手動構建自己的docker容器鏡像實戰

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前言

之前的實戰中，我們實戰中，我們使用的鏡像都是鏡像倉庫已有的鏡像。 已有的鏡像都是別人已經開發好上傳的。今天我們一起來看看如何構建自己的鏡像並上傳到鏡像倉庫中。

一. 設置docker構建鏡像的環境

  • 使用docker commit命令進行鏡像的構建

1.1 commit 命令的介紹

我們執行 docker help commit來查看：

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker help commit

Usage:  docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

Create a new image from a container's changes

Aliases:
  docker container commit, docker commit

Options:
  -a, --author string    Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <[email protected]>")
  -c, --change list      Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
  -m, --message string   Commit message
  -p, --pause            Pause container during commit (default true)
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

1.2 創建一個tomcat容器

  • 拉取Tomcat的鏡像
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker pull tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
0e29546d541c: Pull complete 
9b829c73b52b: Pull complete 
cb5b7ae36172: Pull complete 
6494e4811622: Pull complete 
668f6fcc5fa5: Pull complete 
dc120c3e0290: Pull complete 
8f7c0eebb7b1: Pull complete 
77b694f83996: Pull complete 
0f611256ec3a: Pull complete 
4f25def12f23: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:9dee185c3b161cdfede1f5e35e8b56ebc9de88ed3a79526939701f3537a52324
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest
docker.io/library/tomcat:latest
[root@mufeng63 ~]#
  • 基於Tomcat的鏡像創建容器
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker run  --name mytomcat -d -p 8080:8080 tomcat
1f5bd6dcca0a614ec047bf3882e3fe2e4cdb17b7f343d7834145b17d1fc3c3c3
[root@mufeng63 ~]#
  • 在Tomcat中部署一個簡單的頁面

 如果不創建頁面，直接訪問Tomcat是會報錯的，所以這裡需要手動創建一個web測試頁面：

//查看正在運行的容器
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                       NAMES
1f5bd6dcca0a   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   53 seconds ago   Up 52 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp   mytomcat

// 登錄Tomcat容器
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker exec -it 1f5bd6dcca0a /bin/bash

root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt	 LICENSE  README.md	 RUNNING.txt  conf  logs	    temp     webapps.dist
CONTRIBUTING.md  NOTICE   RELEASE-NOTES  bin	      lib   native-jni-lib  webapps  work

// 創建web測試目錄
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat# mkdir webapps/mufeng_demo
//創建index.html
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat# echo "<h1>This is mufenggrow </>" > webapps/mufeng_demo/index.html
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat#
  • 瀏覽器訪問測試：
    使用ip+端口號/mufeng_demo/index.html進行訪問：

二. 開始構建自己的鏡像

2.1 查看容器的ID

先要確定自己要基於哪個容器生成鏡像， 這裡我們用Tomcat的容器來構建：

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                       NAMES
1f5bd6dcca0a   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   19 minutes ago   Up 19 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp   mytomcat
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

可以確定該容器的ID是1f5bd6dcca0a

2.2 使用命令docker commit 生成該容器的鏡像，並保存在本地

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker commit 1f5bd6dcca0a mufeng_tomcat
sha256:3dbdf1f915ac9cc3210fb0e77d9f5d93f24064ac604cf12d24f602693396eed3
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mufeng_tomcat   latest    3dbdf1f915ac   9 seconds ago   680MB
tomcat          latest    fb5657adc892   15 months ago   680MB
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

執行完成後，看到多瞭一個mufeng_tomcat 的鏡像。

三. 上傳鏡像到鏡像倉庫

3.1 登錄docker hub

docker hub的官網地址： https://hub.docker.com/

  • 註冊：

  • 創建存儲庫

 你可以手動創建存儲庫，當然也可以不創建，我們這裡默認是不創建的，上傳的時候直接用mufenggrow/ 即可

3.2 創建鏡像

如果要上傳到鏡像倉庫中，需要在鏡像名稱前加上倉庫的路徑信息：

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker commit 1f5bd6dcca0a mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
sha256:dc9420341e4bd06cdd7dc5881220481c9dbe8faf4d548356c6dbab265a36416b
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                 TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat   latest    dc9420341e4b   5 seconds ago    680MB
mufeng_tomcat              latest    3dbdf1f915ac   16 minutes ago   680MB
tomcat                     latest    fb5657adc892   15 months ago    680MB

3.3 上傳到鏡像倉庫

  • 使用docker login 登錄
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: mufenggrow
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded
[root@mufeng63 ~]#
  • 開始上傳
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker push mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
Using default tag: latest
The push refers to repository [docker.io/mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat]
66f50273e519: Pushed 
3e2ed6847c7a: Mounted from library/tomcat 
bd2befca2f7e: Mounted from library/tomcat 
59c516e5b6fa: Mounted from library/tomcat 
3bb5258f46d2: Mounted from library/tomcat 
832e177bb500: Mounted from library/tomcat 
f9e18e59a565: Mounted from library/tomcat 
26a504e63be4: Mounted from library/tomcat 
8bf42db0de72: Mounted from library/tomcat 
31892cc314cb: Mounted from library/tomcat 
11936051f93b: Mounted from library/tomcat 
latest: digest: sha256:4a696362a8586173d7f0f9b12eef1354060d10746796e59519ed083fe0acd5f8 size: 2630
[root@mufeng63 ~]#
  •  到網頁端查看

  • 下載測試

 先刪除系統中已經有的包：

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker rmi mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest 
Untagged: mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
Untagged: mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat@sha256:4a696362a8586173d7f0f9b12eef1354060d10746796e59519ed083fe0acd5f8
Deleted: sha256:dc9420341e4bd06cdd7dc5881220481c9dbe8faf4d548356c6dbab265a36416b
Deleted: sha256:6d5bd3130a0c60a6075e5856fa11c8acfdab7a2252360a6fbeabdef1f83fc526
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker rmi mufeng_tomcat
Untagged: mufeng_tomcat:latest
Deleted: sha256:3dbdf1f915ac9cc3210fb0e77d9f5d93f24064ac604cf12d24f602693396eed3
Deleted: sha256:ea120c9388c452a6f215f1761b5981e40370e74b68d1886237e0931ce33a45f3
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
tomcat       latest    fb5657adc892   15 months ago   680MB
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

下載鏡像包

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker search mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
NAME                       DESCRIPTION   STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat                 0                    
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker pull mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
0e29546d541c: Already exists 
9b829c73b52b: Already exists 
cb5b7ae36172: Already exists 
6494e4811622: Already exists 
668f6fcc5fa5: Already exists 
dc120c3e0290: Already exists 
8f7c0eebb7b1: Already exists 
77b694f83996: Already exists 
0f611256ec3a: Already exists 
4f25def12f23: Already exists 
5a8cdbad1b10: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:4a696362a8586173d7f0f9b12eef1354060d10746796e59519ed083fe0acd5f8
Status: Downloaded newer image for mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
docker.io/mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                 TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat   latest    dc9420341e4b   24 minutes ago   680MB
tomcat                     latest    fb5657adc892   15 months ago    680MB
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

可以看到，我們自己構建的鏡像，已經可以下載瞭。

以上就是手動構建自己的docker容器鏡像實戰的詳細內容，更多關於構建docker容器鏡像的資料請關註WalkonNet其它相關文章！

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