基於Hutool的圖片驗證碼功能模塊實現
簡介
Hutool是一個小而全的Java工具類庫，通過靜態方法封裝，降低相關API的學習成本，提高工作效率，使Java擁有函數式語言般的優雅，讓Java語言也可以“甜甜的”。
Hutool中的工具方法來自每個用戶的精雕細琢，它涵蓋瞭Java開發底層代碼中的方方面面，它既是大型項目開發中解決小問題的利器，也是小型項目中的效率擔當；
Hutool是項目中“util”包友好的替代，它節省瞭開發人員對項目中公用類和公用工具方法的封裝時間，使開發專註於業務，同時可以最大限度的避免封裝不完善帶來的bug。
Hutool名稱的由來
Hutool = Hu + tool，是原公司項目底層代碼剝離後的開源庫，“Hu”是公司名稱的表示，tool表示工具。Hutool諧音“糊塗”，一方面簡潔易懂，一方面寓意“難得糊塗”。
基於Hutool的圖片驗證碼功能模塊實現
1.背景
為瞭提高系統的安全性，防止接口被暴力刷新，驗證碼是個好的手段，圖片驗證碼沒有短信驗證碼的費用，其是個人開發者學習的重點。
2.方案設計
2.1 方案步驟
- 引入Hutool工具集
- 安裝Redis
- 接入Reids配置
2.2 Hutool工具類引入
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.8.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
</dependency>
2.3 安裝Redis
默認端口：6379 - 下載連接 https://github.com/tporadowski/redis/releases - 解壓 - 雙擊redis-server.exe啟動服務端 - 雙擊redis-cli.exe啟動客戶端連接服務端
2.4 接入Reids配置
在ClassPath（或者src/main/resources）的config目錄下下新建redis.setting
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Redis客戶端配置樣例 # 每一個分組代表一個Redis實例 # 無分組的Pool配置為所有分組的共用配置，如果分組自己定義Pool配置，則覆蓋共用配置 # 池配置來自於：https://www.cnblogs.com/jklk/p/7095067.html #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #----- 默認（公有）配置 # 地址，默認localhost host = localhost # 端口，默認6379 port = 6379 # 超時，默認2000 timeout = 2000 # 連接超時，默認timeout connectionTimeout = 2000 # 讀取超時，默認timeout soTimeout = 2000 # 密碼，默認無 # 如果提示密碼錯誤換成：Auth = password = # 數據庫序號，默認0 database = 0 # 客戶端名，默認"Hutool" clientName = Hutool # SSL連接，默認false ssl = false; #----- 自定義分組的連接 [custom] # 地址，默認localhost host = localhost # 連接耗盡時是否阻塞, false報異常,ture阻塞直到超時, 默認true BlockWhenExhausted = true; # 設置的逐出策略類名, 默認DefaultEvictionPolicy(當連接超過最大空閑時間,或連接數超過最大空閑連接數) evictionPolicyClassName = org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.DefaultEvictionPolicy # 是否啟用pool的jmx管理功能, 默認true jmxEnabled = true; # 是否啟用後進先出, 默認true lifo = true; # 最大空閑連接數, 默認8個 maxIdle = 8 # 最小空閑連接數, 默認0 minIdle = 0 # 最大連接數, 默認8個 maxTotal = 8 # 獲取連接時的最大等待毫秒數(如果設置為阻塞時BlockWhenExhausted),如果超時就拋異常, 小於零:阻塞不確定的時間, 默認-1 maxWaitMillis = -1 # 逐出連接的最小空閑時間 默認1800000毫秒(30分鐘) minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = 1800000 # 每次逐出檢查時 逐出的最大數目 如果為負數就是 : 1/abs(n), 默認3 numTestsPerEvictionRun = 3; # 對象空閑多久後逐出, 當空閑時間>該值 且 空閑連接>最大空閑數 時直接逐出,不再根據MinEvictableIdleTimeMillis判斷 (默認逐出策略) SoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis = 1800000 # 在獲取連接的時候檢查有效性, 默認false testOnBorrow = false # 在空閑時檢查有效性, 默認false testWhileIdle = false # 逐出掃描的時間間隔(毫秒) 如果為負數,則不運行逐出線程, 默認-1 timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = -1
2.5 方案交互圖
client server redis uuid generate: Image code JSON)(code, time) setnx(uid, JSON) save result send result opt [send option] uid + code get uid JSON(code, time) check code true? check result opt [check option] client server redis
3.模塊編寫
VerificationImageCodeService.java
package com.example.basePro.sevice;
import com.example.basePro.bean.dto.Result;
import com.example.basePro.bean.model.ImageCode;
/**
* @Author:
* @Date: 2022/10/16
* @Description:
*/
public interface VerificationImageCodeService {
/**
* 生成圖片驗證碼對應的編碼
* @param uuid 用戶id
* @return 圖片的base64編碼
*/
String generateImageCode(String uuid);
/**
* 驗證圖片驗證碼內容
* @param uuid 用戶id
* @param code 驗證碼內容
* @return 驗證結果
*/
Result<String> chechImageCode(String uuid, String code) throws Exception;
}
package com.example.basePro.sevice.Impl;
import cn.hutool.captcha.CaptchaUtil;
import cn.hutool.captcha.LineCaptcha;
import cn.hutool.db.nosql.redis.RedisDS;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.example.basePro.bean.dto.Result;
import com.example.basePro.bean.model.ImageCode;
import com.example.basePro.sevice.VerificationImageCodeService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
/**
* @Author:
* @Date: 2022/10/16
* @Description:
*/
@Slf4j
@Service
public class VerificationImageCodeServiceImpl implements VerificationImageCodeService {
/**
* 驗證碼失效時間
*/
@Value("${constants.expire.second: 600}")
private Long expireSecond;
@Override
public String generateImageCode(String uuid) {
String key = uuid;
Jedis jedis = RedisDS.create().getJedis();
LineCaptcha lineCaptcha = CaptchaUtil.createLineCaptcha(100, 50);
log.info("image code is {}", lineCaptcha.getCode());
jedis.del(key);
// 存入緩存
ImageCode imageCode = ImageCode.builder()
.code(lineCaptcha.getCode())
.createTime(System.currentTimeMillis())
.build();
jedis.setex(key, expireSecond, JSONUtil.toJsonStr(imageCode));
// 瀏覽器中輸入 data:image/png;base64, + base64， 即可顯示圖片
return lineCaptcha.getImageBase64();
}
@Override
public Result<String> chechImageCode(String uuid, String code) throws Exception {
String key = uuid;
Jedis jedis = RedisDS.create().getJedis();
// 獲取緩存中數據
String cache = jedis.get(key);
ImageCode imageCode = JSONUtil.toBean(cache, ImageCode.class);
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(cache)){
throw new Exception("驗證碼已過期");
}
// 驗證碼不匹配
if(!code.equals(imageCode.getCode())){
throw new Exception("驗證碼錯誤");
}
jedis.del(key);
return Result.success("驗證成功");
}
}
4.接口測試
訪問獲取圖片驗證碼接口：
http://localhost:8080/captcha/getcode?uuid=123456
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
在瀏覽器中輸入：
data:image/png;base64,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
訪問驗證接口：
http://localhost:8080/captcha/check?uuid=123456&code=****
5.參考文獻
Redis客戶端封裝-RedisDS
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