LRU算法及Apache LRUMap源碼實例解析

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
            <version>4.2</version>
        </dependency>

        LRUMap<String, String> map = new LRUMap<>(3);
        map.put("1", "1");
        map.put("2", "2");
        map.put("3", "3");
 
        map.get("2");
 
        System.out.println("---------------------------------");
        map.forEach((k,v)->
            System.out.println(k+"\t"+v)
        );
 
        map.put("4", "4");
        map.put("5", "5");
 
        System.out.println("---------------------------------");
        map.forEach((k,v)->
                System.out.println(k+"\t"+v)
        );
 
        map.put("6", "6");
 
        System.out.println("---------------------------------");
        map.forEach((k,v)->
                System.out.println(k+"\t"+v)
        );

public class LRUMap<K, V>
        extends AbstractLinkedMap<K, V> implements BoundedMap<K, V>, Serializable, Cloneable {

public abstract class AbstractLinkedMap<K, V> extends AbstractHashedMap<K, V> implements OrderedMap<K, V> {

public class AbstractHashedMap<K, V> extends AbstractMap<K, V> implements IterableMap<K, V> {

public class LinkedHashMap<K,V>
    extends HashMap<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V>

public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable {

protected static final int DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE = 100;
 
public LRUMap() {
        this(DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, false);
}

public LRUMap(final int maxSize, final float loadFactor, final boolean scanUntilRemovable) {
        this(maxSize, maxSize, loadFactor, scanUntilRemovable);
}
 
/**
     * Constructs a new, empty map with the specified max / initial capacity and load factor.
     *
     * @param maxSize  the maximum size of the map
     * @param initialSize  the initial size of the map
     * @param loadFactor  the load factor
     * @param scanUntilRemovable  scan until a removeable entry is found, default false
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the maximum size is less than one
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial size is negative or larger than the maximum size
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the load factor is less than zero
     * @since 4.1
     */
    public LRUMap(final int maxSize,
                  final int initialSize,
                  final float loadFactor,
                  final boolean scanUntilRemovable) {
 
        super(initialSize, loadFactor);
        if (maxSize < 1) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("LRUMap max size must be greater than 0");
        }
        if (initialSize > maxSize) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("LRUMap initial size must not be greather than max size");
        }
        this.maxSize = maxSize;
        this.scanUntilRemovable = scanUntilRemovable;
    }

public abstract class AbstractLinkedMap<K, V> extends AbstractHashedMap<K, V> implements OrderedMap<K, V> {
 
    protected AbstractLinkedMap(final int initialCapacity, final float loadFactor) {
        super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
    }
//又super，再上一層追蹤
 
public class AbstractHashedMap<K, V> extends AbstractMap<K, V> implements IterableMap<K, V> {
    //定義一些基本初始化數據
    /** The default capacity to use */
    protected static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 16;
    /** The default threshold to use */
    protected static final int DEFAULT_THRESHOLD = 12;
    /** The default load factor to use */
    protected static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
    /** The maximum capacity allowed */
    protected static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
 
    /** Load factor, normally 0.75 */
    transient float loadFactor;
    /** The size of the map */
    transient int size;
    /** Map entries */
    transient HashEntry<K, V>[] data;
    /** Size at which to rehash */
    transient int threshold;
    /** Modification count for iterators */
    transient int modCount;
    /** Entry set */
    transient EntrySet<K, V> entrySet;
    /** Key set */
    transient KeySet<K> keySet;
    /** Values */
    transient Values<V> values;
 
    protected AbstractHashedMap(int initialCapacity, final float loadFactor) {
        super();
        if (initialCapacity < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Initial capacity must be a non negative number");
        }
        if (loadFactor <= 0.0f || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Load factor must be greater than 0");
        }
        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
        initialCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(initialCapacity);
        this.threshold = calculateThreshold(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
        this.data = new HashEntry[initialCapacity];
        init();
    }
 
    /**
     * Initialise subclasses during construction, cloning or deserialization.
     */
    protected void init() {
        //沒有任何邏輯，僅用於子類構造
    }

    /** Header in the linked list */
    transient LinkEntry<K, V> header;
 
    /**
     * Creates an entry to store the data.
     * <p>
     * This implementation creates a new LinkEntry instance.
     *
     * @param next  the next entry in sequence
     * @param hashCode  the hash code to use
     * @param key  the key to store
     * @param value  the value to store
     * @return the newly created entry
     */
    @Override
    protected LinkEntry<K, V> createEntry(final HashEntry<K, V> next, final int hashCode, final K key, final V value) {
        return new LinkEntry<>(next, hashCode, convertKey(key), value);
    }
 
    protected static class LinkEntry<K, V> extends HashEntry<K, V> {
        /** The entry before this one in the order */
        protected LinkEntry<K, V> before;
        /** The entry after this one in the order */
        protected LinkEntry<K, V> after;
 
        /**
         * Constructs a new entry.
         *
         * @param next  the next entry in the hash bucket sequence
         * @param hashCode  the hash code
         * @param key  the key
         * @param value  the value
         */
        protected LinkEntry(final HashEntry<K, V> next, final int hashCode, final Object key, final V value) {
            super(next, hashCode, key, value);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Initialise this subclass during construction.
     * <p>
     * NOTE: As from v3.2 this method calls
     * {@link #createEntry(HashEntry, int, Object, Object)} to create
     * the map entry object.
     */
    @Override
    protected void init() {
        header = createEntry(null, -1, null, null);
        header.before = header.after = header;
    }

transient HashEntry<K, V>[] data;
//構造初始化
this.data = new HashEntry[initialCapacity];

 protected static class HashEntry<K, V> implements Map.Entry<K, V>, KeyValue<K, V> {
        /** The next entry in the hash chain */
        protected HashEntry<K, V> next;
        /** The hash code of the key */
        protected int hashCode;
        /** The key */
        protected Object key;
        /** The value */
        protected Object value;

public int hashCode() {
            return (getKey() == null ? 0 : getKey().hashCode()) ^
                   (getValue() == null ? 0 : getValue().hashCode());
        }

public class LinkedHashMap<K,V>
    extends HashMap<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V>
{    
    /**
     * The head (eldest) of the doubly linked list.
     */
    transient LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> head;
 
    /**
     * The tail (youngest) of the doubly linked list.
     */
    transient LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> tail;

public V get(final Object key) {
        return get(key, true);
}
 
public V get(final Object key, final boolean updateToMRU) {
        final LinkEntry<K, V> entry = getEntry(key);
        if (entry == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (updateToMRU) {
            moveToMRU(entry);
        }
        return entry.getValue();
}
 
//父類方法獲取值entry
protected HashEntry<K, V> getEntry(Object key) {
        key = convertKey(key);
        final int hashCode = hash(key);
        HashEntry<K, V> entry = data[hashIndex(hashCode, data.length)]; // no local for hash index
        while (entry != null) {
            if (entry.hashCode == hashCode && isEqualKey(key, entry.key)) {
                return entry;
            }
            entry = entry.next;
        }
        return null;
}

/**
     * Moves an entry to the MRU position at the end of the list.
     * <p>
     * This implementation moves the updated entry to the end of the list.
     *
     * @param entry  the entry to update
     */
    protected void moveToMRU(final LinkEntry<K, V> entry) {
        if (entry.after != header) {
            modCount++;
            // remove
            if(entry.before == null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Entry.before is null." +
                    " Please check that your keys are immutable, and that you have used synchronization properly." +
                    " If so, then please report this to [email protected] as a bug.");
            }
            entry.before.after = entry.after;
            entry.after.before = entry.before;
            // add first
            entry.after = header;
            entry.before = header.before;
            header.before.after = entry;
            header.before = entry;
        } else if (entry == header) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Can't move header to MRU" +
                " (please report this to [email protected])");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes the specified mapping from this map.
     *
     * @param key  the mapping to remove
     * @return the value mapped to the removed key, null if key not in map
     */
    @Override
    public V remove(Object key) {
        key = convertKey(key);
        final int hashCode = hash(key);
        final int index = hashIndex(hashCode, data.length);
        HashEntry<K, V> entry = data[index];
        HashEntry<K, V> previous = null;
        while (entry != null) {
            if (entry.hashCode == hashCode && isEqualKey(key, entry.key)) {
                final V oldValue = entry.getValue();
                removeMapping(entry, index, previous);
                return oldValue;
            }
            previous = entry;
            entry = entry.next;
        }
        return null;
    }
 
    /**
     * Removes a mapping from the map.
     * <p>
     * This implementation calls <code>removeEntry()</code> and <code>destroyEntry()</code>.
     * It also handles changes to <code>modCount</code> and <code>size</code>.
     * Subclasses could override to fully control removals from the map.
     *
     * @param entry  the entry to remove
     * @param hashIndex  the index into the data structure
     * @param previous  the previous entry in the chain
     */
    protected void removeMapping(final HashEntry<K, V> entry, final int hashIndex, final HashEntry<K, V> previous) {
        modCount++;
        removeEntry(entry, hashIndex, previous);
        size--;
        destroyEntry(entry);
    }
 
    protected void removeEntry(final HashEntry<K, V> entry, final int hashIndex, final HashEntry<K, V> previous) {
        if (previous == null) {
            data[hashIndex] = entry.next;
        } else {
            previous.next = entry.next;
        }
    }
 
    protected void destroyEntry(final HashEntry<K, V> entry) {
        entry.next = null;
        entry.key = null;
        entry.value = null;
    }

    /**
     * Puts a key-value mapping into this map.
     *
     * @param key  the key to add
     * @param value  the value to add
     * @return the value previously mapped to this key, null if none
     */
    @Override
    public V put(final K key, final V value) {
        final Object convertedKey = convertKey(key);
        final int hashCode = hash(convertedKey);
        final int index = hashIndex(hashCode, data.length);
        HashEntry<K, V> entry = data[index];
        //僅在元素存在才循環，更新updateEntry，header前一個位置
        while (entry != null) {
            if (entry.hashCode == hashCode && isEqualKey(convertedKey, entry.key)) {
                final V oldValue = entry.getValue();
                updateEntry(entry, value);
                return oldValue;
            }
            entry = entry.next;
        }
 
        addMapping(index, hashCode, key, value);
        return null;
    } 

    /**
     * Updates an existing key-value mapping.
     * <p>
     * This implementation moves the updated entry to the end of the list
     * using {@link #moveToMRU(AbstractLinkedMap.LinkEntry)}.
     *
     * @param entry  the entry to update
     * @param newValue  the new value to store
     */
    @Override
    protected void updateEntry(final HashEntry<K, V> entry, final V newValue) {
        moveToMRU((LinkEntry<K, V>) entry);  // handles modCount
        entry.setValue(newValue);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a new key-value mapping into this map.
     * <p>
     * This implementation checks the LRU size and determines whether to
     * discard an entry or not using {@link #removeLRU(AbstractLinkedMap.LinkEntry)}.
     * <p>
     * From Commons Collections 3.1 this method uses {@link #isFull()} rather
     * than accessing <code>size</code> and <code>maxSize</code> directly.
     * It also handles the scanUntilRemovable functionality.
     *
     * @param hashIndex  the index into the data array to store at
     * @param hashCode  the hash code of the key to add
     * @param key  the key to add
     * @param value  the value to add
     */
    @Override
    protected void addMapping(final int hashIndex, final int hashCode, final K key, final V value) {
        //容量是否已滿
        if (isFull()) {
            LinkEntry<K, V> reuse = header.after;
            boolean removeLRUEntry = false;
            //默認是false
            if (scanUntilRemovable) {
                //這裡不知道幹啥，難道是以後擴展？
                while (reuse != header && reuse != null) {
                    //removeLRU一定返回true，很奇怪，估計以後擴展用
                    if (removeLRU(reuse)) {
                        removeLRUEntry = true;
                        break;
                    }
                    reuse = reuse.after;
                }
                if (reuse == null) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException(
                        "Entry.after=null, header.after" + header.after + " header.before" + header.before +
                        " key=" + key + " value=" + value + " size=" + size + " maxSize=" + maxSize +
                        " Please check that your keys are immutable, and that you have used synchronization properly." +
                        " If so, then please report this to [email protected] as a bug.");
                }
            } else {
                //一定返回true
                removeLRUEntry = removeLRU(reuse);
            }
 
            if (removeLRUEntry) {
                if (reuse == null) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException(
                        "reuse=null, header.after=" + header.after + " header.before" + header.before +
                        " key=" + key + " value=" + value + " size=" + size + " maxSize=" + maxSize +
                        " Please check that your keys are immutable, and that you have used synchronization properly." +
                        " If so, then please report this to [email protected] as a bug.");
                }
                reuseMapping(reuse, hashIndex, hashCode, key, value);
            } else {
                super.addMapping(hashIndex, hashCode, key, value);
            }
        } else {
            super.addMapping(hashIndex, hashCode, key, value);
        }
    }
 
    protected boolean removeLRU(final LinkEntry<K, V> entry) {
        return true;
    }

public boolean isFull() {
        return size >= maxSize;
}

    protected void addMapping(final int hashIndex, final int hashCode, final K key, final V value) {
        modCount++;
        final HashEntry<K, V> entry = createEntry(data[hashIndex], hashCode, key, value);
        addEntry(entry, hashIndex);
        size++;
        checkCapacity();
    }

    /**
     * Adds an entry into this map, maintaining insertion order.
     * <p>
     * This implementation adds the entry to the data storage table and
     * to the end of the linked list.
     *
     * @param entry  the entry to add
     * @param hashIndex  the index into the data array to store at
     */
    @Override
    protected void addEntry(final HashEntry<K, V> entry, final int hashIndex) {
        final LinkEntry<K, V> link = (LinkEntry<K, V>) entry;
        link.after  = header;
        link.before = header.before;
        header.before.after = link;
        header.before = link;
        data[hashIndex] = link;
    }

    /**
     * Reuses an entry by removing it and moving it to a new place in the map.
     * <p>
     * This method uses {@link #removeEntry}, {@link #reuseEntry} and {@link #addEntry}.
     *
     * @param entry  the entry to reuse
     * @param hashIndex  the index into the data array to store at
     * @param hashCode  the hash code of the key to add
     * @param key  the key to add
     * @param value  the value to add
     */
    protected void reuseMapping(final LinkEntry<K, V> entry, final int hashIndex, final int hashCode,
                                final K key, final V value) {
        // find the entry before the entry specified in the hash table
        // remember that the parameters (except the first) refer to the new entry,
        // not the old one
        try {
            //要幹掉的元素下標
            final int removeIndex = hashIndex(entry.hashCode, data.length);
            final HashEntry<K, V>[] tmp = data;  // may protect against some sync issues
            HashEntry<K, V> loop = tmp[removeIndex];
            HashEntry<K, V> previous = null;
            //避免已經被刪除
            while (loop != entry && loop != null) {
                previous = loop;
                loop = loop.next;
            }
            //如果被其他線程刪除，拋異常
            if (loop == null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Entry.next=null, data[removeIndex]=" + data[removeIndex] + " previous=" + previous +
                    " key=" + key + " value=" + value + " size=" + size + " maxSize=" + maxSize +
                    " Please check that your keys are immutable, and that you have used synchronization properly." +
                    " If so, then please report this to [email protected] as a bug.");
            }
 
            // reuse the entry
            modCount++;
            //雙鏈表移除舊元素,AbstractHashedMap移除舊元素
            removeEntry(entry, removeIndex, previous);
            //復用移除的對象，減少創建對象和GC；增加AbstractHashedMap單鏈表next指向
            reuseEntry(entry, hashIndex, hashCode, key, value);
            //復用的元素加AbstractLinkedMap雙鏈表和AbstractHashedMap單鏈表
            addEntry(entry, hashIndex);
        } catch (final NullPointerException ex) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "NPE, entry=" + entry + " entryIsHeader=" + (entry==header) +
                    " key=" + key + " value=" + value + " size=" + size + " maxSize=" + maxSize +
                    " Please check that your keys are immutable, and that you have used synchronization properly." +
                    " If so, then please report this to [email protected] as a bug.");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes an entry from the map and the linked list.
     * <p>
     * This implementation removes the entry from the linked list chain, then
     * calls the superclass implementation.
     *
     * @param entry  the entry to remove
     * @param hashIndex  the index into the data structure
     * @param previous  the previous entry in the chain
     */
    @Override
    protected void removeEntry(final HashEntry<K, V> entry, final int hashIndex, final HashEntry<K, V> previous) {
        final LinkEntry<K, V> link = (LinkEntry<K, V>) entry;
        link.before.after = link.after;
        link.after.before = link.before;
        link.after = null;
        link.before = null;
        super.removeEntry(entry, hashIndex, previous);
    }
 
    /**
     * Removes an entry from the chain stored in a particular index.
     * <p>
     * This implementation removes the entry from the data storage table.
     * The size is not updated.
     * Subclasses could override to handle changes to the map.
     *
     * @param entry  the entry to remove
     * @param hashIndex  the index into the data structure
     * @param previous  the previous entry in the chain
     */
    protected void removeEntry(final HashEntry<K, V> entry, final int hashIndex, final HashEntry<K, V> previous) {
        if (previous == null) {
            data[hashIndex] = entry.next;
        } else {
            previous.next = entry.next;
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Reuses an existing key-value mapping, storing completely new data.
     * <p>
     * This implementation sets all the data fields on the entry.
     * Subclasses could populate additional entry fields.
     *
     * @param entry  the entry to update, not null
     * @param hashIndex  the index in the data array
     * @param hashCode  the hash code of the key to add
     * @param key  the key to add
     * @param value  the value to add
     */
    protected void reuseEntry(final HashEntry<K, V> entry, final int hashIndex, final int hashCode,
                              final K key, final V value) {
        entry.next = data[hashIndex];
        entry.hashCode = hashCode;
        entry.key = key;
        entry.value = value;
    }
 
    /**
     * Adds an entry into this map, maintaining insertion order.
     * <p>
     * This implementation adds the entry to the data storage table and
     * to the end of the linked list.
     *
     * @param entry  the entry to add
     * @param hashIndex  the index into the data array to store at
     */
    @Override
    protected void addEntry(final HashEntry<K, V> entry, final int hashIndex) {
        final LinkEntry<K, V> link = (LinkEntry<K, V>) entry;
        link.after  = header;
        link.before = header.before;
        header.before.after = link;
        header.before = link;
        data[hashIndex] = link;
    }