IDEA中的HTTP Client使用教程
介紹
IDEA RESTful WebServices是一個類似jmeter,postman的工具。可以使用純文本編輯。
官網介紹地址:https://www.jetbrains.com/help/idea/restful-webservices.html
該工具是idea的一個組件,在Tools->Http client
下;當然goland也是相同;低版本是Test Restful WebService
,新版本的idea已經提示改功能廢棄,建議使用new HTTP Client
也就是我們此教程要介紹的工具;
示例:
創建demo1.http
文件
GET https://www.baidu.com
###
點擊右側運行即可查看到結果
HTTP請求中使用變量
要在請求中提供變量,請將其括在雙花括號中,如 {{variable}} 。變量名稱隻能包含字母,數字,下 劃線符號 _ 或連字符 – 。
預定義的動態變量
每次您運行請求時,動態變量都會生成一個值: $uuid :生成通用的唯一標識符(UUID-v4) $timestamp :生成當前的UNIX時間戳 $randomInt :生成介於0到1000之間的隨機整數。
GET http://localhost/api/get?id={{$uuid}}
創建環境變量
在項目內部,創建以下文件:
- 在rest-client.env.json(或http-client.env.json)是包含常見的變量,其目的是要與你的項目一起 分發的常規文件。
- 在rest-client.private.env.json(或http-client.private.env.json)是一個 私人 的文件可能包括密 碼,令牌,證書和其他敏感信息。默認情況下,此文件被添加到VCS忽略文件列表中。在httpclient.private.env.json文件中指定的變量的值將覆蓋環境文件中的值。
{ "dev": { "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80", "name": "zhangsan" }, "prod": { "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80", "name":"lisi" } }
調用示例
GET http://{{host}}/api/get?name={{name}}
腳本設置環境變量
//設置環境變量 > {% client.global.set("token", response.body.token); %}
腳本檢測
可以對返回值進行打印,斷言;
# 登陸 POST http://{{host}}/system/login Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded username=admin&password=123456 > {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body)); client.test("Request executed successfully", function() { client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200"); }); client.test("Response content-type is json", function() { var type = response.contentType.mimeType; client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'"); }); client.test("Request code success", function() { client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "Response code is not 0"); client.global.set("token", response.body.data); }); %} ###
類型介紹
- client
client.global
- set(varName, varValue) // 設置全局變量
- get(varName) // 獲取全局變量
- isEmpty // 檢查 global 是否為空
- clear(varName) // 刪除變量
- clearAll // 刪除所有變量
- client.test(testName, func) // 創建一個名稱為 testName 的測試
- client.assert(condition, message) // 校驗條件 condition 是否成立,否則拋出異常 message
- client.log(text) // 打印日志
- response
- response.body // 字符串 或 JSON (如果 content-type 為 application/json .)
- response.headers
valueOf(headerName) // 返回第一個匹配 headerName 的值,如果沒有匹配的返回 null
valuesOf(headerName) // 返回所有匹配 headerName 的值的數組,如果沒有匹配的返回空數組
- response.status // Http 狀態碼,如: 200 / 400
- response.contentType
mimeType // 返回 MIME 類型,如: text/plain , text/xml , application/json .
charset // 返回編碼 UTF-8 等
示例test.http
### # GET請求 GET http://{{host}}/api/get?name={{name}} ### # POST請求 POST http://{{host}}/api/post/kv Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded name=zhangsan&age=11 ### # POST請求 POST http://{{host}}/api/post/json Content-Type: application/json referer: https://goframe.org/ cookie: name=zhangsan; age=11 {"name":"zhangsan","age":11} ###
test2.http
### # 未登錄 POST http://{{host}}/system/user/info > {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body)); client.test("Request executed successfully", function() { client.assert(response.status === 404, "Response status is not 200"); }); client.test("Response content-type is json", function() { var type = response.contentType.mimeType; client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'"); }); client.test("Request code fail", function() { client.assert(response.body.code === -1, "Response code is not -1"); }); %} ### # 登陸 POST http://{{host}}/system/login Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded username=admin&password=123456 > {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body)); client.test("Request executed successfully", function() { client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200"); }); client.test("Response content-type is json", function() { var type = response.contentType.mimeType; client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'"); }); client.test("Request code success", function() { client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "Response code is not 0"); client.global.set("token", response.body.data); }); %} ### # 登陸後訪問用戶信息 POST http://{{host}}/system/user/info token: {{token}} > {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body)); client.test("Request executed successfully", function() { client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200"); }); client.test("Response content-type is json", function() { var type = response.contentType.mimeType; client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'"); }); client.test("Request code success", function() { client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "Response code is not 0"); }); %} ### # 登陸後訪問用戶年齡 POST http://{{host}}/system/user/age token: {{token}} > {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body)); client.test("Request executed successfully", function() { client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200"); }); client.test("Response content-type is json", function() { var type = response.contentType.mimeType; client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'"); }); client.test("Request code success", function() { client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "Response code is not 0"); }); %} ###
http-client.env.json
{ "dev": { "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80", "name": "zhangsan" }, "prod": { "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80", "name":"lisi" } }
main.go
package main import ( "github.com/gogf/gf/frame/g" "github.com/gogf/gf/net/ghttp" "github.com/gogf/gf/util/guuid" ) var token string func main() { s := g.Server() group := s.Group("/api") // 默認路徑 // GET帶參數 group.GET("/get", func(r *ghttp.Request) { r.Response.Writeln("Hello World!") r.Response.Writeln("name:", r.GetString("name")) }) // POST KV group.POST("/post/kv", func(r *ghttp.Request) { r.Response.Writeln("func:test") r.Response.Writeln("name:", r.GetString("name")) r.Response.Writeln("age:", r.GetInt("age")) }) // POST JSON group.POST("/post/json", func(r *ghttp.Request) { r.Response.Writeln("func:test2") r.Response.Writeln("name:", r.GetString("name")) r.Response.Writeln("age:", r.GetString("age")) h := r.Header r.Response.Writeln("referer:", h.Get("referer")) r.Response.Writeln("cookie:", h.Get("cookie")) r.Response.Writeln(r.Cookie.Map()) }) // 模擬登陸 system := s.Group("/system") // 登陸接口 system.POST("/login", func(r *ghttp.Request) { if "admin" == r.GetString("username") && "123456" == r.GetString("password") { token = guuid.New().String() r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{ "code": 0, "data": token, }) r.Exit() } r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{ "code": -1, "data": "", }) }) // 獲取用戶信息 system.POST("/user/info", func(r *ghttp.Request) { if token != r.Header.Get("token") || token == "" { r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{ "code": -1, "data": "", }) r.Exit() } // 返回用戶信息 r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{ "code": 0, "data": "zhangsan", }) }) // 獲取用戶年齡 system.POST("/user/age", func(r *ghttp.Request) { if token != r.Header.Get("token") || token == "" { r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{ "code": -1, "data": "", }) r.Exit() } // 返回用戶信息 r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{ "code": 0, "data": 11, }) }) s.SetPort(80) s.Run() }
代碼地址
github:https://github.com/goflyfox/tools
gitee:https://gitee.com/goflyfox/tools
教程視頻
bilibili教程地址:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12V411f7ab/
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