次實驗項目結構如下
--socketProject |--Client.java |--GUI.java |--SearchInfo.java |--Server.java |--ServerThread.java
Client.java
客戶端使用dis.readUTF()
時,要註意再發送個字符或者空字符,這裡發送end
,表示關閉連接。不然會出現EOFException
。
package socketProject; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class Client { String studentNum = null; String result = null; public void setStudentNum(String num) { this.studentNum = num; System.out.println("stu: " + studentNum); } public void run() throws IOException { Socket ss = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888); System.out.println("Socket: " + ss); try { DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(ss.getInputStream()); DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(ss.getOutputStream()); // the interaction dos.writeUTF(studentNum); // 向服務器發送學號 dos.flush(); result = dis.readUTF().toString(); // 獲得客戶端的json字符串 System.out.println(result); dos.writeUTF("end"); // 不加這句會報錯 dos.flush(); if (dos != null) dos.close(); if (dis != null) dis.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (ss != null) ss.close(); } } // gui界面用於獲取json結果 public String getResult() { return result; } }
Server.java
package socketProject; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class Server extends Thread { public static final int PORT = 8888; // public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { public void run() { try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(PORT)) { System.out.println("ServerSocket: " + serverSocket); try { while (true) { Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); System.out.println("Socket accept: " + socket); Thread thread = new Thread(new ServerThread(socket)); thread.start(); // 開啟一個線程,使之支持接收多個客戶端的請求 } } finally { serverSocket.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
ServerThread.java
package socketProject; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class ServerThread extends Thread { Socket socket = null; public ServerThread(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; } public void run() { try { DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream()); DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream()); while (true) { String str = dis.readUTF().toString(); String data = new SearchInfo().run(str); if (str.equals("end")) break; dos.writeUTF(data); } dos.close(); dis.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
SearchInfo.java
package socketProject; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class SearchInfo { public String run(String s) { String url = "your database interface"; String param = s; String sendGET = GetUrl(url, param); return sendGET; } public static String GetUrl(String url, String param) { String result = ""; // define the result str BufferedReader read = null; // define the access result try { URL realUrl = new URL(url + param); URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection(); connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*"); connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive"); connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)"); // 這裡補充通用的請求屬性 connection.connect(); // 建立實際的連接 read = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), "UTF-8")); String line; while ((line = read.readLine()) != null) { result += line; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (read != null) {// 關閉流 try { read.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return result; } public String getJSON(String param) { return param; } }
GUI.java
package socketProject; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.io.IOException; import javax.swing.*; public class GUI extends JFrame { private JButton connectDataBase; private JLabel entryStudentNum; private JTextField studentNum; private JButton sendRequest; private JLabel showResponseMsg; private JPanel northPanel; private JPanel southPanel; public GUI() { init(); } public void init() { setTitle("沒啥技術含量的東西"); // define the component for the window connectDataBase = new JButton("連接數據庫"); entryStudentNum = new JLabel("輸入學號"); studentNum = new JTextField(); sendRequest = new JButton("發送"); showResponseMsg = new JLabel(); // add the component to the panel this.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1)); northPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 4)); northPanel.add(connectDataBase); northPanel.add(entryStudentNum); northPanel.add(studentNum); northPanel.add(sendRequest); southPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 1)); southPanel.add(showResponseMsg); setButtons(); this.add(northPanel); this.add(southPanel); // initial the window setBounds(400, 200, 600, 120); setResizable(false); setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setVisible(true); } public void setButtons() { connectDataBase.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // 這裡初始化服務端 Server server1 = new Server(); Thread th1 = new Thread(server1); th1.start(); // 這裡一定要開啟服務端線程,否則在點擊此按鈕後,整個界面會卡住,無法進行下一步操作 } }); sendRequest.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { Client client1 = new Client(); client1.setStudentNum(studentNum.getText()); // 獲取文本框的文字,並賦給客戶端的studentNum保存 try { client1.run(); } catch (IOException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } showResponseMsg.setText(client1.getResult()); // 將得到的數據顯示在界面上 } }); } public static void main(String[] args) { new GUI(); } }
最終效果如下:
使用時,先點擊連接數據庫,然後根據學校提供的接口,輸入自己的學號,點擊發送,即可查詢個人信息。
不過由於項目工作區非maven以及未來方向非Java的緣故,沒有去深究如何提取json的值 (偷個懶)。
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