新手瞭解java基礎知識(二)
算數運算符
算術運算符用在數學表達式中,它們的作用和在數學中的作用一樣。下表列出瞭所有的算術運算符。
表格中的實例假設整數變量A的值為10,變量B的值為20:
操作符 | 描述 |
---|---|
+ | 加法 – 相加運算符兩側的值 |
– | 減法 – 左操作數減去右操作數 |
* | 乘法 – 相乘操作符兩側的值 |
/ | 除法 – 左操作數除以右操作數 |
% | 取餘 – 左操作數除以右操作數的餘數 |
++ | 自增: 操作數的值增加1 |
– – | 自減: 操作數的值減少1 |
例子
public static void main(String[] args) { int a = 10; int b = 20; int c = 25; int d = 25; System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b) ); System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b) ); System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b) ); System.out.println("b / a = " + (b / a) ); System.out.println("b % a = " + (b % a) ); System.out.println("c % a = " + (c % a) ); System.out.println("a++ = " + (a++) ); System.out.println("a-- = " + (a--) ); // 查看 d++ 與 ++d 的不同 System.out.println("d++ = " + (d++) ); System.out.println("++d = " + (++d) ); } 運行結果 "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=51196:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\JavaProject\20210402\out\production\20210402" Test a + b = 30 a - b = -10 a * b = 200 b / a = 2 b % a = 0 c % a = 5 a++ = 10 a-- = 11 d++ = 25 ++d = 27 Process finished with exit code 0
關系運算符
運算符 | 描述 |
---|---|
== | 檢查如果兩個操作數的值是否相等,如果相等則條件為真。 |
!= | 檢查如果兩個操作數的值是否相等,如果值不相等則條件為真。 |
> | 檢查左操作數的值是否大於右操作數的值,如果是那麼條件為真。 |
< | 檢查左操作數的值是否小於右操作數的值,如果是那麼條件為真 |
>= | 檢查左操作數的值是否大於或等於右操作數的值,如果是那麼條件為真。 |
<= | 檢查左操作數的值是否小於或等於右操作數的值,如果是那麼條件為真。 |
例子
public static void main(String[] args) { int a = 10; int b = 20; System.out.println("a == b = " + (a == b) ); System.out.println("a != b = " + (a != b) ); System.out.println("a > b = " + (a > b) ); System.out.println("a < b = " + (a < b) ); System.out.println("b >= a = " + (b >= a) ); System.out.println("b <= a = " + (b <= a) ); } 運行結果 "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=51452:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_192\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\JavaProject\20210402\out\production\20210402" Test a == b = false a != b = true a > b = false a < b = true b >= a = true b <= a = false Process finished with exit code 0
邏輯運算符
操作符 | 描述 |
---|---|
&& | 稱為邏輯與運算符。當且僅當兩個操作數都為真,條件才為真。 |
ll | 稱為邏輯或操作符。如果任何兩個操作數任何一個為真,條件為真。 |
! | 稱為邏輯非運算符。用來反轉操作數的邏輯狀態。如果條件為true,則邏輯非運算符將得到false |
例子
public static void main(String[] args) { boolean a = true; boolean b = false; System.out.println("a && b = " + (a&&b)); System.out.println("a || b = " + (a||b) ); System.out.println("!(a && b) = " + !(a && b)); }
賦值運算符
賦值運算符 | 描述 | 例子 |
---|---|---|
= | 簡單的賦值運算符,將右操作數的值賦給左側操作數 | C = A + B將把A + B得到的值賦給C |
+ = | 加和賦值操作符,它把左操作數和右操作數相加賦值給左操作數 | C + = A等價於C = C + A |
– = | 減和賦值操作符,它把左操作數和右操作數相減賦值給左操作數 | C – = A等價於C = C – A |
* = | 乘和賦值操作符,它把左操作數和右操作數相乘賦值給左操作數 | C * = A等價於C = C * A |
/ = | 除和賦值操作符,它把左操作數和右操作數相除賦值給左操作數 | C / = A,C 與 A 同類型時等價於 C = C / A |
(%)= | 取模和賦值操作符,它把左操作數和右操作數取模後賦值給左操作數 | C%= A等價於C = C%A |
<< = | 左移位賦值運算符 | C << = 2等價於C = C << 2 |
>> = | 右移位賦值運算符 | C >> = 2等價於C = C >> 2 |
&= | 按位與賦值運算符 | C&= 2等價於C = C&2 |
^ = | 按位異或賦值操作符 | C ^ = 2等價於C = C ^ 2 |
l= | 按位或賦值操作符 | C l = 2等價於C = C |
public static void main(String[] args) { int a = 10; int b = 20; int c = 0; c = a + b; System.out.println("c = a + b = " + c ); c += a ; System.out.println("c += a = " + c ); c -= a ; System.out.println("c -= a = " + c ); c *= a ; System.out.println("c *= a = " + c ); a = 10; c = 15; c /= a ; System.out.println("c /= a = " + c ); a = 10; c = 15; c %= a ; System.out.println("c %= a = " + c ); c <<= 2 ; System.out.println("c <<= 2 = " + c ); c >>= 2 ; System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c ); c >>= 2 ; System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c ); c &= a ; System.out.println("c &= a = " + c ); c ^= a ; System.out.println("c ^= a = " + c ); c |= a ; System.out.println("c |= a = " + c ); } 運行結果為: c = a + b = 30 c += a = 40 c -= a = 30 c *= a = 300 c /= a = 1 c %= a = 5 c <<= 2 = 20 c >>= 2 = 5 c >>= 2 = 1 c &= a = 0 c ^= a = 10 c |= a = 10 Process finished with exit code 0
Java運算符優先級
類別 | 操作 | 關聯性 |
---|---|---|
後綴 | () [] . (點操作符) | 左到右 |
一元 | expr++ expr– | 從左到右 |
一元 | ++expr –expr + – ~ ! | 從右到左 |
乘性 | * /% | 左到右 |
加性 | + – | 左到右 |
移位 | >> >>> << | 左到右 |
關系 | > >= < <= | 左到右 |
相等 | == != | 左到右 |
按位與 | & | 左到右 |
按位異或 | ^ | 左到右 |
按位或 | l | 左到右 |
邏輯與 | && | 左到右 |
邏輯或 | ll | 左到右 |
條件 | ?: | 從右到左 |
賦值 | = + = – = * = / =%= >> = << =&= ^ = l= | 從右到左 |
逗號 | , | 左到右 |
總結
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