詳解python中mongoengine庫用法

Posted on 2022-07-25 by WalkonNet

一、MongoDB的安裝與連接

安裝：pip install mongoengine

連接mongodb數據庫

from pymongo import MongoClient
cli = MongoClient('192.168.124.104', 27017)
mongodb = cli['test']
print(mongodb)

from mongoengine import connect
#  連接到User數據庫
connect('user', host='192.168.124.104', port=27017)

二、MongoEngine模型介紹

2.1、ODM模型介紹

from mongoengine import Document, StringField
class User(Document):
    email = StringField(required=True)
    first_name = StringField(max_length=50)
    last_name = StringField(max_length=50)

2.2、常見數據類型

2.3、數據類型通用參數

db_field：文檔中的field/域/列名稱
required：是否為必填項
default：默認值
unique：唯一性約束
choices：可選擇的列表
primary_key：是否為文檔的主鍵，默認為False

2.4、類屬性meta常見配置項

類屬性，其配置項為python的dict（字典）

from mongoengine import Document, StringField
class User(Document):
    email = StringField(required=True)
    first_name = StringField(max_length=50)
    last_name = StringField(max_length=50)
    meta = {
    }

常見的配置項：

db_alias：指定文檔所在的數據庫（邏輯庫）
collection：指定文檔所在的集合
ordering：指定文檔的默認排序規則
indexes：指定文檔的索引規則

2.5、文檔的嵌套模型

學生信息數據字典

文檔的嵌套場景

情況一，數組-簡單數據類型：{'grades': [76, 51, 84]}

from mongoengine import Document, IntField, ListField
class Student(Document):
    grade = ListField(IntField())

情況二，單個文檔：{'grade': {'course_name': '語文', 'score': 76}}

from mongoengine import Document, StringField, IntField, ListField, EmbeddedDocument, EmbeddedDocumentField
#  自定義類型
class CourseGrade(EmbeddedDocument):
    course_name = StringField()
    score = IntField()
class Student(Document):
    grade = EmbeddedDocumentField(CourseGrade)

情況三，數組-文檔：{'grades': [{'score': 76}, {'score': 51}]}

from mongoengine import Document, IntField, ListField, EmbeddedDocument, EmbeddedDocumentField
#  自定義類型
class CourseGrade(EmbeddedDocument):
    score = IntField()
class Student(Document):
    grade = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(CourseGrade))

完整代碼：

from mongoengine import Document, connect, EnumField, StringField, IntField, ListField, EmbeddedDocument, \
    EmbeddedDocumentField
from enum import Enum
#  連接到User數據庫
connect('user', host='192.168.124.104', port=27017)
class SexEnum(Enum):
    MAN = '男'
    WOMAN = '女'
class CourseGrade(EmbeddedDocument):
    """成績信息（科目、老師、成績）-被嵌套的文檔"""
    course_name = StringField(max_length=64, required=True, verbose_name='科目')
    teacher = StringField(max_length=16, verbose_name='老師')
    score = IntField(min_value=0, max_value=150, required=True, verbose_name='成績')
    def __repr__(self):
        return f"CourseGrade({self.course_name},{self.score})"
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__repr__()
class Student(Document):
    """學生信息"""
    # verbose_name 自定義參數，用於顯示定義域的名稱
    stu_no = IntField(required=True, unique=True, verbose_name='學號')
    stu_name = StringField(required=True, max_length=16, verbose_name='姓名')
    sex = EnumField(enum=SexEnum, verbose_name='性別')
    class_name = StringField(max_length=10, verbose_name='班級')
    address = StringField(max_length=255, verbose_name='傢庭住址')
    phone_no = StringField(max_length=11, verbose_name='電話號碼')
    age = IntField(min_value=0, max_value=150, verbose_name='年齡')
    grades = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(CourseGrade), verbose_name='成績數組')
    meta = {
        #  指定文檔的集合
        'collection': 'students',
        #  指定排序，可以指定多個域。例如：'age':根據年齡升序，'-age'：根據年齡降序
        'ordering': ['-age']
    }
    def __repr__(self):
        return f'Grade({self.stu_no}, {self.stu_name})'
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__repr__()
class Grade(Document):
    """學生成績"""
    # verbose_name 自定義參數，用於顯示定義域的名稱
    stu_no = IntField(required=True, verbose_name="學號")
    stu_name = StringField(required=True, max_length=16, verbose_name='姓名')
    sex = EnumField(enum=SexEnum, verbose_name='性別')
    class_name = StringField(max_length=10, verbose_name='班級')
    address = StringField(max_length=255, verbose_name='傢庭住址')
    phone_no = StringField(max_length=11, verbose_name='電話號碼')
    age = IntField(min_value=0, max_value=150, verbose_name='年齡')
    grade = EmbeddedDocumentField(CourseGrade, verbose_name='成績')
    meta = {
        # 指定文檔的集合
        'collection': 'grades',
        # 指定排序，可以指定多個域。例如：'age':根據年齡升序，'-age'：根據年齡降序
        'ordering': ['-age']
    }
    def __repr__(self):
        return f'Grade({self.stu_no}, {self.stu_name})'
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__repr__()

三、添加數據

添加數據一般有兩種方式：

3.1、方式一

一般步驟：

第一步，構造ODM模型類對象：user=User(username='張三')
第二步，驗證數據：user.validate()
第三步，保存數據：user.save()

模型中的驗

內置的驗證器，如max_length, min_value
自定義驗證器

模型中自定義驗證方法示例代碼如下：

import re
from mongoengine import StringField
from mongoengine.errors import ValidationError
def phone_required(value):
    pattern = r'^1[0-9][10]$'
    if not re.search(pattern, value):
        raise ValidationError('請輸入正確的手機號')
phone_no = StringField(validation=phone_required)

方式一示例代碼：

import random
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum, CourseGrade
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
 
    def __init__(self, info):
        self.info = info
        print(self.info)
 
    def add_one_student(self):
        """新增一個學生信息"""
        student = Student(
            stu_no=random.randint(3000, 9999999),
            stu_name=self.info['name'],
            sex=random.choice([SexEnum.MAN, SexEnum.WOMAN]),
            class_name='六年級三班',
            address=self.info['address'],
            phone_no=self.info['phone'],
            age=random.randint(10, 15),
            grades=[
                CourseGrade(course_name='語文', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
                CourseGrade(course_name='數學', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
                CourseGrade(course_name='英語', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
            ]
        )
        print(student, student.grades)
        result = student.save()
        return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
    info = {'name': '鐵扇公主', 'address': '北京市朝陽區', 'phone': '19121741234', 'teacher': '王老師'}
 
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine(info)
    obj.add_one_student()

mongodb數據庫中插入的數據：

3.2、方式二：使用create()方法

User.objects.create(**kwargs)

示例代碼：

import random
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum, CourseGrade
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def __init__(self, info):
        self.info = info
        print(self.info)
    def add_one_student(self):
        """新增一個學生信息"""
        result = Student.objects.create(
            stu_no=random.randint(3000, 9999999),
            stu_name=self.info['name'],
            sex=random.choice([SexEnum.MAN, SexEnum.WOMAN]),
            class_name='六年級三班',
            address=self.info['address'],
            phone_no=self.info['phone'],
            age=random.randint(10, 15),
            grades=[
                CourseGrade(course_name='語文', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
                CourseGrade(course_name='數學', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
                CourseGrade(course_name='英語', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
            ]
        )
        # student = Student(
        #     stu_no=random.randint(3000, 9999999),
        #     stu_name=self.info['name'],
        #     sex=random.choice([SexEnum.MAN, SexEnum.WOMAN]),
        #     class_name='六年級三班',
        #     address=self.info['address'],
        #     phone_no=self.info['phone'],
        #     age=random.randint(10, 15),
        #     grades=[
        #         CourseGrade(course_name='語文', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
        #         CourseGrade(course_name='數學', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
        #         CourseGrade(course_name='英語', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
        #     ]
        # )
        print(result, result.grades)
        # result = student.save()
        return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
    info = {'name': '盧俊義', 'address': '上海市浦東新區', 'phone': '18721741234', 'teacher': '張老師'}
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine(info)
    obj.add_one_student()

mongodb數據庫中插入的數據：

四、查詢數據

結果集QuerySet的獲取：User.objects，User是模型對象

常用的查詢方法：

all()：查詢所有文檔
filter()：按照條件查詢
count()：滿足條件的文檔數
sum()/average()：求和/求平均數
order_by()：排序
.skip().limit()：分頁

4.1、單個文檔查詢

first()：沒有文檔則返回None，User.objects.first()
get(**kwargs)

多個文檔時，異常：MultipleObjectsReturned
沒有文檔時，異常：DoesNotExist
僅有一個文檔時：返回ODM對象

示例代碼：

from model import Student
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def get_one_student(self):
        """查詢一個學生的信息"""
        student_info = Student.objects.first()
        print(student_info, student_info.id, student_info.stu_name, student_info.address)
        return student_info
    def get_all_student(self):
        """查詢所有學生的信息"""
        student_all_info = Student.objects.all()
        print(student_all_info)
        return student_all_info
    def get_student_by_id(self, pk: str):
        """根據學生的id查詢"""
        student_info_id = Student.objects.get(id=pk)
        print(student_info_id)
        return student_info_id
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.get_one_student()
    obj.get_all_student()
    obj.get_student_by_id('62dcd1f1a0da9e5521e73223')

運行結果：

4.2、條件查詢

1）比較運算符

在MongoEngine中使用雙下劃線(__)分割。比如：age__gt=12，表示年齡大於12的學生信息。

2）MongoEngine中的字符串查詢【i表示不區分大小寫】

3）多個條件組合查詢

Q函數的使用：from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
多個條件同時滿足：Student.objects.filter(Q(key1=value1) & Q(key2=value2))
多個條件部分滿足：Student.objects.filter(Q(key1=value1) | Q(key2=value2))

from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def get_one_student(self):
        """查詢一個學生的信息"""
        student_info = Student.objects.first()
        print(student_info, student_info.id, student_info.stu_name, student_info.address)
        return student_info
    def get_all_student(self):
        """查詢所有學生的信息"""
        student_all_info = Student.objects.all()
        print(student_all_info)
        return student_all_info
    def get_student_by_id(self, pk: str):
        """根據學生的id查詢"""
        student_info_id = Student.objects.get(id=pk)
        print(student_info_id)
        return student_info_id
    def get_student_1(self):
        """獲取大於12歲的學生信息"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(age__gt=12)
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_2(self):
        """獲取所有姓李的學生"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(stu_name__startswith='李')
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_3(self):
        """查詢年齡在9~12之間（含）的學生信息"""
        # SELECT * FROM school_student_info WHERE age BETWEEN 9 AND 12;
        # db.students.find({'age': {'$gte': 9, '$lte': 12}})
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gte=9) & Q(age__lte=12))
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_4(self):
        """查詢所有12歲以上的男生和9歲以下的女生"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gt=12, sex=SexEnum.MAN) | Q(age__lt=9, sex=SexEnum.WOMAN))
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_grade(self):
        """查詢大於等於60分的學生成績信息"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(grades__score__gte=80)  # 註意這兒寫法
        print(result)
        for i in result:
            print(i.grades)
        return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.get_one_student()
    obj.get_student_1()
    obj.get_student_2()
    obj.get_student_3()
    obj.get_student_4()
    obj.get_grade()

運行結果：【註意：打印信息是由model中__call__函數設置決定的】

4.3、聚合統計

滿足條件的文檔數：User.objects.count()，所有的結果集都可以使用
求和/平均數：User.objects.filter().sum(field) / User.objects.filter().average(field)

from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def get_student_4(self):
        """查詢所有12歲以上的男生和9歲以下的女生"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gt=12, sex=SexEnum.MAN) | Q(age__lt=9, sex=SexEnum.WOMAN))
        print(result)
        return result
 
    def get_student_5(self):
        """查詢所有12歲以上的男生和9歲以下的女生總數"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gt=12, sex=SexEnum.MAN) | Q(age__lt=9, sex=SexEnum.WOMAN)).count()
        print(result)
        return result
 
    def get_man_sex(self):
        """統計性別為男的總人數，並求出其平均年齡和總年齡"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(sex='男')
        print(queryset)
        man_num_count = queryset.count()
        print(man_num_count)
        man_avg_age = queryset.average('age')
        print(man_avg_age)
        man_sum_age = queryset.sum('age')
        print(man_sum_age)
        return man_avg_age, man_sum_age
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.get_student_4()
    obj.get_student_5()
    obj.get_man_sex()

運行結果：

4.4、排序

-：倒敘排列
(+)：正序排序，默認就是正序
Student.objects().order_by('field1', '-field2')

from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def get_max_min_age(self):
        """獲取最大年齡和最小年齡的學生信息"""
        queryset_min_age = Student.objects.order_by('age').first()
        queryset_max_age = Student.objects.order_by('-age').first()
        print(queryset_min_age, queryset_min_age.age)
        print(queryset_max_age, queryset_max_age.age)
 
        return '200 OK'
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.get_max_min_age()

運行結果：

4.5、分頁處理

方式一，切片方式：User.objects.all()[10:15]
方式二，.skip().limit()：User.objects.skip(10).limit(5)

from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def paginate(self, page: int = 1, page_size: int = 5):
        """
        分頁處理
        :param page: 當前是第幾頁
        :param page_size: 每頁有多少數據
        :return:
        """
        #  方法一：切片
        start = (page - 1) * page_size
        end = start + page_size
        queryset1 = Student.objects.all()[start:end]
        print(queryset1)
        #  方法二：skip().limit()
        queryset2 = Student.objects.skip(start).limit(page_size)
        print(queryset2)
        return "200 OK"
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.paginate(1, 6)
    print("*" * 100)
    obj.paginate(1, 3)
    obj.paginate(2, 3)

運行結果：

五、修改和刪除數據

5.1、修改數據

修改數據時一般先過濾數據，再修改

修改一條數據：User.objects.filter().update_one()
批量修改數據：User.objects.filter().update()

from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def update_one(self):
        """修改一條數據"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(stu_no='2438197')
        print(queryset)
        result = queryset.update_one(stu_name='白龍馬', phone_no='16452412564')
        # result = queryset.update_one(stu_name='白龍馬', unset__phone_no=True)
        print(result)
    def update_one_2(self):
        """修改一條數據"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(stu_no=3152784).first()
        print(queryset)
        if queryset:
            queryset.stu_name = '沙和尚'
            result = queryset.save()
            print(result)
            return "200 OK"
        else:
            return "error"
    def update_many(self):
        """將年齡10歲的學生年齡加一歲"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(age=10)
        print(queryset)
        queryset.update(inc__age=1)
        print(queryset)
        return "200 OK"
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.update_one()
    obj.update_one_2()
    obj.update_many()

運行結果：

5.2、刪除數據

User.objects.filter().delete()

from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def delete_data(self):
        """刪除年齡大於13歲的學生"""
        queryset_start = Student.objects.all()
        print(f"刪除前學生總數量：{queryset_start.count()}")
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(age__gt=13)
        print(f'刪除的學生的數量：{queryset.count()}')
        res = queryset.delete()
        print(f"刪除的結果：{res}")
        queryset_end = Student.objects.all()
        print(f"刪除後剩餘學生總數量：{queryset_end.count()}")
if __name__ == '__main__':
    obj = LearnMongoDBEngine()
    obj.delete_data()

運行結果：

附錄：

main.py

import random
from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q
from model import Student, Grade, SexEnum, CourseGrade
class LearnMongoDBEngine(object):
    def __init__(self, info):
        self.info = info
        print(self.info)
    def add_one_student(self):
        """新增一個學生信息"""
        result = Student.objects.create(
            stu_no=random.randint(3000, 9999999),
            stu_name=self.info['name'],
            sex=random.choice([SexEnum.MAN, SexEnum.WOMAN]),
            class_name='六年級三班',
            address=self.info['address'],
            phone_no=self.info['phone'],
            age=random.randint(10, 15),
            grades=[
                CourseGrade(course_name='語文', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
                CourseGrade(course_name='數學', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
                CourseGrade(course_name='英語', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
            ]
        )
        # student = Student(
        #     stu_no=random.randint(3000, 9999999),
        #     stu_name=self.info['name'],
        #     sex=random.choice([SexEnum.MAN, SexEnum.WOMAN]),
        #     class_name='六年級三班',
        #     address=self.info['address'],
        #     phone_no=self.info['phone'],
        #     age=random.randint(10, 15),
        #     grades=[
        #         CourseGrade(course_name='語文', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
        #         CourseGrade(course_name='數學', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
        #         CourseGrade(course_name='英語', teacher=self.info['teacher'], score=random.randint(1, 100)),
        #     ]
        # )
        print(result, result.grades)
        # result = student.save()
        return result
    def get_one_student(self):
        """查詢一個學生的信息"""
        student_info = Student.objects.first()
        print(student_info, student_info.id, student_info.stu_name, student_info.address)
        return student_info
    def get_all_student(self):
        """查詢所有學生的信息"""
        student_all_info = Student.objects.all()
        print(student_all_info)
        return student_all_info
    def get_student_by_id(self, pk: str):
        """根據學生的id查詢"""
        student_info_id = Student.objects.get(id=pk)
        print(student_info_id)
        return student_info_id
    def get_student_1(self):
        """獲取大於12歲的學生信息"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(age__gt=12)
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_2(self):
        """獲取所有姓李的學生"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(stu_name__startswith='李')
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_3(self):
        """查詢年齡在9~12之間（含）的學生信息"""
        # SELECT * FROM school_student_info WHERE age BETWEEN 9 AND 12;
        # db.students.find({'age': {'$gte': 9, '$lte': 12}})
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gte=9) & Q(age__lte=12))
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_4(self):
        """查詢所有12歲以上的男生和9歲以下的女生"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gt=12, sex=SexEnum.MAN) | Q(age__lt=9, sex=SexEnum.WOMAN))
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_student_5(self):
        """查詢所有12歲以上的男生和9歲以下的女生總數"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(Q(age__gt=12, sex=SexEnum.MAN) | Q(age__lt=9, sex=SexEnum.WOMAN)).count()
        print(result)
        return result
    def get_man_sex(self):
        """統計性別為男的總人數，並求出其平均年齡和總年齡"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(sex='男')
        print(queryset)
        man_num_count = queryset.count()
        print(man_num_count)
        man_avg_age = queryset.average('age')
        print(man_avg_age)
        man_sum_age = queryset.sum('age')
        print(man_sum_age)
        return man_avg_age, man_sum_age
    def get_grade(self):
        """查詢大於等於60分的學生成績信息"""
        result = Student.objects.filter(grades__score__gte=80)  # 註意這兒寫法
        print(result)
        for i in result:
            print(i.grades)
        return result
    def get_max_min_age(self):
        """獲取最大年齡和最小年齡的學生信息"""
        queryset_min_age = Student.objects.order_by('age').first()
        queryset_max_age = Student.objects.order_by('-age').first()
        print(queryset_min_age, queryset_min_age.age)
        print(queryset_max_age, queryset_max_age.age)
        return '200 OK'
    def paginate(self, page: int = 1, page_size: int = 5):
        """
        分頁處理
        :param page: 當前是第幾頁
        :param page_size: 每頁有多少數據
        :return:
        """
        #  方法一：切片
        start = (page - 1) * page_size
        end = start + page_size
        queryset1 = Student.objects.all()[start:end]
        print(queryset1)
        #  方法二：skip().limit()
        queryset2 = Student.objects.skip(start).limit(page_size)
        print(queryset2)
        return "200 OK"
    def update_one(self):
        """修改一條數據"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(stu_no='2438197')
        print(queryset)
        result = queryset.update_one(stu_name='白龍馬', phone_no='16452412564')
        # result = queryset.update_one(stu_name='白龍馬', unset__phone_no=True)
        print(result)
    def update_one_2(self):
        """修改一條數據"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(stu_no=3152784).first()
        print(queryset)
        if queryset:
            queryset.stu_name = '沙和尚'
            result = queryset.save()
            print(result)
            return "200 OK"
        else:
            return "error"
    def update_many(self):
        """將年齡10歲的學生年齡加一歲"""
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(age=10)
        print(queryset)
        queryset.update(inc__age=1)
        print(queryset)
        return "200 OK"
    def delete_data(self):
        """刪除年齡大於13歲的學生"""
        queryset_start = Student.objects.all()
        print(f"刪除前學生總數量：{queryset_start.count()}")
        queryset = Student.objects.filter(age__gt=13)
        print(f'刪除的學生的數量：{queryset.count()}')
        res = queryset.delete()
        print(f"刪除的結果：{res}")
        queryset_end = Student.objects.all()
        print(f"刪除後剩餘學生總數量：{queryset_end.count()}")
if __name__ == '__main__':
    #  自我測試代碼
    pass

model.py

from mongoengine import Document, connect, EnumField, StringField, IntField, ListField, EmbeddedDocument, \
    EmbeddedDocumentField
from enum import Enum
#  連接到User數據庫
connect('user', host='192.168.124.104', port=27017)
class SexEnum(Enum):
    MAN = '男'
    WOMAN = '女'
class CourseGrade(EmbeddedDocument):
    """成績信息（科目、老師、成績）-被嵌套的文檔"""
    course_name = StringField(max_length=64, required=True, verbose_name='科目')
    teacher = StringField(max_length=16, verbose_name='老師')
    score = IntField(min_value=0, max_value=150, required=True, verbose_name='成績')
    def __repr__(self):
        return f"CourseGrade({self.course_name},{self.score})"
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__repr__()
class Student(Document):
    """學生信息"""
    # verbose_name 自定義參數，用於顯示定義域的名稱
    stu_no = IntField(required=True, unique=True, verbose_name='學號')
    stu_name = StringField(required=True, max_length=16, verbose_name='姓名')
    sex = EnumField(enum=SexEnum, verbose_name='性別')
    class_name = StringField(max_length=10, verbose_name='班級')
    address = StringField(max_length=255, verbose_name='傢庭住址')
    phone_no = StringField(max_length=11, verbose_name='電話號碼')
    age = IntField(min_value=0, max_value=150, verbose_name='年齡')
    grades = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(CourseGrade), verbose_name='成績數組')
    meta = {
        #  指定文檔的集合
        'collection': 'students',
        #  指定排序，可以指定多個域。例如：'age':根據年齡升序，'-age'：根據年齡降序
        'ordering': ['-age'],
        'strict': False  # 設置非嚴格校驗字段則不需要吧所有字段都聲明
    }
    def __repr__(self):
        return f'Grade({self.stu_no}, {self.stu_name})'
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__repr__()
class Grade(Document):
    """學生成績"""
    # verbose_name 自定義參數，用於顯示定義域的名稱
    stu_no = IntField(required=True, verbose_name="學號")
    stu_name = StringField(required=True, max_length=16, verbose_name='姓名')
    sex = EnumField(enum=SexEnum, verbose_name='性別')
    class_name = StringField(max_length=10, verbose_name='班級')
    address = StringField(max_length=255, verbose_name='傢庭住址')
    phone_no = StringField(max_length=11, verbose_name='電話號碼')
    age = IntField(min_value=0, max_value=150, verbose_name='年齡')
    grades = EmbeddedDocumentField(CourseGrade, verbose_name='成績')
    meta = {
        # 指定文檔的集合
        'collection': 'grades',
        # 指定排序，可以指定多個域。例如：'age':根據年齡升序，'-age'：根據年齡降序
        'ordering': ['-age']
    }
    def __repr__(self):
        return f'Grade({self.stu_no}, {self.stu_name})'
    def __str__(self):
        return self.__repr__()

官方文檔：
https://docs.mongoengine.org/guide/querying.html

到此這篇關於python中mongoengine庫用法詳解的文章就介紹到這瞭,更多相關python mongoengine庫內容請搜索WalkonNet以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大傢以後多多支持WalkonNet！

詳解python中mongoengine庫用法

目錄

一、MongoDB的安裝與連接

二、MongoEngine模型介紹

2.1、ODM模型介紹

2.2、常見數據類型

2.3、數據類型通用參數

2.4、類屬性meta常見配置項

2.5、文檔的嵌套模型

三、添加數據

3.1、方式一

3.2、方式二：使用create()方法

四、查詢數據

4.1、單個文檔查詢

4.2、條件查詢

4.3、聚合統計

4.4、排序

4.5、分頁處理

五、修改和刪除數據

5.1、修改數據

5.2、刪除數據

推薦閱讀：

發佈留言取消回覆

近期文章

目錄

一、MongoDB的安裝與連接

二、MongoEngine模型介紹

2.1、ODM模型介紹

2.2、常見數據類型

2.3、數據類型通用參數

2.4、類屬性meta常見配置項

2.5、文檔的嵌套模型

三、添加數據

3.1、方式一

3.2、方式二：使用create()方法

四、查詢數據

4.1、單個文檔查詢

4.2、條件查詢

4.3、聚合統計

4.4、排序

4.5、分頁處理

五、修改和刪除數據

5.1、修改數據

5.2、刪除數據

推薦閱讀：

發佈留言 取消回覆

近期文章

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