Python基礎之tkinter圖形化界面學習
一、基礎內容
import tkinter as tk from PIL import Image,ImageTk def my(): pwin.destroy() win.deiconify() win = tk.Tk() #win.geometry('320x240+100+50') #長320寬240 右100,下50 win['width']=320 #可以用win.keys()查看哪些可以這樣寫 win['height']=240 win.title('tkinter圖形化專題學習') #win.iconbitmap('my.ico') img=ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=Image.open('1.gif','r')) win.iconphoto(False,img) #win.withdraw()#臨時退出 #win.deiconify()#恢復 #win.iconify()#最小化 #win.destroy()#關掉 #help(win.state) """ win.state('iconic') win.state('normal') win.state('zommed') win.state('zoomed') win.state('withdraw') """ #win.attributes('-alpha',0.5) #設置透明度 #win.attributes('-toolwindow',1)#沒有最大化最小化按鈕 #win.attributes('-toolwindow',0)#常規窗口 #win.attributes('-topmost',1) #置頂 win.withdraw() #隱藏原窗口 pwin=tk.Toplevel(win) #新建彈窗 pwin.title('彈窗') pwin.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',my) win.mainloop()
二、漸變窗口與計時器
#計時器 import tkinter as tk import time def my(): global x if x >1: return win.title('計時器:{:.2f}'.format(x)) win.attributes('-alpha', x) x += 0.01 win.after(200,my) #100ms win = tk.Tk() win.title("計時器") win['bg']= 'lightblue' #用win.keys()查看 win.geometry('300x300') win.resizable(0,0) #不可變窗口大小 x = 0.01 win.attributes('-alpha', x) win.after(200,my) win.mainloop()
三、簡單的佈局標簽文本框按鈕
3.1 佈局
import tkinter as tk win=tk.Tk() win.title("佈局") win.geometry('320x240') #win.resizable(0,0) #定義 lbl=tk.Label(win,text="請輸入") txt=tk.Entry(win) btn=tk.Button(win,text="確定") #佈局 方法一pack打包式放置 方法二grid表格式放置 方法三place任意放置 """ lbl.pack(side='left' ,padx=(10,0)) txt.pack(side='left') #txt.pack_info()查看pack的參數 btn.pack(side='left', padx='10') """ """ lbl.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=(50,10),pady=10) #lbl.grid_info()查看grid的參數 txt.grid(row=0,column=1) btn.grid(row=1,column=0,columnspan=2,padx=(50,0),pady=10, sticky='we') """ lbl.place(relx=0.1,rely=0.2) txt.place(relx=0.3,rely=0.15) btn.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.25) #win.mainloop()
3.2 佈局
import tkinter as tk #建窗口 win=tk.Tk() win.title('佈局') #建組件 frm=tk.Frame(win) #框架 #定義 lbl=tk.Label(frm,text='請輸入') txt=tk.Entry(frm) btn=tk.Button(win,text='確定') #佈局 lbl.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=10) txt.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=10) frm.pack() btn.pack(fill='x') win.mainloop()
四、攝氏度華氏度
import tkinter as tk def myfun(e): #def myfun(): try: a=int(entry1.get()) b=int(entry2.get()) lbx.delete(0,'end') for i in range(a,b+1): f=i*9/5+32 lbx.insert('end',' {} {}'.format(i,f)) except: pass win=tk.Tk() win.title('溫度轉換') win.resizable(0,0) #大小不可更改 label1 = tk.Label(win, text='請輸入第1個整數') label2 = tk.Label(win, text='請輸入第2個整數') label3 = tk.Label(win, text='攝氏溫度 華氏溫度') entry1 = tk.Entry(win) entry2 = tk.Entry(win) entry1.insert(0, '10') entry2.insert(0, '15') #btn=tk.Button(win, text='確定',command=myfun) btn=tk.Label(win, text='確定',#把label變成按鈕 relief='groove') #浮雕 btn.bind('<Button-1>', myfun) #用bing綁定 必須給函數參數 lbx=tk.Listbox(win) #滾動條 scr=tk.Scrollbar(win) scr['command']=lbx.yview lbx['yscrollcommand']=scr.set label1.grid(row=1, column=0) label2.grid(row=2, column=0) label3.grid(row=0, column=2) entry1.grid(row=1, column=1) entry2.grid(row=2, column=1) btn.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky="ew") lbx.grid(row=1, column=2, rowspan=3, padx=10, pady=10) scr.grid(row=1, column=3, rowspan=3, sticky='ns') #btn.key()找到可以設置的參數 或者btn.config() win.mainloop()
五、隨機彈出數字(隨機點名、抽獎)
import tkinter as tk import random def myfun(): lst=list(range(100)) name=random.choice(lst) lbl['text']=name win.after(500,myfun) win=tk.Tk() win.title('抽獎程序') lbl=tk.Label(win,text='***', width=6,font='-size 48') btn=tk.Button(win,text='開始', font='-size 36', command=myfun) lbl.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=10,pady=10) btn.grid(row=0,column=1,padx=10,pady=10) #win.mainloop()
六、幾行幾列五子棋畫佈
import tkinter as tk win=tk.Tk() win.title('五子棋') win.geometry('800x600+64+32') win.resizable(0,0) #建畫佈 cav=tk.Canvas(win, width=600,height=600, bg='yellow') rfm=tk.Frame(win,width=200,height=600, bg='lightyellow') cav.pack(side='left') rfm.pack(side='right') #畫線 for i in range(1,20): x1, y1, x2, y2=30, i*30,19*30,i*30 cav.create_line(x1,y1,x2,y2) cav.create_line(y1,x1,y2,x2)
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