利用Matplotlib實現單畫佈繪制多個子圖

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

class Graph(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.font = {
            'size': 13
        }

    plt.figure(figsize=(9, 6))
    plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.7, hspace=0.5)
    plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'simhei'
    plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

    def twinx(self):
        a1 = plt.subplot(231)
        plt.title('雙縱軸折線圖', fontdict=self.font)
        a1.plot(subjects, v1, label='v1')
        a1.set_ylabel('v1')
        a1.legend(loc='upper right', bbox_to_anchor=[-0.5, 0, 0.5, 1], fontsize=7)
        a2 = a1.twinx()
        a2.plot(subjects, v2, 'r--', label='v2')
        a2.set_ylabel('v2')
        a2.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=[1, 0, 0.5, 1], fontsize=7)

    def scatter(self):
        plt.subplot(232)
        plt.title('散點圖', fontdict=self.font)
        x = range(50)
        y_jiangsu = [np.random.uniform(15, 25) for i in x]
        y_beijing = [np.random.uniform(5, 18) for i in x]
        plt.scatter(x, y_beijing, label='v1')
        plt.scatter(x, y_jiangsu, label='v2')
        plt.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=[1, 0, 0.5, 1], fontsize=7)

    def hist(self):
        plt.subplot(233)
        plt.title('直方圖', fontdict=self.font)
        x = np.random.normal(size=100)
        plt.hist(x, bins=30)

    def bar_dj(self):
        plt.subplot(234)
        plt.title('堆積柱狀圖', fontdict=self.font)
        plt.bar(np.arange(len(v1)), v1, width=0.6, label='v1')
        for x, y in enumerate(v1):
            plt.text(x, y, y, va='top', ha='center')
        plt.bar(np.arange(len(v2)), v2, width=0.6, bottom=v1, label='v2')
        for x, y in enumerate(v2):
            plt.text(x, y + 60, y, va='bottom', ha='center')
        plt.ylim(0, 200)
        plt.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=[1, 0, 0.5, 1], fontsize=7)
        plt.xticks(np.arange(len(v1)), subjects)

    def bar_bl(self):
        plt.subplot(235)
        plt.title('並列柱狀圖', fontdict=self.font)
        plt.bar(np.arange(len(v1)), v1, width=0.4, color='tomato', label='v1')
        for x, y in enumerate(v1):
            plt.text(x - 0.2, y, y)
        plt.bar(np.arange(len(v2)) + 0.4, v2, width=0.4, color='steelblue', label='v2')
        for x, y in enumerate(v2):
            plt.text(x + 0.2, y, y)
        plt.ylim(0, 110)
        plt.xticks(np.arange(len(v1)), subjects)
        plt.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=[1, 0, 0.5, 1], fontsize=7)

    def barh(self):
        plt.subplot(236)
        plt.title('水平柱狀圖', fontdict=self.font)
        plt.barh(np.arange(len(v1)), v1, height=0.4, label='v1')
        plt.barh(np.arange(len(v2)) + 0.4, v2, height=0.4, label='v2')
        plt.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=[1, 0, 0.5, 1], fontsize=7)
        plt.yticks(np.arange(len(v1)), subjects)


def main():
    g = Graph()
    g.twinx()
    g.scatter()
    g.hist()
    g.bar_dj()
    g.bar_bl()
    g.barh()
    plt.savefig('坐標軸類.png')
    plt.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    subjects = ['語文', '數學', '英語', '物理', '化學']
    v1 = [77, 92, 83, 74, 90]
    v2 = [63, 88, 99, 69, 66]
    main()

import os
import cv2
import pytz
import numpy as np
from tqdm import tqdm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import animation
from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec
from datetime import datetime
# (200,125) ,(300,185)
def ave_area(arrays, left_top=(350, 180), right_lower=(400,255)):
    np_array = arrays[left_top[0]:right_lower[0], left_top[1]:right_lower[1]].reshape(1, -1)
    delete_0 = np_array[np_array != 0]
    return np.mean(delete_0) / 1000
 
img_depths_x = []
img_depths_y = []
img_colors = []
 
dirs = r'Z:\10.1.22.215\2021-09-09-18'
for file in tqdm(os.listdir(dirs)[4000:4400]):
    try:
        img_path = os.path.join(dirs, file)
        data = np.load(img_path, allow_pickle=True)
        depthPix, colorPix = data['depthPix'], data['colorPix']
        #rgbimage = cv2.cvtColor(colorPix, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
        font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
        text = file.replace('.npz', '')
        cv2.putText(colorPix, text, (10, 30), font, 0.75, (0, 0, 255), 2)
        cv2.putText(depthPix, text, (10, 30), font, 0.75, (0, 0, 255), 2)
        #cv2.imshow('example', colorPix)
        cv2.waitKey(10)
        indexes = file.replace('.npz', '')
        key = datetime.strptime(indexes, '%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S-%f').astimezone(pytz.timezone('Asia/ShangHai')).timestamp()  #格式時間轉換
        img_depths_x.append(key)
        img_depths_y.append(ave_area(depthPix))
        img_colors.append(cv2.cvtColor(colorPix,cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
 
    except:
        continue
fig = plt.figure(dpi=100,
                 constrained_layout=True,  # 類似於tight_layout，使得各子圖之間的距離自動調整【類似excel中行寬根據內容自適應】
                 figsize=(15, 12)
                 )
gs = GridSpec(3, 1, figure=fig)#GridSpec將fiure分為3行3列，每行三個axes，gs為一個matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec對象，可靈活的切片figure
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0:2, 0])
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[2:3, 0])
xdata, ydata = [], []
 
rect = plt.Rectangle((350, 180), 75, 50, fill=False, edgecolor = 'red',linewidth=1)
ax1.add_patch(rect)
ln1 = ax1.imshow(img_colors[0])
ln2, = ax2.plot([], [], lw=2)
def init():
    ax2.set_xlim(img_depths_x[0], img_depths_x[-1])
    ax2.set_ylim(12, 14.5)
    return ln1, ln2
 
def update(n):
    ln1.set_array(img_colors[n])
 
    xdata.append(img_depths_x[n])
    ydata.append(img_depths_y[n])
    ln2.set_data(xdata, ydata)
    return ln1, ln2
 
ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig,
                              update,
                              frames=range(len(img_depths_x)),
                              init_func=init,
                              blit=True)
ani.save('vis.gif', writer='imagemagick', fps=10)