Kotlin Navigation可視化開發詳解

前言

其實小編之前一直都是用的Java來開發Android,但是工作需求,開始瞭Kotlin的編程,接觸到瞭JetPack,發現其中的Navigation特別有意思,今天來給大傢分享一下,我們做一個四個頁面吧,從APP的 歡迎頁面——>新手引導頁面——>註冊登錄頁面——>APP主頁面,我來帶大傢入門,希望大傢不要嫌棄

Navigation的優勢

站在Fragment角度:不用把Fragment添加到集合裡面去操作瞭,也不用去操作SupportFragmentManager瞭

站在Activity角度:可以減少大量的Activity,增加Fragment的使用,畢竟Fragment有更加詳細的生命周期,更好的傳遞信息

站在開發者角度:Navigation的可視化導航圖非常優美,導航路徑清晰可見,讓開發人員更方便的開發

Navigation開發流程

一.註入依賴

    // Kotlin Navigation
    implementation("androidx.navigation:navigation-fragment-ktx:2.5.1")
    implementation("androidx.navigation:navigation-ui-ktx:2.5.1")

二.創建Fragment和XML視圖

在app/java/com.example.項目名目錄下先創建一個Fragment文件夾,在文件夾中創建4個Fragment,分別為 WelcomeFragment(歡迎頁面),NoviceGuidePageFragment(新手引導頁面),RegistrationLandingPageFragment(註冊登錄頁面),MainFragment(APP主頁面),具體如下圖所示:

在app/res/layout文件夾下創建4個XML,分別為fragment_welcome.xml,fragment_novice_guide_page.xml,fragment_registration_landing_page.xml,fragment_main.xml,具體如下圖所示:

WelcomeFragment.kt:

package com.example.siyi2.fragment
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import com.example.siyi2.R
class WelcomeFragment : Fragment() {
    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_welcome, container, false)
        return view
    }
}

fragment_welcome.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/to_fragment_novice_guide"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="歡迎頁面"
        android:textSize="30dp"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:gravity="center"/>
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

NoviceGuidePageFragment.kt:

package com.example.siyi2.fragment
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import androidx.navigation.Navigation
import com.example.siyi2.R
class NoviceGuidePageFragment : Fragment() {
    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_novice_guide_page, container, false)
        return view
    }
}

fragment_novice_guide_page.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/to_fragment_registration_landing_page"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="新手引導頁面"
        android:textSize="30dp"
        android:textColor="#F18C8C"
        android:gravity="center"/>
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

RegistrationLandingPageFragment.kt:

package com.example.siyi2.fragment
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import androidx.navigation.Navigation
import com.example.siyi2.R
class RegistrationLandingPageFragment :Fragment(){
    override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_registration_landing_page,container,false)
        return view
    }
}

fragment_registration_landing_page.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/to_fragment_main"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="登錄註冊頁面"
        android:textSize="30dp"
        android:textColor="#DC0404"
        android:gravity="center"/>
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

MainFragment.kt:

package com.example.siyi2.fragment
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import androidx.navigation.Navigation
import com.example.siyi2.R
class MainFragment :Fragment(){
    override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main,container,false)
        return view
    }
}

fragment_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/main_fragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="APP主頁面"
        android:textSize="30dp"
        android:textColor="@color/teal_200"
        android:gravity="center"/>
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

三.建立Navigation導航圖並關聯

1. 建立導航圖

在app/res目錄下新建一個文件夾取名navigation,在navigation文件夾下新建nav_graph.xml,如下圖所示

提醒大傢一下,我們開發過程中,大傢的這個文件夾的名字和XML的名字大傢盡量去一些見名知義的名字,方便開發人員和後續維護

nav_graph.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<navigation xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/nav_graph"
    app:startDestination="@id/fragment_welcome">
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragment_welcome"
        android:name="com.example.siyi2.fragment.WelcomeFragment"
        android:label="WelcomeFragment" >
        <action
            android:id="@+id/action_fragment_welcome_to_fragment_noviceGuide"
            app:destination="@id/fragment_noviceGuide"
            />
    </fragment>
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragment_noviceGuide"
        android:name="com.example.siyi2.fragment.NoviceGuidePageFragment"
        android:label="NoviceGuideFragment" >
        <action
            android:id="@+id/fragment_noviceGuide_to_fragment_registarationLandingpage"
            app:destination="@+id/fragment_registrationLandingPage" />
    </fragment>
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragment_registrationLandingPage"
        android:name="com.example.siyi2.fragment.RegistrationLandingPageFragment"
        android:label="RegistrationLandingPageFragment" >
        <action
            android:id="@+id/fragment_registrationLandingPage_to_fragment_main"
            app:destination="@+id/fragment_main" />
    </fragment>
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragment_main"
        android:name="com.example.siyi2.fragment.MainFragment"
        android:label="MainFragment" >
    </fragment>
</navigation>

navigation是根標簽,通過startDestinationlai配置默認啟動時的第一個頁面,小編這裡配置的第一個fragment_welcome,我們也可以在代碼中動態修改啟動時的第一個Fragment,也可以在可視化面板中去修改

fragment標簽就代表著這是一個Fragment

name指的是Fragment在項目中的路徑

action標簽定義瞭頁面跳轉的行為,也就是Navigation導航圖的每一條線

destination定義跳轉的Fragment目標,還可以加入跳轉時的動畫

Navigation首先要有起始頁面,叫startDestination,處於棧底,是啟動時的第一個頁面,也是返回可見的最後一個頁面。多個destination連接起來就構成瞭一個Navigation導航圖,類似於一種棧結構,頁面先進後出。destination之間的連接叫做action。

Navigation導航圖如下圖所示:

大傢可以看到,這樣的可視化頁面流程導航圖非常好看,對吧,這也是Google官方推薦大傢使用的,便於開發和維護

2. 為Navigation導航綁定在Activity上

我們的navigation導航圖也必須依賴於一個Activity上

MainActivity.kt:

package com.example.siyi2
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
    }
}

activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/nav_host_fragment"
        app:defaultNavHost="true"
        app:navGraph="@navigation/nav_graph"
        android:name="androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

3. 為Navigation導航頁面添加跳轉事件

WelcomeFragment.kt:

package com.example.siyi2.fragment
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import androidx.navigation.Navigation
import com.example.siyi2.R
    class WelcomeFragment : Fragment() {
    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_welcome, container, false)
        view.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.to_fragment_novice_guide)
            .setOnClickListener {
                Navigation.findNavController(view)
                    .navigate(R.id.action_fragment_welcome_to_fragment_noviceGuide)
            }
        return view
    }
}

NoviceGuidePageFragment.kt:

package com.example.siyi2.fragment
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import androidx.navigation.Navigation
import com.example.siyi2.R
class NoviceGuidePageFragment : Fragment() {
    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_novice_guide_page, container, false)
        view.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.to_fragment_registration_landing_page)
            .setOnClickListener {
                Navigation.findNavController(view)
                    .navigate(R.id.fragment_noviceGuide_to_fragment_registarationLandingpage)
            }
        return view
    }
}

RegistrationLandingPageFragment.kt:

package com.example.siyi2.fragment
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import androidx.navigation.Navigation
import com.example.siyi2.R
class RegistrationLandingPageFragment :Fragment(){
    override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_registration_landing_page,container,false)
        view.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.to_fragment_main)
            .setOnClickListener {
                Navigation.findNavController(view)
                    .navigate(R.id.fragment_registrationLandingPage_to_fragment_main)
            }
        return view
    }
}

MainFragment.kt:

package com.example.siyi2.fragment
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import androidx.navigation.Navigation
import com.example.siyi2.R
class MainFragment :Fragment(){
    override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main,container,false)
        return view
    }
}

到此為止,我們就萬事俱備,隻欠東風瞭,直接運行,上效果圖

四.Navigation效果演示

Navigation開發

視頻鏈接

到此這篇關於Kotlin Navigation可視化開發詳解的文章就介紹到這瞭,更多相關Kotlin Navigation 內容請搜索WalkonNet以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大傢以後多多支持WalkonNet!

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