聊聊RabbitMQ發佈確認高級問題
1、發佈確認高級
1. 存在的問題
再生產環境中由於一些不明原因導致rabbitmq
重啟,在RabbitMQ
重啟期間生產者消息投遞失敗,會導致消息丟失。
1.1、發佈確認SpringBoot版本
1.1.1、確認機制方案
當消息不能正常被接收的時候,我們需要將消息存放在緩存中。
1.1.2、代碼架構圖
1.1.3、配置文件
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.123.129 spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=admin spring.rabbitmq.password=123 spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type=correlated
NONE
:禁用發佈確認模式,是默認值。CORRELATED
:發佈消息成功到交換機會觸發回調方方法。CORRELATED
:就是發佈一個就確認一個。
1.1.4、配置類
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class ConfirmConfig { public static final String CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME = "confirm_exchange"; public static final String CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME = "confirm_queue"; public static final String CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY = "key1"; @Bean("confirmExchange") public DirectExchange confirmExchange(){ return new DirectExchange(CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME); } @Bean("confirmQueue") public Queue confirmQueue(){ return QueueBuilder.durable(CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME).build(); } @Bean public Binding queueBindingExchange(@Qualifier("confirmExchange") DirectExchange confirmExchange, @Qualifier("confirmQueue") Queue confirmQueue){ return BindingBuilder.bind(confirmQueue).to(confirmExchange).with(CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY); } }
1.1.5、回調接口
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; /** * 回調接口 */ @Component @Slf4j public class MyCallBack implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback { @Autowired RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @PostConstruct public void init(){ rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this); } /** * 交換機接受失敗後進行回調 * 1. 保存消息的ID及相關消息 * 2. 是否接收成功 * 3. 接受失敗的原因 * @param correlationData * @param b * @param s */ @Override public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean b, String s) { String id = correlationData != null ? correlationData.getId() : ""; if(b == true){ log.info("交換機已經收到id為:{}的消息",id); }else{ log.info("交換機還未收到id為:{}消息,由於原因:{}",id,s); } } }
1.1.6、生產者
import com.xiao.springbootrabbitmq.utils.MyCallBack; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; @RestController @RequestMapping("/confirm") @Slf4j public class Producer { public static final String CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME = "confirm_exchange"; @Autowired RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @GetMapping("/sendMessage/{message}") public void sendMessage(@PathVariable String message){ CorrelationData correlationData1 = new CorrelationData("1"); String routingKey1 = "key1"; rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME,routingKey1,message + routingKey1,correlationData1); CorrelationData correlationData2 = new CorrelationData("2"); String routingKey2 = "key2"; rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME,routingKey2,message + routingKey2,correlationData2); log.info("發送得內容是:{}",message); } }
1.1.7、消費者
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component @Slf4j public class ConfirmConsumer { public static final String CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME = "confirm_queue"; @RabbitListener(queues = CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME) public void receiveMessage(Message message){ String msg = new String(message.getBody()); log.info("接收到隊列" + CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME + "消息:{}",msg); } }
1.1.8、測試結果
1. 第一種情況
ID
為1
的消息正常送達,ID
為2
的消息由於RoutingKey
的錯誤,導致不能正常被消費,但是交換機還是正常收到瞭消息,所以此時由於交換機正常接收之後的原因丟失的消息不能正常被接收。
2. 第二種情況
我們再上一種情況下修改瞭ID
為1
的消息的交換機的名稱,所以此時回調函數會進行回答由於什麼原因導致交換機無法接收成功消息。
1.2、回退消息
1.2.1、Mandatory參數
- 在僅開啟瞭生產者確認機制的情況下,交換機接收到消息後,會直接給消息生產者發送確認消息,如果發現該消息不可路由(就是消息被交換機成功接收後,無法到達隊列),那麼消息會直接被丟棄,此時生產者是不知道消息被丟棄這個事件的。
- 通過設置該參數可以在消息傳遞過程中不可達目的地時將消息返回給生產者。
1.2.2、配置文件
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
需要在配置文件種開啟返回回調
1.2.3、生產者代碼
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; @RestController @RequestMapping("/confirm") @Slf4j public class Producer { public static final String CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME = "confirm_exchange"; @Autowired RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @GetMapping("/sendMessage/{message}") public void sendMessage(@PathVariable String message){ CorrelationData correlationData1 = new CorrelationData("1"); String routingKey1 = "key1"; rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME,routingKey1,message + routingKey1,correlationData1); log.info("發送得內容是:{}",message + routingKey1); CorrelationData correlationData2 = new CorrelationData("2"); String routingKey2 = "key2"; rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME,routingKey2,message + routingKey2,correlationData2); log.info("發送得內容是:{}",message + routingKey2); } }
1.2.4、回調接口代碼
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.core.ReturnedMessage; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; /** * 回調接口 */ @Component @Slf4j public class MyCallBack implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback,RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback { @Autowired RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @PostConstruct public void init(){ rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this); rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(this); } /** * 交換機接受失敗後進行回調 * 1. 保存消息的ID及相關消息 * 2. 是否接收成功 * 3. 接受失敗的原因 * @param correlationData * @param b * @param s */ @Override public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean b, String s) { String id = correlationData != null ? correlationData.getId() : ""; if(b == true){ log.info("交換機已經收到id為:{}的消息",id); }else{ log.info("交換機還未收到id為:{}消息,由於原因:{}",id,s); } } @Override public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returnedMessage) { Message message = returnedMessage.getMessage(); String exchange = returnedMessage.getExchange(); String routingKey = returnedMessage.getRoutingKey(); String replyText = returnedMessage.getReplyText(); log.error("消息{},被交換機{}退回,回退原因:{},路由Key:{}",new String(message.getBody()),exchange,replyText,routingKey); } }
1.2.5、測試結果
其他類的代碼與上一小節案例相同
ID
為2
的消息由於RoutingKey
不可路由,但是還是被回調函數處理瞭。
1.3、備份交換機
1.3.1、代碼架構圖
這裡我們新增瞭備份交換機、備份隊列、報警隊列。它們綁定關系如圖所示。如果確認交換機成功接收的消息無法路由到相應的隊列,就會被確認交換機發送給備份交換機。
1.3.2、配置類代碼
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class ConfirmConfig { public static final String CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME = "confirm_exchange"; public static final String CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME = "confirm_queue"; public static final String BACKUP_EXCHANGE_NAME = "backup_exchange"; public static final String BACKUP_QUEUE_NAME = "backup_queue"; public static final String WARNING_QUEUE_NAME = "warning_queue"; public static final String CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY = "key1"; @Bean("confirmExchange") public DirectExchange confirmExchange(){ return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME).durable(true) .withArgument("alternate-exchange",BACKUP_EXCHANGE_NAME).build(); } @Bean("confirmQueue") public Queue confirmQueue(){ return QueueBuilder.durable(CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME).build(); } @Bean("backupExchange") public FanoutExchange backupExchange(){ return new FanoutExchange(BACKUP_EXCHANGE_NAME); } @Bean("backupQueue") public Queue backupQueue(){ return QueueBuilder.durable(BACKUP_QUEUE_NAME).build(); } @Bean("warningQueue") public Queue warningQueue(){ return QueueBuilder.durable(WARNING_QUEUE_NAME).build(); } @Bean public Binding queueBindingExchange(@Qualifier("confirmExchange") DirectExchange confirmExchange, @Qualifier("confirmQueue") Queue confirmQueue){ return BindingBuilder.bind(confirmQueue).to(confirmExchange).with(CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY); } @Bean public Binding queueBindingExchange1(@Qualifier("backupExchange") FanoutExchange backupExchange, @Qualifier("backupQueue") Queue backupQueue){ return BindingBuilder.bind(backupQueue).to(backupExchange); } @Bean public Binding queueBindingExchange2(@Qualifier("backupExchange") FanoutExchange backupExchange, @Qualifier("warningQueue") Queue warningQueue){ return BindingBuilder.bind(warningQueue).to(backupExchange); } }
1.3.3、消費者代碼
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component @Slf4j public class WarningConsumer { public static final String WARNING_QUEUE_NAME = "warning_queue"; @RabbitListener(queues = WARNING_QUEUE_NAME) public void receiveMessage(Message message){ String msg = new String(message.getBody()); log.info("報警發現不可路由的消息內容為:{}",msg); } }
1.3.4、測試結果
mandatory參數與備份交換機可以一起使用的時候,如果兩者同時開啟,備份交換機優先級高。
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