MySQL主從復制搭建流程分步實現
主從復制
主從也叫做(AB復制),允許一個服務器從一個服務器數據庫(主服務器)的數據復制到一個或者多個MySQL數據庫服務器。
主從復制的優點有很多,包括橫向擴展解決方案,數據安全性,數據分析,遠程數據分發。
主從搭建
作為主服務器的服務器開啟二進制日志(binlog);
下面我們來搭建主從復制的,采用3個節點來嘗試;
節點角色 | 主機名 | Ip地址 | server-id |
---|---|---|---|
master | master | 192.168.246.132 | 1 |
slave | salve | 192.168.246.134 | 2 |
slave2 | salve2 | 192.168.246.136 | 3 |
首先需要在etc/hosts中添加IP地址和主機名之間的映射關系,啟動節點的數據庫,然後可以查看他們的server-id
show variables like 'server_id'; # 創建主從復制的賬號 create user 'rep1'@'192.168.246.%' identified by '123456'; grant replication slave on * .* to 'rep1'@'192.168.246.%'; flush privileges;
創建管理賬號
create user 'myadmin'@'192.168.246.%' identified by '123456'; grant all privileges on *.* to 'myadmin'@'192.168.246.%'; flush privileges;
在所有的節點上都啟用GTID
set @@GLOBAL.ENFORCE_GTID_CONSISTENCY = WARN; set global ENFORCE_GTID_CONSISTENCY = ON; set global GTID_MODE = OFF_PERMISSIVE; set global GTID_MODE = ON_PERMISSIVE; set global GTID_MODE = ON;
GTID全稱為Global Transaction Identifier, 即全局事務標識符。用於在binlog中標識唯一的事務,當MySQL Server在寫binlog的時候,會寫一個特殊的binlog Event,指定下一個事務的GTID。
配置主從復制的命令
註意,需要在所有的從節點都配置
change master to master_host='192.168.246.132',master_user='rep1',master_password='123456',master_auto_position=1;
在所有的從節點中開啟主從復制
start salve;
然後在從節點上查看主從復制的狀態,出現下面的就算成功瞭。
show slave status \G;
show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.246.132
Master_User: rep1
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-binlog.000008
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 157
Relay_Log_File: salve-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 379
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-binlog.000008
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 157
Relay_Log_Space: 589
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 71341b64-4450-11ed-90f4-000c29f2a7f4
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
Master_public_key_path:
Get_master_public_key: 0
Network_Namespace:
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)ERROR:
No query specified
測試
我們現在主節點上創建一張表並且插入一些數據,來查看從節點是否有同步數據;
create database demo2; use demo2; create table test1 (tid int); insert into test1 values(123);
這個時候我們去從節點上進行查詢,這個時候我們可以看到數據已經同步過來瞭。
我們還可以到我們設置的data目錄下面查看binlog,
再到數據庫裡面查看,就可以查看具體的binlog信息瞭。
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-binlog.000008';
+———————+—–+—————-+———–+————-+——————————————————————-+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+———————+—–+—————-+———–+————-+——————————————————————-+
| mysql-binlog.000008 | 4 | Format_desc | 2 | 126 | Server ver: 8.0.30, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mysql-binlog.000008 | 126 | Previous_gtids | 2 | 157 | |
| mysql-binlog.000008 | 157 | Gtid | 1 | 241 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '71341b64-4450-11ed-90f4-000c29f2a7f4:1' |
| mysql-binlog.000008 | 241 | Query | 1 | 352 | create database demo2 /* xid=51 */ |
| mysql-binlog.000008 | 352 | Gtid | 1 | 436 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '71341b64-4450-11ed-90f4-000c29f2a7f4:2' |
| mysql-binlog.000008 | 436 | Query | 1 | 554 | use `demo2`; create table test1 (tid int) /* xid=64 */ |
| mysql-binlog.000008 | 554 | Gtid | 1 | 640 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '71341b64-4450-11ed-90f4-000c29f2a7f4:3' |
| mysql-binlog.000008 | 640 | Query | 1 | 711 | BEGIN |
| mysql-binlog.000008 | 711 | Table_map | 1 | 763 | table_id: 94 (demo2.test1) |
| mysql-binlog.000008 | 763 | Write_rows | 1 | 803 | table_id: 94 flags: STMT_END_F |
| mysql-binlog.000008 | 803 | Xid | 1 | 834 | COMMIT /* xid=66 */ |
+———————+—–+—————-+———–+————-+——————————————————————-+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
總結
上述就是搭建主從復制的搭建過程,相信大傢跟著教程一步步搭建起來應該也可以成功
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