C語言動態鏈表實現學生學籍管理系統
本文實例為大傢分享瞭C語言利用動態鏈表實現學生學籍管理系統的具體代碼，供大傢參考，具體內容如下
/*
* C語言學生信息管理系統（動態鏈表版）
* 作者：cbc
* 時間：2018年6月7日
* 功能：增添新鍵數據、修改刪除數據、查詢統計數據
* 平臺：windows
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <windows.h>
# define LEN sizeof(struct Student)
struct Student {
char num[10]; /*學號*/
char name[20]; /*姓名*/
char sex[10]; /*性別*/
int age; /*年齡*/
char phone[12];/*電話*/
char qq[12]; /*QQ號*/
char nativePlace[20];/*籍貫*/
char department[20];/*系別*/
char major[20];/*專業*/
char className[20];/*班級*/
struct Student *next;
};
char filename[30];//全局變量，用來保存要打開的文件名字
/*生成鏈表*/
struct Student *Creat(int n) {
void menu_print_in(void);
struct Student *head;
struct Student *p1, *p2;
int i;
system("cls");
for (i = 1;i < n + 1;i++) {
p1 = (struct Student*)malloc(LEN);
menu_print_in();
scanf("%s %s %s %d %s %s %s %s %s %s", p1->num, p1->name, p1->sex,
&p1->age, p1->phone, p1->qq,p1->nativePlace,p1->department,p1->major,p1->className);
p1->next = NULL;
if (i == 1) {
head = p2 = p1;
}
else {
p2->next = p1;
p2 = p1;
}
}
return(head);
}
/*數據存盤(wb隻寫)*/
void WriteData_wb(struct Student *head) {
FILE *fp;
struct Student *p;
if ((fp = fopen(filename, "wb")) == NULL)
printf("\a error! Can not open the file!");
p = head;
while (p != NULL) {
if (fwrite(p, LEN, 1, fp) != 1) {
printf("寫入數據出錯\n");
fclose(fp);
return;
}
p = p->next;
}
fclose(fp);
}
/*數據存盤(ab追加)
void WriteData_ab(struct Student *head) {
FILE *fp;
struct Student *p;
if ((fp = fopen(filename, "ab")) == NULL)
printf("\a error! Can not open the file!");
p = head;
while (p != NULL) {
if (fwrite(p, LEN, 1, fp) != 1) {
printf("寫入數據出錯\n");
fclose(fp);
return;
}
p = p->next;
}
fclose(fp);
}
/*讀取數據*/
/*讀取數據文件保存到鏈表中 ，返回指向此鏈表頭指針*/
struct Student *ReadData(void) {
struct Student *head = NULL;
struct Student *p1, *p2;//s = p1;p = p2;
FILE *fp;
if ((fp = fopen(filename, "rb+")) == NULL)
{
printf("打開文件出錯\n");
exit(0);
}
while (!feof(fp)) {
if ((p1 = (struct Student*)malloc(LEN)) == NULL) {
printf("內存申請出錯\n");
fclose(fp);
exit(0);
}
if (fread(p1, LEN, 1, fp) != 1) {
free(p1);
break;
}
if (head == NULL)
head = p2 = p1;
else {
p2->next = p1;
p2 = p1;
}
}
fclose(fp);
return (head);
}
/*【1】全量查詢*/
void Print_inquire_all(void) {
void menu_print_out(void);
struct Student *pt;
pt = ReadData();
menu_print_out();
do {
printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s %s %s %s %s\n",
pt->num, pt->name, pt->sex, pt->age, pt->phone, pt->qq, pt->nativePlace, pt->department, pt->major, pt->className);
pt = pt->next;
} while (pt != NULL);
printf("\n\n");
}
/*【2】學號查詢*/
int Print_inquire_num() {
void menu_print_out(void);
struct Student *pt;
char str_num[10];
printf("◎請輸入您要查詢的學號:");
scanf("%s", str_num);
pt = ReadData();
menu_print_out();
do {
if (strcmp(pt->num, str_num) == 0) {
printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s %s %s %s %s\n",
pt->num, pt->name, pt->sex, pt->age, pt->phone, pt->qq, pt->nativePlace, pt->department, pt->major, pt->className);
printf("\n\n");
return 0;
}
pt = pt->next;
} while (pt != NULL);
printf("數據庫中沒有存儲您要查詢的數據！\n");
printf("\n\n");
return 0;
}
/*【3】姓名查詢*/
int Print_inquire_name() {
void menu_print_out(void);
struct Student *pt;
char str_name[20];
printf("◎請輸入您要查詢的姓名:");
scanf("%s", str_name);
pt = ReadData();
menu_print_out();
do {
if (strcmp(pt->name, str_name) == 0) {
printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s %s %s %s %s\n",
pt->num, pt->name, pt->sex, pt->age, pt->phone, pt->qq, pt->nativePlace, pt->department, pt->major, pt->className);
printf("\n\n");
return 0;
}
pt = pt->next;
} while (pt != NULL);
printf("數據庫中沒有存儲您要查詢的數據！\n");
printf("\n\n");
return 0;
}
/*【4】模糊查詢*/
int Print_inquire_fuzzy(void) {
void menu_print_out(void);
struct Student *pt;
char str_find[20];
int m = 0;
printf("◎請輸入您要查詢的關鍵詞:");
scanf("%s", str_find);
pt = ReadData();
menu_print_out();
do {
if (strstr(pt->num, str_find) != 0 || strstr(pt->name, str_find) != 0
|| strstr(pt->sex, str_find) != 0 || strstr(pt->phone, str_find) != 0
|| strstr(pt->qq, str_find) != 0) {
printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s %s %s %s %s\n",
pt->num, pt->name, pt->sex, pt->age, pt->phone, pt->qq, pt->nativePlace, pt->department, pt->major, pt->className);
m = 1;
}
pt = pt->next;
} while (pt != NULL);
if (!m)
printf("數據庫中沒有存儲您要查詢的數據！\n");
printf("\n\n");
return 0;
}
/*【1】修改數據之刪除記錄*/
int Delete() {
struct Student *pt1, *pt2, *head;
char str_num[20];
printf("\n◎請輸入您要刪除的學號信息:");
scanf("%s", str_num);
pt1 = ReadData();
pt2 = pt1->next;
head = pt1;
while (pt2 != NULL) {
if (strcmp(pt1->num, str_num) == 0) {
WriteData_wb(pt2);
}
else if (strcmp(pt2->num, str_num) == 0) {
pt1->next = pt2->next;
WriteData_wb(head);
}
pt2 = pt2->next;
pt1 = pt1->next;
}
if (pt2 != NULL)
printf("數據庫中沒有存儲您要刪除的數據！\n");
printf("\n\n");
return 0;
}
/*【2】修改數據之修改記錄*/
int Amend() {
void menu_print_in(void);
struct Student *pt1, *pt2, *head;
char str_num[20];
printf("◎請輸入您要修改的學號信息:");
scanf("%s", str_num);
pt1 = ReadData();
pt2 = pt1->next;
head = pt1;
while (pt2 != NULL) {
if (strcmp(pt1->num, str_num) == 0) {
menu_print_in();
scanf("%s %s %s %d %s %s %s %s %s %s", pt1->num, pt1->name, pt1->sex,
&pt1->age, pt1->phone, pt1->qq, pt1->nativePlace, pt1->department, pt1->major, pt1->className);
WriteData_wb(head);
}
else if (strcmp(pt2->num, str_num) == 0) {
menu_print_in();
scanf("%s %s %s %d %s %s %s %s %s %s", pt2->num, pt2->name, pt2->sex,
&pt2->age, pt2->phone, pt2->qq, pt2->nativePlace, pt2->department, pt2->major, pt2->className);
WriteData_wb(head);
}
pt2 = pt2->next;
pt1 = pt1->next;
}
if (pt2 != NULL)
printf("數據庫中沒有存儲您要刪除的數據！\n");
return 0;
}
/*【3】修改數據之整理數據*/
int Neaten() {
struct Student *first;
struct Student *tail;
struct Student *p_min;
struct Student *min;
struct Student *p;
struct Student *head;
head = ReadData();
first = NULL;
while (head != NULL) {
for (p = head, min = head; p->next != NULL; p = p->next) {
if (strcmp(p->next->num, min->num) < 0) {
p_min = p;
min = p->next;
}
}
if (first == NULL) {
first = min;
tail = min;
}
else {
tail->next = min;
tail = min;
}
if (min == head) {
head = head->next;
}
else {
p_min->next = min->next;
}
}
if (first != NULL) {
tail->next = NULL;
}
head = first;
WriteData_wb(head);
return 0;
}
/*輸入寫入數據的數量*/
int Creat_num(void) {
int n;
printf("\n◎請輸入您此次要添加的數據個數:");
if (scanf("%d", &n) != 1) {
printf("\a error!");
}
return n;
}
/*選擇將要打開的文件*/
int File_name() {
printf("\n◎請輸入您想要打開的文件:");
if (scanf("%s", filename) != 1)
printf("\a error!");
return 0;
}
/*主菜單*/
void menu(void) {
void menu_add(void);
void menu_inquire(void);
void menu_amend(void);
int a = 0;
printf(" ╭════════╮ \n");
printf("╭══════╣學生管理系統V1.0╠══════╮\n");
printf("║ ╰════════╯ ║\n");
printf("║ 【1】添加數據 【3】修改數據 ║\n");
printf("║ ║\n");
printf("║ 【2】查詢數據 【4】退出系統 ║\n");
printf("║ ║\n");
printf("╰══════════════════════╯\n");
printf("◎請輸入功能前的序號進入相應的工具:【 】\b\b");
a = getchar();
while (a != '1'&&a != '2'&&a != '3'&&a != '4') {
printf("error! please input the right number!\n");
putchar('\a');
getchar();
printf("◎請重新輸入功能前的序號進入相應的工具:【 】\b\b");
a = getchar();
}
switch (a) {
case '1': File_name();menu_add();
break;
case '2': File_name();menu_inquire();
break;
case '3': File_name();menu_amend();
break;
case '4': exit(0);
break;
}
getchar();
}
/*二級菜單之添加數據*/
void menu_add(void) {
int a = 0;
system("cls");
getchar();
printf(" ╭════════╮ \n");
printf("╭══════╣ 添加數據方式 ╠══════╮\n");
printf("║ ╰════════╯ ║\n");
printf("║ 【1】新建文件 【2】增添數據 【3】返回菜單 ║\n");
printf("║ ║\n");
printf("╰══════════════════════╯\n");
printf("◎請輸入功能前的序號進入相應的工具:【 】\b\b");
a = getchar();
while (a != '1'&&a != '2'&&a != '3') {
printf("error! please input the right number!\n");
putchar('\a');
getchar();
printf("◎請重新輸入功能前的序號進入相應的工具:【 】\b\b");
a = getchar();
}
switch (a) {
case '1': WriteData_wb(Creat(Creat_num()));
printf("\n◎新建文件成功且數據已成功保存◎\n");
system("pause");
system("cls");
menu_add();
break;
case '2': WriteData_ab(Creat(Creat_num()));
printf("\n◎數據已成功添加◎\n");
system("pause");
system("cls");
menu_add();
break;
case '3': system("cls");
getchar();
menu();
break;
}
}
/*二級菜單之查詢數據*/
void menu_inquire(void) {
int a = 0;
system("cls");
getchar();
while (1) {
system("cls");
printf(" ╭════════╮ \n");
printf("╭══════╣ 查詢數據方式 ╠══════╮\n");
printf("║ ╰════════╯ ║\n");
printf("║ 【1】全量查詢 【4】模糊查詢 ║\n");
printf("║ ║\n");
printf("║ 【2】學號查詢 【5】返回菜單 ║\n");
printf("║ ║\n");
printf("║ 【3】姓名查詢 ║\n");
printf("╰══════════════════════╯\n");
printf("◎請輸入功能前的序號進入相應的工具:【 】\b\b");
a = getchar();
while (a != '1'&&a != '2'&&a != '3'&&a != '3'&&a != '4'&&a != '5'&&a != '6') {
printf("error! please input the right number!\n");
putchar('\a');
getchar();
printf("◎請重新輸入功能前的序號進入相應的工具:【 】\b\b");
a = getchar();
}
switch (a) {
case '1': Print_inquire_all();system("pause");getchar();
break;
case '2': Print_inquire_num();system("pause");getchar();
break;
case '3': Print_inquire_name();system("pause");getchar();
break;
case '4': Print_inquire_fuzzy();system("pause");getchar();;
break;
case '5': system("cls");getchar();menu();
break;
}
}
}
/*二級菜單之修改數據*/
void menu_amend(void) {
int a = 0;
system("cls");
getchar();
while (1) {
system("cls");
printf(" ╭════════╮ \n");
printf("╭══════╣ 修改數據方式 ╠══════╮\n");
printf("║ ╰════════╯ ║\n");
printf("║ 【1】刪除記錄 【3】整理數據 ║\n");
printf("║ ║\n");
printf("║ 【2】修改記錄 【4】返回菜單 ║\n");
printf("╰══════════════════════╯\n");
printf("◎請輸入功能前的序號進入相應的工具:【 】\b\b");
a = getchar();
while (a != '1'&&a != '2'&&a != '3'&&a != '4') {
printf("error! please input the right number!\n");
putchar('\a');
getchar();
printf("◎請重新輸入功能前的序號進入相應的工具:【 】\b\b");
a = getchar();
}
switch (a) {
case '1': Delete();
printf("\n\n◎已成功刪除指定數據◎\n");
system("pause");
getchar();
break;
case '2': Amend();
printf("\n\n◎已成功修改指定數據◎\n");
system("pause");
getchar();
break;
case '3': Neaten();
printf("\n\n◎數據已成功按照學號重新排列◎\n");
system("pause");
getchar();
break;
case '4': system("cls");
getchar();
menu();
break;
}
}
}
/*輸入輸出提示欄*/
void menu_print_in(void) {
printf("------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("學號 姓名 性別 年齡 電話 QQ 籍貫 系別 專業 班級 \n");
printf("------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}
void menu_print_out(void) {
printf("--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("學號 姓名 性別 年齡 電話 QQ 籍貫 系別 專業 班級 \n");
printf("--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}
/*主函數*/
int main(void) {
SetConsoleTitle(L"學生學籍管理系統");
menu();
return 0;
}
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