Postgresql 查詢表引用或被引用的外鍵操作

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今天更新兩個SQL。是用來查詢PG中，主表被子表引用的外鍵，或子表引用瞭哪個主表的主鍵。

廢話不多說，直接上實驗！

CentOS 7 + PG 10

創建兩個實驗表，test01為主表，test02為子表，test02引用test01中的id列。

test=# create table test01(
test(# id int primary key,
test(# col1 varchar(20)
test(# );
CREATE TABLE
 
test=# create table test02(
test(# id int primary key,
test(# test01_id int references test01(id),
test(# col1 varchar(20)
test(# );
CREATE TABLE

插入數據

test=# insert into test01 values (1, 'a');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into test01 values (2, 'b');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into test01 values (3, 'c');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into test02 values (1, 1, 'a');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into test02 values (2, 1, 'a');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into test02 values (3, 1, 'a');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into test02 values (4, 2, 'b');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into test02 values (5, 2, 'b');
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into test02 values (6, 11, 'b');
ERROR: insert or update on table "test02" violates foreign key constraint "test02_test01_id_fkey"
DETAIL: Key (test01_id)=(11) is not present in table "test01".

查詢主表被哪個子表引用。如果結果為空，說明沒有任何子表引用的該表。

test=# SELECT
tc.constraint_name,
tc.table_name, # 子表
kcu.column_name,
ccu.table_name AS foreign_table_name, # 主表
ccu.column_name AS foreign_column_name,
tc.is_deferrable,
tc.initially_deferred
FROM
information_schema.table_constraints AS tc
JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage AS kcu ON tc.constraint_name = kcu.constraint_name
JOIN information_schema.constraint_column_usage AS ccu ON ccu.constraint_name = tc.constraint_name
where constraint_type = 'FOREIGN KEY' AND ccu.table_name='test01'; # 輸入主表
constraint_name | table_name | column_name | foreign_table_name | foreign_column_name | is_deferrable | initially_deferred
-----------------------+------------+-------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------+--------------------
test02_test01_id_fkey | test02 | test01_id | test01 | id | NO | NO
(1 row)

查詢子表引用的哪個主表。如果結果為空，說明沒有任何引用主表。

test=# SELECT
tc.constraint_name,
tc.table_name, # 子表
kcu.column_name,
ccu.table_name AS foreign_table_name,
ccu.column_name AS foreign_column_name, # 主表
tc.is_deferrable,
tc.initially_deferred
FROM
information_schema.table_constraints AS tc
JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage AS kcu ON tc.constraint_name = kcu.constraint_name
JOIN information_schema.constraint_column_usage AS ccu ON ccu.constraint_name = tc.constraint_name
WHERE constraint_type = 'FOREIGN KEY' AND tc.table_name='test02'; # 輸入子表
constraint_name | table_name | column_name | foreign_table_name | foreign_column_name | is_deferrable | initially_deferred
-----------------------+------------+-------------+--------------------+---------------------+---------------+--------------------
test02_test01_id_fkey | test02 | test01_id | test01 | id | NO | NO
(1 row)

補充：PostgreSQL 外鍵引用查詢

根據一個表名，查詢所有外鍵引用它的表，以及那些外鍵的列名

key_column_usage（系統列信息表），

pg_constraint（系統所有約束表）

SELECT x.table_name,
    x.column_name
 FROM information_schema.key_column_usage x
 INNER JOIN (SELECT t.relname, 
            a.conname 
         FROM pg_constraint a 
         INNER JOIN pg_class ft
             ON ft.oid = a.confrelid 
         INNER JOIN pg_class t 
             ON t.oid = a.conrelid
        WHERE a.contype = 'f' 
         AND a.confrelid =
            (select e.oid 
             from pg_class e
             where e.relname = 'xxx_table')
        ) tp 
     ON (x.table_name = tp.relname AND
       x.constraint_name = tp.conname)

示例：

以上為個人經驗，希望能給大傢一個參考，也希望大傢多多支持WalkonNet。如有錯誤或未考慮完全的地方，望不吝賜教。

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