golang構建HTTP服務的實現步驟

package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)
 
func IndexHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintln(w, "hello world")
}
 
func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", IndexHandler)
    http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.0:8000", nil)
}

type Handler interface {
    ServeHTTP(ResponseWriter, *Request)
}

type ServeMux struct {
    mu    sync.RWMutex
    m     map[string]muxEntry
    hosts bool 
}
 
type muxEntry struct {
    explicit bool
    h        Handler
    pattern  string
}

func ListenAndServe(addr string, handler Handler) error {
    server := &Server{Addr: addr, Handler: handler}
    return server.ListenAndServe()
}

type Server struct {
    Addr         string        
    Handler      Handler       
    ReadTimeout  time.Duration 
    WriteTimeout time.Duration 
    TLSConfig    *tls.Config   
 
    MaxHeaderBytes int
 
    TLSNextProto map[string]func(*Server, *tls.Conn, Handler)
 
    ConnState func(net.Conn, ConnState)
    ErrorLog *log.Logger
    disableKeepAlives int32     nextProtoOnce     sync.Once 
    nextProtoErr      error     
}

http.HandleFunc("/", indexHandler)

http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:8000", nil)
 
或者：
 
server := &Server{Addr: addr, Handler: handler}
 
server.ListenAndServe()

func HandleFunc(pattern string, handler func(ResponseWriter, *Request)) {
    DefaultServeMux.HandleFunc(pattern, handler)
}

// NewServeMux allocates and returns a new ServeMux.
func NewServeMux() *ServeMux {
    return new(ServeMux)
}
 
// DefaultServeMux is the default ServeMux used by Serve.
var DefaultServeMux = &defaultServeMux
 
var defaultServeMux ServeMux

   type Server struct{}
   server := Server{}

 var DefaultServer Server
  var server = &DefalutServer

func (mux *ServeMux) HandleFunc(pattern string, handler func(ResponseWriter, *Request)) {
    mux.Handle(pattern, HandlerFunc(handler))
}

type HandlerFunc func(ResponseWriter, *Request)
 
func (f HandlerFunc) ServeHTTP(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
    f(w, r)
}

func (mux *ServeMux) Handle(pattern string, handler Handler) {
    mux.mu.Lock()
    defer mux.mu.Unlock()
 
    if pattern == "" {
        panic("http: invalid pattern " + pattern)
    }
    if handler == nil {
        panic("http: nil handler")
    }
    if mux.m[pattern].explicit {
        panic("http: multiple registrations for " + pattern)
    }
 
    if mux.m == nil {
        mux.m = make(map[string]muxEntry)
    }
    mux.m[pattern] = muxEntry{explicit: true, h: handler, pattern: pattern}
 
    if pattern[0] != '/' {
        mux.hosts = true
    }
 
    n := len(pattern)
    if n > 0 && pattern[n-1] == '/' && !mux.m[pattern[0:n-1]].explicit {
 
        path := pattern
        if pattern[0] != '/' {
            path = pattern[strings.Index(pattern, "/"):]
        }
        url := &url.URL{Path: path}
        mux.m[pattern[0:n-1]] = muxEntry{h: RedirectHandler(url.String(), StatusMovedPermanently), pattern: pattern}
    }
}

func ListenAndServe(addr string, handler Handler) error {
    server := &Server{Addr: addr, Handler: handler}
    return server.ListenAndServe()
}
 
func (srv Server) ListenAndServe() error {
    addr := srv.Addr
    if addr == "" {
        addr = ":http"
    }
    ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    return srv.Serve(tcpKeepAliveListener{ln.(net.TCPListener)})
}

func (srv *Server) Serve(l net.Listener) error {
    defer l.Close()
    ...
 
    baseCtx := context.Background()
    ctx := context.WithValue(baseCtx, ServerContextKey, srv)
    ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, LocalAddrContextKey, l.Addr())
    for {
        rw, e := l.Accept()
        ...
        c := srv.newConn(rw)
        c.setState(c.rwc, StateNew) // before Serve can return
        go c.serve(ctx)
    }
}

func (c *conn) serve(ctx context.Context) {
    c.remoteAddr = c.rwc.RemoteAddr().String()
    defer func() {
        if err := recover(); err != nil {
            const size = 64 << 10
            buf := make([]byte, size)
            buf = buf[:runtime.Stack(buf, false)]
            c.server.logf("http: panic serving %v: %v\n%s", c.remoteAddr, err, buf)
        }
        if !c.hijacked() {
            c.close()
            c.setState(c.rwc, StateClosed)
        }
    }()
 
    ...
 
    for {
        w, err := c.readRequest(ctx)
        if c.r.remain != c.server.initialReadLimitSize() {
            // If we read any bytes off the wire, we're active.
            c.setState(c.rwc, StateActive)
        }
        ...
        
        }
        
        ...
    
        serverHandler{c.server}.ServeHTTP(w, w.req)
        w.cancelCtx()
        if c.hijacked() {
            return
        }
        w.finishRequest()
        if !w.shouldReuseConnection() {
            if w.requestBodyLimitHit || w.closedRequestBodyEarly() {
                c.closeWriteAndWait()
            }
            return
        }
        c.setState(c.rwc, StateIdle)
    }
}

type serverHandler struct {
    srv *Server
}
 
func (sh serverHandler) ServeHTTP(rw ResponseWriter, req Request) {
    handler := sh.srv.Handler
    if handler == nil {
        handler = DefaultServeMux
    }
    if req.RequestURI == "" && req.Method == "OPTIONS" {
        handler = globalOptionsHandler{}
    }
    handler.ServeHTTP(rw, req)
}

func (mux *ServeMux) (w ResponseWriter, r Request) {
    if r.RequestURI == "" {
        if r.ProtoAtLeast(1, 1) {
            w.Header().Set("Connection", "close")
        }
        w.WriteHeader(StatusBadRequest)
        return
    }
    h, _ := mux.Handler(r)
    h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
}
 
func (mux *ServeMux) Handler(r *Request) (h Handler, pattern string) {
    if r.Method != "CONNECT" {
        if p := cleanPath(r.URL.Path); p != r.URL.Path {
            _, pattern = mux.handler(r.Host, p)
            url := *r.URL
            url.Path = p
            return RedirectHandler(url.String(), StatusMovedPermanently), pattern
        }
    }
    return mux.handler(r.Host, r.URL.Path)
}
 
func (mux *ServeMux) handler(host, path string) (h Handler, pattern string) {
    mux.mu.RLock()
    defer mux.mu.RUnlock()
 
    // Host-specific pattern takes precedence over generic ones
    if mux.hosts {
        h, pattern = mux.match(host + path)
    }
    if h == nil {
        h, pattern = mux.match(path)
    }
    if h == nil {
        h, pattern = NotFoundHandler(), ""
    }
    return
}
 
func (mux *ServeMux) match(path string) (h Handler, pattern string) {
    var n = 0
    for k, v := range mux.m {
        if !pathMatch(k, path) {
        continue
    }
    if h == nil || len(k) > n {
        n = len(k)
        h = v.h
        pattern = v.pattern
        }
    }
    return
}