深入分析Golang Server源碼實現過程

func (srv *Server) Serve(l net.Listener) error {
	......
	for {
		rw, err := l.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			select {
			case <-srv.getDoneChan():
				return ErrServerClosed
			default:
			}
			if ne, ok := err.(net.Error); ok && ne.Temporary() {
				if tempDelay == 0 {
					tempDelay = 5 * time.Millisecond
				} else {
					tempDelay *= 2
				}
				if max := 1 * time.Second; tempDelay > max {
					tempDelay = max
				}
				srv.logf("http: Accept error: %v; retrying in %v", err, tempDelay)
				time.Sleep(tempDelay)
				continue
			}
			return err
		}
		connCtx := ctx
		if cc := srv.ConnContext; cc != nil {
			connCtx = cc(connCtx, rw)
			if connCtx == nil {
				panic("ConnContext returned nil")
			}
		}
		tempDelay = 0
		c := srv.newConn(rw)
		c.setState(c.rwc, StateNew, runHooks) // before Serve can return
		go c.serve(connCtx)
	}
}

func (c *conn) serve(ctx context.Context) {
	......
	// HTTP/1.x from here on.
	ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(ctx)
	c.cancelCtx = cancelCtx
	defer cancelCtx()
	c.r = &connReader{conn: c}
	c.bufr = newBufioReader(c.r)
	c.bufw = newBufioWriterSize(checkConnErrorWriter{c}, 4<<10)
	for {
		w, err := c.readRequest(ctx)
		if c.r.remain != c.server.initialReadLimitSize() {
			// If we read any bytes off the wire, we're active.
			c.setState(c.rwc, StateActive, runHooks)
		}
		if err != nil {
			const errorHeaders = "\r\nContent-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"
			switch {
			case err == errTooLarge:
				// Their HTTP client may or may not be
				// able to read this if we're
				// responding to them and hanging up
				// while they're still writing their
				// request. Undefined behavior.
				const publicErr = "431 Request Header Fields Too Large"
				fmt.Fprintf(c.rwc, "HTTP/1.1 "+publicErr+errorHeaders+publicErr)
				c.closeWriteAndWait()
				return
			case isUnsupportedTEError(err):
				// Respond as per RFC 7230 Section 3.3.1 which says,
				//      A server that receives a request message with a
				//      transfer coding it does not understand SHOULD
				//      respond with 501 (Unimplemented).
				code := StatusNotImplemented
				// We purposefully aren't echoing back the transfer-encoding's value,
				// so as to mitigate the risk of cross side scripting by an attacker.
				fmt.Fprintf(c.rwc, "HTTP/1.1 %d %s%sUnsupported transfer encoding", code, StatusText(code), errorHeaders)
				return
			case isCommonNetReadError(err):
				return // don't reply
			default:
				if v, ok := err.(statusError); ok {
					fmt.Fprintf(c.rwc, "HTTP/1.1 %d %s: %s%s%d %s: %s", v.code, StatusText(v.code), v.text, errorHeaders, v.code, StatusText(v.code), v.text)
					return
				}
				publicErr := "400 Bad Request"
				fmt.Fprintf(c.rwc, "HTTP/1.1 "+publicErr+errorHeaders+publicErr)
				return
			}
		}
		// Expect 100 Continue support
		req := w.req
		if req.expectsContinue() {
			if req.ProtoAtLeast(1, 1) && req.ContentLength != 0 {
				// Wrap the Body reader with one that replies on the connection
				req.Body = &expectContinueReader{readCloser: req.Body, resp: w}
				w.canWriteContinue.setTrue()
			}
		} else if req.Header.get("Expect") != "" {
			w.sendExpectationFailed()
			return
		}
		c.curReq.Store(w)
		if requestBodyRemains(req.Body) {
			registerOnHitEOF(req.Body, w.conn.r.startBackgroundRead)
		} else {
			w.conn.r.startBackgroundRead()
		}
		// HTTP cannot have multiple simultaneous active requests.[*]
		// Until the server replies to this request, it can't read another,
		// so we might as well run the handler in this goroutine.
		// [*] Not strictly true: HTTP pipelining. We could let them all process
		// in parallel even if their responses need to be serialized.
		// But we're not going to implement HTTP pipelining because it
		// was never deployed in the wild and the answer is HTTP/2.
		inFlightResponse = w
		serverHandler{c.server}.ServeHTTP(w, w.req)
		inFlightResponse = nil
		w.cancelCtx()
		if c.hijacked() {
			return
		}
		w.finishRequest()
		if !w.shouldReuseConnection() {
			if w.requestBodyLimitHit || w.closedRequestBodyEarly() {
				c.closeWriteAndWait()
			}
			return
		}
		c.setState(c.rwc, StateIdle, runHooks)
		c.curReq.Store((*response)(nil))
		if !w.conn.server.doKeepAlives() {
			// We're in shutdown mode. We might've replied
			// to the user without "Connection: close" and
			// they might think they can send another
			// request, but such is life with HTTP/1.1.
			return
		}
		if d := c.server.idleTimeout(); d != 0 {
			c.rwc.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(d))
			if _, err := c.bufr.Peek(4); err != nil {
				return
			}
		}
		c.rwc.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
	}
}

switch {
	case t.Chunked:
		if noResponseBodyExpected(t.RequestMethod) || !bodyAllowedForStatus(t.StatusCode) {
			t.Body = NoBody
		} else {
			t.Body = &body{src: internal.NewChunkedReader(r), hdr: msg, r: r, closing: t.Close}
		}
	case realLength == 0:
		t.Body = NoBody
	case realLength > 0:
		t.Body = &body{src: io.LimitReader(r, realLength), closing: t.Close}
	default:
		// realLength < 0, i.e. "Content-Length" not mentioned in header
		if t.Close {
			// Close semantics (i.e. HTTP/1.0)
			t.Body = &body{src: r, closing: t.Close}
		} else {
			// Persistent connection (i.e. HTTP/1.1)
			t.Body = NoBody
		}
	}

func (l *LimitedReader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	if l.N <= 0 {
		return 0, EOF
	}
	if int64(len(p)) > l.N {
		p = p[0:l.N]
	}
	n, err = l.R.Read(p)
	l.N -= int64(n)
	return
}

if requestBodyRemains(req.Body) {
    registerOnHitEOF(req.Body, w.conn.r.startBackgroundRead)
} else {
    w.conn.r.startBackgroundRead()
}

func (cr *connReader) backgroundRead() {
	n, err := cr.conn.rwc.Read(cr.byteBuf[:])
	cr.lock()
	if n == 1 {
		cr.hasByte = true
		......
	}
	if ne, ok := err.(net.Error); ok && cr.aborted && ne.Timeout() {
		// Ignore this error. It's the expected error from
		// another goroutine calling abortPendingRead.
	} else if err != nil {
		cr.handleReadError(err)
	}
	cr.aborted = false
	cr.inRead = false
	cr.unlock()
	cr.cond.Broadcast()
}
func (cr *connReader) handleReadError(_ error) {
	cr.conn.cancelCtx()
	cr.closeNotify()
}
// may be called from multiple goroutines.
func (cr *connReader) closeNotify() {
	res, _ := cr.conn.curReq.Load().(*response)
	if res != nil && atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&res.didCloseNotify, 0, 1) {
		res.closeNotifyCh <- true
	}
}