Python實現csv文件(點表和線表)轉換為shapefile文件的方法

import os, re
import geopandas as gpd
import gdal
import pandas as pd
from osgeo import ogr, osr  # osr用於獲取坐標系統，ogr用於處理矢量文件
from conf.path_config import gis_excel_dir

# 解決shp dbf 文件中文編碼   選自自己想轉的編碼   常用的 gbk  gb2312  utf8
# gdal.SetConfigOption("SHAPE_ENCODING", "")
# gdal.SetConfigOption("SHAPE_ENCODING", "gb2312")
gdal.SetConfigOption("SHAPE_ENCODING", "gbk")


def point_csv_2_shp(path, shp_fn):
    """
    point  轉 shp
    """
    os.chdir(os.path.dirname(path))  # 將path所在的目錄設置為當前文件夾
    ds = ogr.Open(path, 1)  # 1代表可讀可寫，默認為0
    csv_lyr = ds.GetLayer()  # 獲取csv文件
    sr = osr.SpatialReference()
    sr.ImportFromEPSG(4326)  # 定義坐標系統
    shp_driver = ogr.GetDriverByName('ESRI Shapefile')  # 獲取shapefile文件處理句柄
    if os.path.exists(shp_fn):  # 如果文件夾中已存在同名文件則先刪除
        shp_driver.DeleteDataSource(shp_fn)
    shp_ds = shp_driver.CreateDataSource(shp_fn)
    layer = shp_ds.CreateLayer(shp_fn, sr, ogr.wkbPoint)  # 創建一個點圖層

    layer.CreateField(ogr.FieldDefn('id', ogr.OFTString))
    layer.CreateField(ogr.FieldDefn('ground_h', ogr.OFTString))
    layer.CreateField(ogr.FieldDefn('type', ogr.OFTString))

    for csv_row in csv_lyr:  # 對於csv文件中每一行
        point_feature = ogr.Feature(layer.GetLayerDefn())  # 創建一個點
        x = csv_row.GetFieldAsDouble('橫坐標')  # csv中的坐標字段
        y = csv_row.GetFieldAsDouble('縱坐標')  # csv中的坐標字段
        shp_pt = ogr.Geometry(ogr.wkbPoint)  # 創建幾何點
        shp_pt.AddPoint(x, y)
        # 獲取csv字段
        # 為創建的shp文件字段賦值
        point_feature.SetField('id', csv_row.GetFieldAsString('local_id'))  # GetFieldAsString  獲取csv中的列名
        point_feature.SetField('ground_h', csv_row.GetFieldAsString('ground_h'))
        point_feature.SetField('type', csv_row.GetFieldAsString('dev_type'))

        point_feature.SetGeometry(shp_pt)  # 將點的幾何數據添加到點中
        layer.CreateFeature(point_feature)  # 將點寫入到圖層中

    del ds
    del shp_ds  # 釋放句柄，文件緩沖到磁盤
    print("This process has succeeded!")


def line_csv_2_dbf(path, shp_fn):
    """
    geometry坐標為 LineString坐標
    """
    os.chdir(os.path.dirname(path))  # 將path所在的目錄設置為當前文件夾
    ds = ogr.Open(path, 1)  # 1代表可讀可寫，默認為0
    csv_lyr = ds.GetLayer()  # 獲取csv文件
    sr = osr.SpatialReference()
    sr.ImportFromEPSG(4326)  # 定義坐標系統
    shp_driver = ogr.GetDriverByName('ESRI Shapefile')  # 獲取shapefile文件處理句柄
    if os.path.exists(shp_fn):  # 如果文件夾中已存在同名文件則先刪除
        shp_driver.DeleteDataSource(shp_fn)
    shp_ds = shp_driver.CreateDataSource(shp_fn)
    layer = shp_ds.CreateLayer(shp_fn, sr, ogr.wkbLineString)  # 創建多個點圖層

    layer.CreateField(ogr.FieldDefn('id', ogr.OFTString))
    layer.CreateField(ogr.FieldDefn('l_id', ogr.OFTString))
    layer.CreateField(ogr.FieldDefn('u_id', ogr.OFTString))

    for csv_row in csv_lyr:  # 對於csv文件中每一行
        point_feature = ogr.Feature(layer.GetLayerDefn())
        x1 = csv_row.GetFieldAsDouble('x1')  # csv中的 x1坐標
        y1 = csv_row.GetFieldAsDouble('y1')  # y1坐標
        x2 = csv_row.GetFieldAsDouble('x2')  # x1坐標
        y2 = csv_row.GetFieldAsDouble('y2')  # y2坐標

        mult_coord = '(' + str(x1) + ' ' + str(y1) + ',' + str(x2) + ' ' + str(y2) + ')'
        # geom = ogr.CreateGeometryFromWkt('LINESTRING ' + '(2 1,0 1)')
        geom = ogr.CreateGeometryFromWkt('LINESTRING' + mult_coord)

        # 獲取csv字段
        # 為創建的shp文件字段賦值
        point_feature.SetField('id', csv_row.GetFieldAsString('gid'))  # GetFieldAsString  獲取csv中的列名
        point_feature.SetField('l_id', csv_row.GetFieldAsString('l_id'))
        point_feature.SetField('u_id', csv_row.GetFieldAsString('u_id'))

        point_feature.SetGeometryDirectly(geom)
        layer.CreateFeature(point_feature)

    del ds
    del shp_ds  # 釋放句柄，文件緩沖到磁盤
    print("This process has succeeded!")


def read_shapefile(path):
    """
    測試轉成的shp文件
    """
    df = gpd.read_file(path, encoding='gbk', rows=20)  # 轉shp前的編碼格式
    print(df)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    '''線表轉shp  以及讀取測試'''
    shp_fn = "gd.shp"  # 最終要得到的shp文件的文件名
    path = os.path.join(gis_excel_dir, 'line.csv')  # csv文件名稱
    line_csv_2_dbf(path=path, shp_fn=shp_fn)
    # 讀取測試轉之後的結果
    read_shapefile(path=os.path.join(gis_excel_dir, 'gd.shp'))

    '''點表轉shp  以及讀取測試'''
    # shp_fn = "xnd.shp"
    # path = os.path.join(gis_excel_dir, 'point.csv')  # csv文件名稱
    # point_csv_2_shp(path=path, shp_fn=shp_fn)
    # 讀取測試轉之後的結果
    # read_shapefile(path=os.path.join(gis_excel_dir, 'point.shp'))