IDEA中的HTTP Client使用教程

介紹

IDEA RESTful WebServices是一個類似jmeter,postman的工具。可以使用純文本編輯。

官網介紹地址:https://www.jetbrains.com/help/idea/restful-webservices.html

該工具是idea的一個組件,在Tools->Http client下;當然goland也是相同;低版本是Test Restful WebService,新版本的idea已經提示改功能廢棄,建議使用new HTTP Client也就是我們此教程要介紹的工具;

示例:

創建demo1.http文件

GET https://www.baidu.com

###

點擊右側運行即可查看到結果

HTTP請求中使用變量

要在請求中提供變量,請將其括在雙花括號中,如 {{variable}} 。變量名稱隻能包含字母,數字,下 劃線符號 _ 或連字符 – 。

預定義的動態變量

每次您運行請求時,動態變量都會生成一個值: $uuid :生成通用的唯一標識符(UUID-v4) $timestamp :生成當前的UNIX時間戳 $randomInt :生成介於0到1000之間的隨機整數。

GET http://localhost/api/get?id={{$uuid}}

創建環境變量

在項目內部,創建以下文件:

  • 在rest-client.env.json(或http-client.env.json)是包含常見的變量,其目的是要與你的項目一起 分發的常規文件。
  • 在rest-client.private.env.json(或http-client.private.env.json)是一個 私人 的文件可能包括密 碼,令牌,證書和其他敏感信息。默認情況下,此文件被添加到VCS忽略文件列表中。在httpclient.private.env.json文件中指定的變量的值將覆蓋環境文件中的值。
{
 "dev": {
 "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80",
 "name": "zhangsan"
 },
 "prod": {
 "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80",
 "name":"lisi"
 }
}

調用示例

GET http://{{host}}/api/get?name={{name}}

腳本設置環境變量

//設置環境變量
> {%
client.global.set("token", response.body.token);
%}

腳本檢測

可以對返回值進行打印,斷言;

# 登陸
POST http://{{host}}/system/login
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

username=admin&password=123456

> {%
 client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));
	client.test("Request executed successfully", function() {
		client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200");
	});
	client.test("Response content-type is json", function() {
		var type = response.contentType.mimeType;
		client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'");
	});
	client.test("Request code success", function() {
		client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "Response code is not 0");
		client.global.set("token", response.body.data);
	});
%}

###

類型介紹

  • client

client.global

  • set(varName, varValue) // 設置全局變量
  • get(varName) // 獲取全局變量
  • isEmpty // 檢查 global 是否為空
  • clear(varName) // 刪除變量
  • clearAll // 刪除所有變量
  • client.test(testName, func) // 創建一個名稱為 testName 的測試
  • client.assert(condition, message) // 校驗條件 condition 是否成立,否則拋出異常 message
  • client.log(text) // 打印日志
  • response
  • response.body // 字符串 或 JSON (如果 content-type 為 application/json .)
  • response.headers

valueOf(headerName) // 返回第一個匹配 headerName 的值,如果沒有匹配的返回 null
valuesOf(headerName) // 返回所有匹配 headerName 的值的數組,如果沒有匹配的返回空數組

  • response.status // Http 狀態碼,如: 200 / 400
  • response.contentType

mimeType // 返回 MIME 類型,如: text/plain , text/xml , application/json .
charset // 返回編碼 UTF-8 等

示例test.http

###
# GET請求
GET http://{{host}}/api/get?name={{name}}

###

# POST請求
POST http://{{host}}/api/post/kv
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

name=zhangsan&age=11
###

# POST請求
POST http://{{host}}/api/post/json
Content-Type: application/json
referer: https://goframe.org/
cookie: name=zhangsan; age=11

{"name":"zhangsan","age":11}
###

test2.http

###
# 未登錄
POST http://{{host}}/system/user/info

> {%
 client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));
	client.test("Request executed successfully", function() {
		client.assert(response.status === 404, "Response status is not 200");
	});
	client.test("Response content-type is json", function() {
		var type = response.contentType.mimeType;
		client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'");
	});
	client.test("Request code fail", function() {
		client.assert(response.body.code === -1, "Response code is not -1");
	});
%}


###

# 登陸
POST http://{{host}}/system/login
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

username=admin&password=123456
> {%
 client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));
	client.test("Request executed successfully", function() {
		client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200");
	});
	client.test("Response content-type is json", function() {
		var type = response.contentType.mimeType;
		client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'");
	});
	client.test("Request code success", function() {
		client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "Response code is not 0");
		client.global.set("token", response.body.data);
	});
%}

###

# 登陸後訪問用戶信息
POST http://{{host}}/system/user/info
token: {{token}}

> {%
 client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));
	client.test("Request executed successfully", function() {
		client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200");
	});
	client.test("Response content-type is json", function() {
		var type = response.contentType.mimeType;
		client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'");
	});
	client.test("Request code success", function() {
		client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "Response code is not 0");
	});
%}
###

# 登陸後訪問用戶年齡
POST http://{{host}}/system/user/age
token: {{token}}

> {%
 client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));
	client.test("Request executed successfully", function() {
		client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200");
	});
	client.test("Response content-type is json", function() {
		var type = response.contentType.mimeType;
		client.assert(type === "application/json", "Expected 'application/json' but received '" + type + "'");
	});
	client.test("Request code success", function() {
		client.assert(response.body.code === 0, "Response code is not 0");
	});
%}
###

http-client.env.json

{
 "dev": {
 "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80",
 "name": "zhangsan"
 },
 "prod": {
 "host": "http://127.0.0.1:80",
 "name":"lisi"
 }
}

main.go

package main

import (
	"github.com/gogf/gf/frame/g"
	"github.com/gogf/gf/net/ghttp"
	"github.com/gogf/gf/util/guuid"
)

var token string

func main() {
	s := g.Server()
	group := s.Group("/api")
	// 默認路徑
	// GET帶參數
	group.GET("/get", func(r *ghttp.Request) {
		r.Response.Writeln("Hello World!")
		r.Response.Writeln("name:", r.GetString("name"))
	})
	// POST KV
	group.POST("/post/kv", func(r *ghttp.Request) {
		r.Response.Writeln("func:test")
		r.Response.Writeln("name:", r.GetString("name"))
		r.Response.Writeln("age:", r.GetInt("age"))
	})
	// POST JSON
	group.POST("/post/json", func(r *ghttp.Request) {
		r.Response.Writeln("func:test2")
		r.Response.Writeln("name:", r.GetString("name"))
		r.Response.Writeln("age:", r.GetString("age"))

		h := r.Header
		r.Response.Writeln("referer:", h.Get("referer"))
		r.Response.Writeln("cookie:", h.Get("cookie"))
		r.Response.Writeln(r.Cookie.Map())
	})

	// 模擬登陸
	system := s.Group("/system")
	// 登陸接口
	system.POST("/login", func(r *ghttp.Request) {
		if "admin" == r.GetString("username") &&
			"123456" == r.GetString("password") {
			token = guuid.New().String()
			r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{
				"code": 0,
				"data": token,
			})
			r.Exit()
		}
		r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{
			"code": -1,
			"data": "",
		})
	})
	// 獲取用戶信息
	system.POST("/user/info", func(r *ghttp.Request) {
		if token != r.Header.Get("token") || token == "" {
			r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{
				"code": -1,
				"data": "",
			})
			r.Exit()
		}

		// 返回用戶信息
		r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{
			"code": 0,
			"data": "zhangsan",
		})
	})
	// 獲取用戶年齡
	system.POST("/user/age", func(r *ghttp.Request) {
		if token != r.Header.Get("token") || token == "" {
			r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{
				"code": -1,
				"data": "",
			})
			r.Exit()
		}

		// 返回用戶信息
		r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{
			"code": 0,
			"data": 11,
		})
	})

	s.SetPort(80)
	s.Run()
}

代碼地址

github:https://github.com/goflyfox/tools

gitee:https://gitee.com/goflyfox/tools

教程視頻

bilibili教程地址:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12V411f7ab/

到此這篇關於IDEA中的HTTP Client使用教程的文章就介紹到這瞭,更多相關IDEA HTTP Client使用內容請搜索WalkonNet以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大傢以後多多支持WalkonNet!

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