SpringBoot集成Validation參數校驗
本文實例為大傢分享瞭SpringBoot集成Validation參數校驗的具體代碼,供大傢參考,具體內容如下
1、依賴
SpringBoot在web啟動器中已經包含validator包
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
非SpringBoot項目,需要自定引入依賴
<dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>6.1.5.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupOd>org.glassfish</groupId> <artifactId>jakarta.el</artifactId> <version>3.0.3</version> </dependency>
2、常用約束說明
package com.smile.project.validator.utils; public class 常用約束說明 { /** * @Null:元素為null * @NotNull:元素不為null * @AssertTrue:元素為true * @AssertFalse:元素為false * @Min(value):數字的值大於等於指定的最小值 * @Max(value):數字的值小於等於指定的最大值 * @DecimalMin(value):大數值大於等於指定的最小值 * @DecimalMax(value):大數值小於等於指定的最大值 * @Size(max=,min=):元素的大小在指定的范圍內 * @Digits(integer,fraction):元素是一個數字,其值必須在可接受的范圍內 * @Past:一個過去的日期 * @Future:一個將來的日期 * @Pattern(regex=,flag=):指定的正則表達式 * @URL:必須是一個URL * @Email:必須是email格式 * @NotBlank:字符串不能為空 * @NotEmpty:集合不能為空 * @Length:長度必須在指定范圍內 * @Valid:對實體類進行校驗 */ }
3、實體約束示例
import com.smile.project.validator.utils.Gender; import lombok.Data; import javax.validation.constraints.Email; import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull; import javax.validation.constraints.Size; @Data public class SysUser { private Long id; @NotNull(message = "用戶名不能為空") @Size(min = 3,max = 5,message = "用戶名長度為{min}-{max}之間") private String username; @NotNull(message = "昵稱不能為空") private String name; @NotNull(message = "密碼不能為空") private String password; @Email(message = "郵箱格式不合法") private String email; private String gender; }
4、控制層示例
需要在class加上@Validated註解
如果參數時實體,需要加上@Valid註解
import com.smile.project.validator.entity.SysUser; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import javax.validation.Valid; import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull; @RestController @Validated public class SysUserController { /** * 方法參數為實體校驗 */ @PostMapping("/register") public ResponseEntity register(@Valid SysUser sysUser){ return ResponseEntity.ok(sysUser); } /** * 方法參數校驗 */ @GetMapping("user") public ResponseEntity getUser(@NotNull(message = "用戶名不能為空") String username){ SysUser sysUser = new SysUser(); sysUser.setName("smile"); return ResponseEntity.ok(sysUser); } }
5、異常捕獲
全局異常捕獲,當出現參數校驗不合法時捕獲異常,並且返回給前端
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.validation.FieldError; import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError; import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation; import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; /** * 全局異常捕獲 * 當出翔參數校驗不合法時捕獲異常,並且返回給前端 */ @ControllerAdvice public class GlobHandler { /** * 捕獲方法參數校驗異常 */ @ExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException.class) @ResponseBody public ResponseEntity constraintViolationExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException e){ Set<ConstraintViolation<?>> message = e.getConstraintViolations(); HashMap<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); message.stream().forEach(msg ->{ String path = msg.getPropertyPath().toString(); String field = path.substring(path.indexOf(".")+1); map.put(field,msg.getMessageTemplate()); }); return ResponseEntity.ok(map); } /** * 捕獲實體參數校驗異常 */ @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class) @ResponseBody public ResponseEntity resolveMethodArgumentNotValidException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e){ List<ObjectError> allErrors = e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors(); HashMap<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); allErrors.stream().forEach(error -> { FieldError fieldError = (FieldError) error; map.put(fieldError.getField(),fieldError.getDefaultMessage()); }); return ResponseEntity.ok(map); } }
6、自定義校驗規則
特殊的字段需要自定義規則,比如身份證號碼,郵箱,電話等
6.1、定義校驗註解
import com.smile.project.validator.utils.GenderValidator; import javax.validation.Constraint; import javax.validation.Payload; import java.lang.annotation.*; import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.FIELD; import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD; import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME; /** * 定義校驗註解 */ @Target({METHOD,FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) @Constraint(validatedBy = GenderValidator.class) @Documented public @interface Gender { String message() default "性別為男或者女"; Class<?>[] groups() default {}; Class<? extends Payload[]>[] payload() default {}; }
6.2、GenderValidator實現ConstraintValidator接口並提供校驗規則
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator; import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext; /** * 實現ConstraintValidator接口並提供校驗規則 */ public class GenderValidator implements ConstraintValidator<Gender,String> { //初始化校驗值 @Override public void initialize(Gender constraintAnnotation) { } //檢驗規則 @Override public boolean isValid(String value, ConstraintValidatorContext content) { return "男".equals(value) || "女".equals(value); } }
6.3、在成員變量中使用註解
import com.smile.project.validator.utils.Gender; import lombok.Data; import javax.validation.constraints.Email; import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull; import javax.validation.constraints.Size; @Data public class SysUser { private Long id; @NotNull(message = "用戶名不能為空") @Size(min = 3,max = 5,message = "用戶名長度為{min}-{max}之間") private String username; @NotNull(message = "昵稱不能為空") private String name; @NotNull(message = "密碼不能為空") private String password; @Email(message = "郵箱格式不合法") private String email; @Gender() private String gender; }
7、分組校驗
默認情況下,不指定分組都屬於默認組;使用分組校驗有利於分層校驗開發
7.1、新建兩個接口,一個用於查詢,一個用於添加
public interface ADD extends Default { } public interface Select extends Default { }
7.2、修改屍體校驗規則,如果不指定分組默認時Default組;
import com.smile.project.validator.utils.Gender; import lombok.Data; import javax.validation.constraints.Email; import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull; import javax.validation.constraints.Size; @Data public class SysUser { private Long id; @NotNull(message = "用戶名不能為空",groups = ADD.class) @Size(min = 3,max = 5,message = "用戶名長度為{min}-{max}之間") private String username; @NotNull(message = "昵稱不能為空",groups = Select.class) private String name; @NotNull(message = "密碼不能為空",groups = ADD.class) private String password; @Email(message = "郵箱格式不合法",groups = Select.class) private String email; @Gender() private String gender; }
7.3、控制層示例,此時隻會校驗ADD組和Default組
//分組校驗 @PostMapping("/user") public ResponseEntity addUser(@Validated(value = ADD.class) @RequestBody SysUser sysUser){ return ResponseEntity.ok(sysUser); }
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大傢的學習有所幫助,也希望大傢多多支持WalkonNet。
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