Spring Boot中快速操作Mongodb數據庫指南
前言
在Spring Boot中集成Mongodb非常簡單,隻需要加入Mongodb的Starter包即可,代碼如下:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId> </dependency>
然後配置Mongodb的連接信息:
spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://192.168.0.13/test
完整配置信息請參考下面:
spring.data.mongodb.authentication-database= # Authentication database name. spring.data.mongodb.database= # Database name. spring.data.mongodb.field-naming-strategy= # Fully qualified name of the FieldNamingStrategy to use. spring.data.mongodb.grid-fs-database= # GridFS database name. spring.data.mongodb.host= # Mongo server host. Cannot be set with URI. spring.data.mongodb.password= # Login password of the mongo server. Cannot be set with URI. spring.data.mongodb.port= # Mongo server port. Cannot be set with URI. spring.data.mongodb.repositories.type=auto # Type of Mongo repositories to enable. spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://localhost/test # Mongo database URI. Cannot be set with host, port and credentials. spring.data.mongodb.username= # Login user of the mongo server. Cannot be set with URI.
配置好瞭之後就直接可以註入MongoTemplate操作數據瞭
添加數據
首先創建一個實體類,我們這邊用文章來做實體類,定義如下字段:
import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Field; /** * 文章信息 * @author yinjihuan * */ @Document(collection = "article_info") public class Article { @Id private String id; @Field("title") private String title; @Field("url") private String url; @Field("author") private String author; @Field("tags") private List<String> tags; @Field("visit_count") private Long visitCount; @Field("add_time") private Date addTime; //省略get set方法 }
實體類中的註解解釋如下:
1.Document註解標識這是一個文檔,等同mysql中的表,collection值表示mongodb中集合的名稱,不寫默認為實體類名article。
2.Id註解為主鍵標識
3.Field註解為字段標識,指定值為字段名稱,這邊有個小技巧,之所有spring-data.mongodb中有這樣的註解,是為瞭能夠讓用戶自定義字段名稱,可以和實體類不一致,還有個好處就是可以用縮寫,比如username我們可以配置成unane或者un,這樣的好處是節省瞭存儲空間,mongodb的存儲方式是key value形式的,每個key就會重復存儲,key其實就占瞭很大一份存儲空間。
接下來可以操作數據庫瞭,接著上次,在測試類裡寫代碼
@Autowired private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate; /** * 初始化文章信息 * @author yinjihuan */ public static void initArticle() { //循環添加 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Article article = new Article(); article.setTitle("MongoTemplate的基本使用"); article.setAuthor("yinjihuan"); article.setUrl("http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/" + i); article.setTags(Arrays.asList("java", "mongodb", "spring")); article.setVisitCount(0L); article.setAddTime(new Date()); mongoTemplate.save(article); } //批量添加 List<Article> articles = new ArrayList<>(10); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Article article = new Article(); article.setTitle("MongoTemplate的基本使用"); article.setAuthor("yinjihuan"); article.setUrl("http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/" + i); article.setTags(Arrays.asList("java", "mongodb", "spring")); article.setVisitCount(0L); article.setAddTime(new Date()); articles.add(article); } mongoTemplate.insert(articles, Article.class); }
在數據量大的情況下批量添加性能會更好哦。
刪除操作
//刪除author為yinjihuan的數據 Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan")); mongoTemplate.remove(query, Article.class);
//如果實體類中沒配集合名詞,可在刪除的時候單獨指定article_info query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan")); mongoTemplate.remove(query, "article_info");
//刪除集合,可傳實體類,也可以傳名稱 mongoTemplate.dropCollection(Article.class); mongoTemplate.dropCollection("article_info");
//刪除數據庫 mongoTemplate.getDb().dropDatabase();
下面這2種適合要知道刪除的數據有哪些的場景,比如記錄刪除的記錄
//查詢出符合條件的第一個結果,並將符合條件的數據刪除,隻會刪除第一條 query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan")); Article article = mongoTemplate.findAndRemove(query, Article.class);
//查詢出符合條件的所有結果,並將符合條件的所有數據刪除 query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan")); List<Article> articles = mongoTemplate.findAllAndRemove(query, Article.class);
修改操作
首先初始化需要修改的數據
{ "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"), "title": "MongoTemplate的基本使用", "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0", "author": "yinjihuan", "tags": [ "java", "mongodb", "spring" ], "visit_count": 0, "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z") } { "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"), "title": "MongoTemplate的基本使用", "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1", "author": "yinjihuan", "tags": [ "java", "mongodb", "spring" ], "visit_count": 0, "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z") }
//修改第一條author為yinjihuan的數據中的title和visitCount Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan")); Update update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("visitCount", 10); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, Article.class);
修改後結果如下,我們會發現第一條數據的title還有visit_count被修改瞭
{ "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"), "title": "MongoTemplate", "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0", "author": "yinjihuan", "tags": [ "java", "mongodb", "spring" ], "visit_count": 10, "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z") } { "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"), "title": "MongoTemplate的基本使用", "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1", "author": "yinjihuan", "tags": [ "java", "mongodb", "spring" ], "visit_count": 0, "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z") }
//修改全部符合條件的 query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan")); update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("visitCount", 10); mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
修改後結果如下,我們會發現所有數據的title還有visit_count被修改瞭
{ "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"), "title": "MongoTemplate", "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0", "author": "yinjihuan", "tags": [ "java", "mongodb", "spring" ], "visit_count": 10, "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z") } { "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"), "title": "MongoTemplate", "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1", "author": "yinjihuan", "tags": [ "java", "mongodb", "spring" ], "visit_count": 10, "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z") }
//特殊更新,更新author為jason的數據,如果沒有author為jason的數據則以此條件創建一條新的數據 //當沒有符合條件的文檔,就以這個條件和更新文檔為基礎創建一個新的文檔,如果找到匹配的文檔就正常的更新。 query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason")); update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("visitCount", 10); mongoTemplate.upsert(query, update, Article.class);
修改後結果如下,我們會發現新增瞭一條數據
{ "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"), "title": "MongoTemplate", "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0", "author": "yinjihuan", "tags": [ "java", "mongodb", "spring" ], "visit_count": 10, "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z") } { "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"), "title": "MongoTemplate", "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1", "author": "yinjihuan", "tags": [ "java", "mongodb", "spring" ], "visit_count": 10, "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z") } { "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"), "author": "jason", "title": "MongoTemplate", "visit_count": 10 }
//更新條件不變,更新字段改成瞭一個我們集合中不存在的,用set方法如果更新的key不存在則創建一個新的key query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason")); update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("money", 100); mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
修改後結果如下,我們會發現新加瞭一個key
{ "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"), "author": "jason", "title": "MongoTemplate", "visit_count": 10, "money":100 }
//update的inc方法用於做累加操作,將money在之前的基礎上加上100 query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason")); update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").inc("money", 100); mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
修改後結果如下,我們會發現money變成200
{ "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"), "author": "jason", "title": "MongoTemplate", "visit_count": 10, "money":200 }
//update的rename方法用於修改key的名稱 query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason")); update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").rename("visitCount", "vc"); mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
{ "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"), "author": "jason", "title": "MongoTemplate", "vc": 10, "money":200 }
//update的unset方法用於刪除key query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason")); update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").unset("vc"); mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
修改後結果如下,我們會發現vc這個key被刪除瞭
{ "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"), "author": "jason", "title": "MongoTemplate", "money":200 }
//update的pull方法用於刪除tags數組中的java query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan")); update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").pull("tags", "java"); mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
修改後結果如下,我們會發現tags裡的java被刪除瞭
{ "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"), "title": "MongoTemplate", "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0", "author": "yinjihuan", "tags": [ "mongodb", "spring" ], "visit_count": 10, "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z") } { "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"), "title": "MongoTemplate", "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1", "author": "yinjihuan", "tags": [ "mongodb", "spring" ], "visit_count": 10, "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z") }
查詢操作
查詢,無論是關系型數據庫還是mongodb這種nosql,都是使用比較多的,大部分操作都是讀的操作。
mongodb的查詢方式很多種,下面隻列瞭一些常用的,比如:
1.=查詢
2.模糊查詢
3.大於小於范圍查詢
4.in查詢
5.or查詢
6.查詢一條,查詢全部
7.自己慢慢學習…
根據作者查詢所有符合條件的數據,返回List
Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan")); List<Article> articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
隻查詢符合條件的第一條數據,返回Article對象
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan")); Article article = mongoTemplate.findOne(query, Article.class);
查詢集合中所有數據,不加條件
articles = mongoTemplate.findAll(Article.class);
查詢符合條件的數量
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan")); long count = mongoTemplate.count(query, Article.class);
根據主鍵ID查詢
article = mongoTemplate.findById(new ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"), Article.class);
in查詢
List<String> authors = Arrays.asList("yinjihuan", "jason"); query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").in(authors)); articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
ne(!=)查詢
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").ne("yinjihuan")); articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
lt(<)查詢訪問量小於10的文章
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("visitCount").lt(10)); articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
范圍查詢,大於5小於10
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("visitCount").gt(5).lt(10)); articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
模糊查詢,author中包含a的數據
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").regex("a")); articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
數組查詢,查詢tags裡數量為3的數據
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("tags").size(3)); articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
or查詢,查詢author=jason的或者visitCount=0的數據
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("").orOperator( Criteria.where("author").is("jason"), Criteria.where("visitCount").is(0))); articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
總結
到此這篇關於Spring Boot中如何快速操作Mongodb的文章就介紹到這瞭,更多相關SpringBoot操作Mongodb內容請搜索WalkonNet以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大傢以後多多支持WalkonNet!
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