C#利用FileSystemWatcher實時監控文件的增加,修改,重命名和刪除
好多時候,我們都需要知道某些目錄下的文件什麼時候被修改、刪除過等,如果能用miniFilter驅動過濾來做的話當然是最好不過瞭,這是內核級別的,當然也比較復雜。如果隻是簡單的記錄就沒必要用驅動過濾級別的來做瞭,用FileSystemWatcher來做就要簡單得多。
FileSystemWatcher組件可以監視文件系統,並在文件系統發生改變時作出反應。FileSystemWatcher 常用於文件系統變更的監控,當被監視的文件夾目錄被創建、修改、重命名或刪除時,會觸發以下事件:
1.Created: 當新建文件或者文件夾
2.Changed:當文件或者文件夾已經完成修改
3.Renamed:當文件或者文件夾完成重命名
4.Deleted:當文件或者文件夾被刪除
5.Error:當變更過程發生錯誤
下面我們一起來完成一個文件監控實例。
一、實例化FileSystemWatcher類,並註冊監聽事件
//創建一個FileSystemWatcher,並設置其屬性 FileSystemWatcher fileSystemWatcher = new FileSystemWatcher(); //設置監控的路徑 fileSystemWatcher.Path = “監控路徑”; //是否監控指定路徑中的子目錄 fileSystemWatcher.IncludeSubdirectories = true; //啟用 fileSystemWatcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true; //註冊監聽事件,Created、Changed、Deleted三個事件傳遞的參數是一樣的,我們就用同一個方法來處理就可以瞭 fileSystemWatcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler); fileSystemWatcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler); fileSystemWatcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler); fileSystemWatcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_Renamed); fileSystemWatcher.Error += new ErrorEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_Error);
二、事件處理
FileSystemEventArgs 對象成員有:Name、OldName、ChangeType、FullPath、OldFullPath等,看名就明白是什麼瞭,這裡不做過多解釋。
//創建一個FileSystemWatcher,並設置其屬性 FileSystemWatcher fileSystemWatcher = new FileSystemWatcher(); //設置監控的路徑 fileSystemWatcher.Path = “監控路徑”; //是否監控指定路徑中的子目錄 fileSystemWatcher.IncludeSubdirectories = true; //啟用 fileSystemWatcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true; //Created、Changed、Deleted三個事件的處理方法 private static void FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler(object sender, FileSystemEventArgs e) { Invoke(new Action(new Action(() => { Console.WriteLine(e.Name+e.FullPath); }))); } //重命名事件的處理方法 private void FileSystemWatcher_Renamed(object sender, RenamedEventArgs e) { Invoke(new Action(new Action(() => { Console.WriteLine(e.OldName+e.Name+e.FullPath); }))); } //錯誤事件的處理方法 private void FileSystemWatcher_Error(object sender, ErrorEventArgs e) { Invoke(new Action(new Action(() => { Console.WriteLine(e.ToString())); }))); }
這裡需要註意一個問題:因為FileSystemWatcher類本身就是一個多線程的控件,在實例化一個FileSystemWatcher時就自動創建瞭一個線程,在事件處理的方法中需要使用委托的方式封送到主線程中處理。
//聲明傳遞文件Created、Changed、Deleted對象和委托,用於文件增加、刪除、修改時更新UI界面 private delegate void setLogDelegate(FileSystemEventArgs e);
三、展示監控記錄
監控的記錄可以保存到文件和數據庫中,這裡就增加一個listView來展示就好瞭
代碼:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace FileWatcher { public partial class Form1 : Form { private delegate void renameDelegate(RenamedEventArgs e); //聲明傳遞RenamedEventArgs對象和委托,用於文件Renamed時更新UI界面 private delegate void setLogDelegate(FileSystemEventArgs e); //聲明傳遞文件Created、Changed、Deleted對象和委托,用於文件增加、刪除、修改時更新UI界面 private FileSystemWatcher fileSystemWatcher = new FileSystemWatcher(); private ColumnHeader chTime = new ColumnHeader(); private ColumnHeader chEvent = new ColumnHeader(); private ColumnHeader chFile = new ColumnHeader(); private ColumnHeader chPath = new ColumnHeader(); public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); chTime.TextAlign = HorizontalAlignment.Center; chTime.Width = 130; chTime.Text = "時間"; this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chTime); chEvent.TextAlign = HorizontalAlignment.Center; chEvent.Width = 80; chEvent.Text = "事件"; this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chEvent); chFile.Width = 270; chFile.Text = "文件"; this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chFile); chPath.Width = this.listViewInfo.Width - chTime.Width - chEvent.Width - chFile.Width - 21; chPath.Text = "位置"; this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chPath); ColumnHeader chEnd = new ColumnHeader(); chEnd.Width = 17; chEnd.Text = ""; this.listViewInfo.Columns.Add(chEnd); this.listViewInfo.View = View.Details; this.listViewInfo.GridLines = true; fileSystemWatcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler); fileSystemWatcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler); fileSystemWatcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler); fileSystemWatcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_Renamed); fileSystemWatcher.Error += new ErrorEventHandler(FileSystemWatcher_Error); fileSystemWatcher.IncludeSubdirectories = true; fileSystemWatcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true; } #region 文件增加、刪除、修改時被調用的處理方法 private void FileSystemWatcher_EventHandler(object sender, FileSystemEventArgs e) { if (listViewInfo.InvokeRequired) //判斷是否跨線程 { listViewInfo.Invoke(new setLogDelegate(SetLog), new object[] { e });//使用委托將方法封送到UI主線程處理 } } private void SetLog(FileSystemEventArgs e) { string strLog = ""; switch (e.ChangeType.ToString()) { case "Created": strLog = "文件創建"; break; case "Changed": strLog = "文件修改"; break; case "Deleted": strLog = "文件刪除"; break; default: strLog = e.ChangeType.ToString(); break; } ListViewItem lvi = new ListViewItem(); lvi.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); lvi.SubItems.Add(strLog); lvi.SubItems.Add(e.Name); lvi.SubItems.Add(e.FullPath.Replace(e.Name,"")); listViewInfo.Items.Add(lvi); } #endregion #region 重命名方法 private void FileSystemWatcher_Renamed(object sender, RenamedEventArgs e) { if (listViewInfo.InvokeRequired) { listViewInfo.Invoke(new renameDelegate(SetRenamedLog), new object[]{e}); } } private void SetRenamedLog(RenamedEventArgs e) { //listViewInfo.Items.Add(string.Format("重命名:{0} 被換名為:{1}, {2}", e.OldName, e.Name, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); ListViewItem lvi = new ListViewItem(); lvi.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); lvi.SubItems.Add("文件重命名"); lvi.SubItems.Add(e.OldName + "被換名為:" + e.Name); lvi.SubItems.Add(e.FullPath.Replace(e.Name, "")); listViewInfo.Items.Add(lvi); } #endregion #region 錯誤事件的方法 private void FileSystemWatcher_Error(object sender, ErrorEventArgs e) { if (listViewInfo.InvokeRequired) //判斷是否跨線程 { //使用委托處理 Invoke(new Action(new Action(() => { listViewInfo.Items.Add(string.Format("文件出錯:{0}, {1}", e.ToString(), DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); }))); } } #endregion } }
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