Java SpringBoot Validation用法案例詳解

/**
 * 用戶 - DTO
 *
 * @author luohq
 * @date 2021-09-04 13:45
 */
public class UserDto {

    @NotNull(groups = Update.class)
    @Positive
    private Long id;

    @NotBlank
    @Size(max = 32)
    private String name;

    @NotNull
    @Range(min = 1, max = 2)
    private Integer sex;

    @NotBlank
    @Pattern(regexp = "^\\d{8,11}$")
    private String phone;

    @NotNull
    @Email
    private String mail;

    @NotNull
    @Pattern(regexp = "^\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}$")
    private String birthDateStr;

    @NotNull
    @PastOrPresent
    private LocalDate birthLocalDate;

    @NotNull
    @Past
    @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
    private LocalDateTime registerLocalDatetime;

    @Valid
    @NotEmpty
    private List<OrgDto> orgs;

	//省略getter、setter、toString方法	
}

/**
 * 組織 - DTO
 *
 * @author luohq
 * @date 2021-09-04 14:10
 */
public class OrgDto {
    @NotNull
    @Positive
    private Long orgId;

    @NotBlank
    @Size(min = 1, max = 32)
    private String orgName;
    
    //省略getter、setter、toString方法	
}

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
</dependency>

import com.luo.demo.validation.domain.result.CommonResult;
import com.luo.demo.validation.enums.RespCodeEnum;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.validation.BindException;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

/**
 * controller增強 - 通用異常處理
 *
 * @author luohq
 * @date 2021-09-04 13:43
 */
@ControllerAdvice
public class ControllerAdviceHandler {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ControllerAdviceHandler.class);

    /**
     * 是否在響應結果中展示驗證錯誤提示信息
     */
    @Value("${spring.validation.msg.enable:true}")
    private Boolean enableValidationMsg;

    /**
     * 符號常量
     */
    private final String DOT = ".";
    private final String SEPARATOR_COMMA = ", ";
    private final String SEPARATOR_COLON = ": ";

    /**
     * 驗證異常處理 - 在@RequestBody上添加@Validated處觸發
     *
     * @param request
     * @param ex
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler({MethodArgumentNotValidException.class})
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
    @ResponseBody
    public CommonResult handleMethodArgumentNotValidException(HttpServletRequest request, MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
        log.warn("{} - MethodArgumentNotValidException!", request.getServletPath());
        CommonResult commonResult = CommonResult.respWith(RespCodeEnum.PARAM_INVALID.getCode(), this.convertFiledErrors(ex.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors()));
        log.warn("{} - resp with param invalid: {}", request.getServletPath(), commonResult);
        return commonResult;
    }

    /**
     * 驗證異常處理 - form參數（對象參數，沒有加@RequestBody）觸發
     *
     * @param request
     * @param ex
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler({BindException.class})
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
    @ResponseBody
    public CommonResult handleBindException(HttpServletRequest request, BindException ex) {
        log.warn("{} - BindException!", request.getServletPath());
        CommonResult commonResult = CommonResult.respWith(RespCodeEnum.PARAM_INVALID.getCode(), this.convertFiledErrors(ex.getFieldErrors()));
        log.warn("{} - resp with param invalid: {}", request.getServletPath(), commonResult);
        return commonResult;
    }


    /**
     * 驗證異常處理 - @Validated加在controller類上，
     * 且在參數列表中直接指定constraints時觸發
     *
     * @param request
     * @param ex
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler({ConstraintViolationException.class})
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
    @ResponseBody
    public CommonResult handleConstraintViolationException(HttpServletRequest request, ConstraintViolationException ex) {
        log.warn("{} - ConstraintViolationException - {}", request.getServletPath(), ex.getMessage());
        CommonResult commonResult = CommonResult.respWith(RespCodeEnum.PARAM_INVALID.getCode(), this.convertConstraintViolations(ex));
        log.warn("{} - resp with param invalid: {}", request.getServletPath(), commonResult);
        return commonResult;
    }

    /**
     * 全局默認異常處理
     *
     * @param request
     * @param ex
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler({Throwable.class})
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
    @ResponseBody
    public CommonResult handleException(HttpServletRequest request, Throwable ex) {
        log.warn("{} - Exception!", request.getServletPath(), ex);
        CommonResult commonResult = CommonResult.failed();
        log.warn("{} - resp failed: {}", request.getServletPath(), commonResult);
        return commonResult;
    }

    /**
     * 轉換FieldError列表為錯誤提示信息
     *
     * @param fieldErrors
     * @return
     */
    private String convertFiledErrors(List<FieldError> fieldErrors) {
        return Optional.ofNullable(fieldErrors)
                .filter(fieldErrorsInner -> this.enableValidationMsg)
                .map(fieldErrorsInner -> fieldErrorsInner.stream()
                        .flatMap(fieldError -> Stream.of(fieldError.getField(), SEPARATOR_COLON, fieldError.getDefaultMessage(), SEPARATOR_COMMA))
                        .collect(Collectors.joining()))
                .map(msg -> msg.substring(0, msg.length() - SEPARATOR_COMMA.length()))
                .orElse(null);
    }

    /**
     * 轉換ConstraintViolationException異常為錯誤提示信息
     *
     * @param constraintViolationException
     * @return
     */
    private String convertConstraintViolations(ConstraintViolationException constraintViolationException) {
        return Optional.ofNullable(constraintViolationException.getConstraintViolations())
                .filter(constraintViolations -> this.enableValidationMsg)
                .map(constraintViolations -> constraintViolations.stream()
                        .flatMap(constraintViolation -> {
                            String path = constraintViolation.getPropertyPath().toString();
                            path = path.substring(path.lastIndexOf(DOT) + 1);
                            String errMsg = constraintViolation.getMessage();
                            return Stream.of(path, SEPARATOR_COLON, errMsg, SEPARATOR_COMMA);
                        }).collect(Collectors.joining())
                ).map(msg -> msg.substring(0, msg.length() - SEPARATOR_COMMA.length()))
                .orElse(null);

    }
}

import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE;

/**
 * The annotated {@code CharSequence} must match date format.
 * The default date format is "yyyy-MM-dd".
 * Can override with property "format".
 * see {@link java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter}.
 * <p>
 * Accepts {@code CharSequence}. {@code null} elements are considered valid.
 *
 * @author luo
 * @date 2021-09-05
 */
@Documented
@Constraint(validatedBy = DateFormatValidator.class)
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD, ANNOTATION_TYPE,})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DateFormat {
    String message() default "日期格式不正確";

    String format() default "yyyy-MM-dd";

    Class<?>[] groups() default {};

    Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
}



import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;

/**
 * Date Format validator
 *
 * @author luohq
 * @date 2021-09-05
 */
public class DateFormatValidator implements ConstraintValidator<DateFormat, String> {

    private String format;

    @Override
    public void initialize(DateFormat dateFormat) {
        this.format = dateFormat.format();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isValid(String dateStr, ConstraintValidatorContext cxt) {
        if (!StringUtils.hasText(dateStr)) {
            return true;
        }
        try {
            DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(this.format).parse(dateStr);
            return true;
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.OverridesAttribute;
import javax.validation.Payload;
import javax.validation.ReportAsSingleViolation;
import javax.validation.constraints.Pattern;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.Repeatable;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.*;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;


/**
 * The annotated {@code CharSequence} must match phone no format.
 * The regular expression follows the Java regular expression conventions
 * see {@link java.util.regex.Pattern}.
 * <p>
 * Accepts {@code CharSequence}. {@code null} elements are considered valid.
 *
 * @author luo
 * @date 2021-09-05
 */
@Documented
@Constraint(validatedBy = {})
@Target({METHOD, FIELD, ANNOTATION_TYPE, CONSTRUCTOR, PARAMETER, TYPE_USE})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@Repeatable(PhoneNo.List.class)
@ReportAsSingleViolation
@Pattern(regexp = "")
public @interface PhoneNo {
    String message() default "電話號碼格式不正確";

    Class<?>[] groups() default {};

    Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};

    /**
     * @return an additional regular expression the annotated PhoneNo must match. The default is "^\\d{8,11}$"
     */
    @OverridesAttribute(constraint = Pattern.class, name = "regexp") String regexp() default "^\\d{8,11}$";

    /**
     * @return used in combination with {@link #regexp()} in order to specify a regular expression option
     */
    @OverridesAttribute(constraint = Pattern.class, name = "flags") Pattern.Flag[] flags() default {};

    /**
     * Defines several {@code @URL} annotations on the same element.
     */
    @Target({METHOD, FIELD, ANNOTATION_TYPE, CONSTRUCTOR, PARAMETER, TYPE_USE})
    @Retention(RUNTIME)
    @Documented
    @interface List {
        PhoneNo[] value();
    }
}

/**
 * 用戶 - DTO
 *
 * @author luohq
 * @date 2021-09-04 13:45
 */
public class UserDto {
    ...
    @NotBlank
    //@Pattern(regexp = "^\\d{8,11}$")
    @PhoneNo
    private String phone;
    
    @NotBlank
    @IdNo
    private String idNo;

    @NotNull
    //@Pattern(regexp = "^\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}$")
    @DateFormat
    //@DateTimeFormat
    private String birthDateStr;

    ...
}